際際滷

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Lecture: Ecology
Ec o =
h o u s e 
-o l o g y = t h e
s t u d y o f 
T h e s t u d y o f
t h e
r e l a t i o n s h i p
b e t we e n l i v i n g
o r g a n i s ms a n d
Lecture: Ecology
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
What does this inverted
pyramid illustrate about
ecological organization?

Species
Individual
A
s i n g l e , l i v i n g
o EXAMPLES .
r g a n i s m
a n i ma l s , p l a n t s ,
f u n g i , b a c t e r i a ,
a n d p r o t i s t s
A g r o u p o f
o r g a n i s ms s o
s i mi l a r t h a t
t h e y c a n
r e p r o d u c e a n d
c r e a t e v i a b l e
o f f s p r i n g .
Al l t h e
me mb e r s o f
ONE S P E CI E S
t h a t l i v e i n
a p a r t i c u l a r
a r e a .
AL L t h e
d i f f e r e n t
g r o u p s o f
s p e c i e s t h a t
l i v e i n a
p a r t i c u l a r
a r e a .
Al l t h e
l i v i n g
A ND NONL I VI NG
t h i n g s
f o u n d i n a
p a r t i c u l a
r a r e a .
a l l l i v i n g , o n c e p r o d u c t s io v i l n i g v a n d t h i n g s
f
i n g
l
i n a n e c o s y s t e m.

a l l n o n l i v i n g p a r t s
a n e c o s y s t e m
E c o s y s t e ms
t h a t s h a r e
s e a u p
t e m p i rm i t l raerr e c i p i
a
c l i m a t t e .t i o n
Lecture: Ecology
Al l t h e
l i v i n g
a r e a o n
t h e
p l a n e t .
Lecture: Ecology
Lecture: Ecology
Th e
s u n

.
Th r o u g h t h e
f o o d we b .
Food Chains
- l i n e a r
- s i mp l e
- On l y
s h o ws
o n e

Food Webs

- We b
c Sh o ws x
- o mp l e
AL L
f e e d i n
t h e i r
p o s
i n a f o o d i t i
(t r o p h oi nc ) w e b

.
Pl a n t s , a l
g a e , e t c .
Bu g s a n d
h e r b i v o r e
s .
Bi r d s ,
s ma l l
r e p t i l e s ,
e t c .
L a r g e
r e p t i l e s ,
s ma l l
ma mma l s ,
e t c .
L a r g e
p r e d a t o r s

.
D e c o mp o s e r s
(m u s h r o o m s a n d
b a c t e r i a )
90% o f e n e r g y i s l o s t
e a c h t i me f o o d mo v e s
u p a t r o p h i c l e v e l .
Quaternary (4属) Consumers

Tertiary (3属) Consumers

Secondary (2属) Consumers

Primary (1属) Consumers
Primary (1属) Producers

10,000
Ca l s
Lecture: Ecology
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Lecture: Ecology

  • 2. Ec o = h o u s e -o l o g y = t h e s t u d y o f T h e s t u d y o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t we e n l i v i n g o r g a n i s ms a n d
  • 4. Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population What does this inverted pyramid illustrate about ecological organization? Species Individual
  • 5. A s i n g l e , l i v i n g o EXAMPLES . r g a n i s m a n i ma l s , p l a n t s , f u n g i , b a c t e r i a , a n d p r o t i s t s
  • 6. A g r o u p o f o r g a n i s ms s o s i mi l a r t h a t t h e y c a n r e p r o d u c e a n d c r e a t e v i a b l e o f f s p r i n g .
  • 7. Al l t h e me mb e r s o f ONE S P E CI E S t h a t l i v e i n a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a .
  • 8. AL L t h e d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s o f s p e c i e s t h a t l i v e i n a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a .
  • 9. Al l t h e l i v i n g A ND NONL I VI NG t h i n g s f o u n d i n a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a .
  • 10. a l l l i v i n g , o n c e p r o d u c t s io v i l n i g v a n d t h i n g s f i n g l i n a n e c o s y s t e m. a l l n o n l i v i n g p a r t s a n e c o s y s t e m
  • 11. E c o s y s t e ms t h a t s h a r e s e a u p t e m p i rm i t l raerr e c i p i a c l i m a t t e .t i o n
  • 13. Al l t h e l i v i n g a r e a o n t h e p l a n e t .
  • 16. Th e s u n .
  • 17. Th r o u g h t h e f o o d we b .
  • 18. Food Chains - l i n e a r - s i mp l e - On l y s h o ws o n e Food Webs - We b c Sh o ws x - o mp l e AL L f e e d i n
  • 19. t h e i r p o s i n a f o o d i t i (t r o p h oi nc ) w e b .
  • 20. Pl a n t s , a l g a e , e t c .
  • 21. Bu g s a n d h e r b i v o r e s .
  • 22. Bi r d s , s ma l l r e p t i l e s , e t c .
  • 23. L a r g e r e p t i l e s , s ma l l ma mma l s , e t c .
  • 24. L a r g e p r e d a t o r s .
  • 25. D e c o mp o s e r s (m u s h r o o m s a n d b a c t e r i a )
  • 26. 90% o f e n e r g y i s l o s t e a c h t i me f o o d mo v e s u p a t r o p h i c l e v e l .
  • 27. Quaternary (4属) Consumers Tertiary (3属) Consumers Secondary (2属) Consumers Primary (1属) Consumers Primary (1属) Producers 10,000 Ca l s