Lecture scheidt bereavement_part2
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This document summarizes research on bereavement responses and the mourning process. It finds that grief is associated with increased risk of physical illnesses, higher mortality rates, and changes in functional neuroanatomy. Studies have shown higher rates of pain, general physical ailments, weight loss, medication use, and hospitalization in people experiencing grief. Mortality rates are also increased for widows/widowers and mothers who have lost a child. Neuroimaging research has found that viewing images or words related to a deceased loved one is associated with activation in areas like the posterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and amygdala. Certain factors like circumstances of death, psychosocial stressors, and attachment styles
Lecture scheidt bereavement_part2
- 1. Psycho-Oncology Curriculum 2020-22 Bereavement responses and the mourning process Carl E. Scheidt Abteilung Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie Universitätsklinik Freiburg und Thure von Uexküll-Klinik Freiburg
- 2. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg  Increased risk of physical illnesses pain Bradbeer et al. Clin J Pain 2003 general physical ailments Stroebe, et al. in press weight loss Shahar et al. J Aging Health 2001 medication, hospitalization Stroebe et al. Lancet 2007 Grief – physical illnesses
- 3. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Death rates of widowers in comparison to married individuals of the same age (Barkes 1969) 1. half-year 2. half-year 2. year 3. year 4. year 5. year 6. year
- 5. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg  Increased mortality of widow(er)s Lichtenstein et al. Psychol Med 1998  Increased mortality of mothers directly after the death of a child Li et al. Lancet 2003 Grief - Mortality  Increased mortality of not re-married widowed men; of younger widowed women Li Soc Sci Med 1995, Schaefer C, Quesenberry et al. 1995
- 6. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Risk factors  Circumstances of death (e.g. unexpected, traumatic)  Psychosocial stressors Individual protective factors  Optimism, self-worth,  Secure attachment Unresolved  Religion  Quality of relationships (e.g. dependent, ambivalent) Influencing factors of the mourning process Stroebe M, et al., Lancet 2007
- 7. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Grief – Functional Neuroanatomy Gündel et al. Am J Psychiatry 2003 N= 8, female, death of a close relative within the last half-year (no control group!) Paradigm: image of the deceased relative vs. neutral image of a random person, 15 words related to the deceased relative vs. 15 neutral words Design: 2 X 2 design with 4 conditions (image of deceased relative with personal and neutral words, neutral image of a stranger with personal and neutral words.
- 8. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg 8 trauernde Frauen Grief – Functional Neuroanatomy Gündel et al. Am J Psychiatry 2003 Images and words: Posterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, cerebellum Image: Cuneus, Insular cortex, dorsales anteriores cingulum Words: Precuneus/ medial parietal cortex, precentral gyrus, vermis
- 9. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Sample groups: 12 women after loss of their child in late pregnancy vs. 12 mothers of healthy children conditions: happy face of a baby / happy face of an adult / neutral face of an adult activated brain areas: amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, brainstem, visual cortex Grief – Functional Neuroanatomy Kersting et al.
- 10. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Women after loss of child / mothers of healthy children face of a baby / neutral face ROI-Analysis Posterior cingular cortex -1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 baby happy neutral baby happy neutral left right Contrastvalue. women after loss control group Grief – Functional Neuroanatomy Kersting et al. in press
- 11. UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Freiburg Thank you for your attention !