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Lecture_Chapter_7.ppt

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The document discusses different types of buses, interfaces, and cards used in computer systems. It provides examples of expansion buses like ISA and PCI that provide slots on the motherboard. Disk interfaces like ATA, IDE, and SCSI are covered that connect hard disks. External buses like parallel, serial, USB are described along with communication buses for connecting systems. Common cards like graphics cards with DVI/VGA ports and sound cards with audio jacks are detailed.

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Computer Maintenance and Technical Support Chapter Seven Bus and Cards 1
Bus and Cards Buses - a path through which data can be sent to the different parts of the computer system. Two different parts of a Bus Address bus -transfers information about where the data should go Data bus -transfers the actual data. Bus width is the size of the bus lines. It determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time (say, one clock cycle). eg: a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits at a time. the larger the bus width, the faster the transmission. 2
Examples Expansion buses or slots Disk interfaces/Buses External buses Communications buses 3
Expansion Buses These are slots on the motherboard Examples ISA Industry Standard Architecture PCI Personal Component Interconnect EISA Extended ISA SIMM Single Inline Memory Module DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module MCA Micro-Channel Architecture AGP Accelerated Graphics Port VESA Video Electronics Standards Association PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (not just memory!) 4
3 ISA slots 5 PCI slots Pentium CPU 6 SIMM slots 2 DIMM slots 5
Disk Interfaces Examples ATA AT Attachment (named after IBM PC-AT) IDE Integrated Drive Electronics (same as ATA) Enhanced IDE Encompasses several older standards (ST-506/ST-412, IDE, ESDI, ATA-2, ATA-3, ATA-4) SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface (mid-80s, obsolete) PCMCIA 6
External Buses Examples Parallel sometimes called LPT (line printer) Serial typically RS232C (sometimes RS422) PS/2 for keyboards and mice USB Universal Serial Bus IrDA Infrared Device Attachment FireWire new, very high speed, developed by IEEE 7
Communications Buses For connecting systems to systems Parallel/LPT special purpose, e.g., using special software (Laplink) to transfer data between systems Serial/RS232C To connect a system to a voice-grade modem Ethernet To connect a system to a high-speed network 8
Cards 3 1 2 4 5 1 Processor and fan Graphics card handles its own processing making it almost independent of the processor. 2 Board connector AGP or PCI-Express 3 Memory Graphics card has its own memory. This makes it much faster. Most new cards use DDR3 memory. 4 DVI connector Digital output is supplied through this port. 5 VGA connector Analogue output is provided through this port. Graphics card 9
Cards Graphic card - screen images are made up of dots called pixels (picture elements). The graphics card must process each of these pixels to create the image. The resolution of a screen is the number of pixels being displayed. Typical resolutions include: 800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels 1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels 1280 x 1024: - 1,310,720 pixels 1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels 10
Cards 1 2 3 Sound card 1 PCI connector Connects the sound card to a PCI slot 2 MIDI socket Musical Instrument Digital Interface port is used to connect digital musical instruments to the computer. 3 Audio jacks These are used to connect microphones, speakers, stereo systems etc to the computer. 11
Cards allows computers join a network. Can be wired or wireless. The standard used is called Ethernet - covers wired and wireless networks. The wired standards include: Fast Ethernet - transmission speed of 100Mbps. Gigabyte Ethernet - transmission speed of 1000Mbps. PCI PC card USB Network card 12
Cards The wireless standards include: The B standard - introduced in 1999, it has a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a range of 30 Metres. The G standard - introduced in 2003, it has a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a range of 30 Metres. The N standard - introduced in 2006, it has a transmission speed of 540Mbps and a range of 50 metres. PCI PC Card USB 13
Cards Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can read media cards from most digital cameras: Microdrive: Smartmedia: SD memory card: Memory stick/Duo/Pro: xD picture card: Card readers Card reader drive 14
Quiz Name ______________ID ______ 1. Write one example of Expansion Buses/slot? Ans =SIMM,DIMM,PCMCIA,ISA,PCI,EISA.. 2. Write one example Disk interfaces ? Ans =ATA,IDE,SCSI,ESDI,PCMCIA.. 3. Write one example External buses ? Ans=PARALLEL,SERIAL PS/2,VGA,USB. 4. Write one example Communications buses? Ans =.. ., using special software (Laplink) 5. Write two examples of Cards? Ans=GRAPHIC CARD AND SOUND CARD 15

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Lecture_Chapter_7.ppt

  • 1. Computer Maintenance and Technical Support Chapter Seven Bus and Cards 1
  • 2. Bus and Cards Buses - a path through which data can be sent to the different parts of the computer system. Two different parts of a Bus Address bus -transfers information about where the data should go Data bus -transfers the actual data. Bus width is the size of the bus lines. It determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time (say, one clock cycle). eg: a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits at a time. the larger the bus width, the faster the transmission. 2
  • 3. Examples Expansion buses or slots Disk interfaces/Buses External buses Communications buses 3
  • 4. Expansion Buses These are slots on the motherboard Examples ISA Industry Standard Architecture PCI Personal Component Interconnect EISA Extended ISA SIMM Single Inline Memory Module DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module MCA Micro-Channel Architecture AGP Accelerated Graphics Port VESA Video Electronics Standards Association PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (not just memory!) 4
  • 5. 3 ISA slots 5 PCI slots Pentium CPU 6 SIMM slots 2 DIMM slots 5
  • 6. Disk Interfaces Examples ATA AT Attachment (named after IBM PC-AT) IDE Integrated Drive Electronics (same as ATA) Enhanced IDE Encompasses several older standards (ST-506/ST-412, IDE, ESDI, ATA-2, ATA-3, ATA-4) SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface (mid-80s, obsolete) PCMCIA 6
  • 7. External Buses Examples Parallel sometimes called LPT (line printer) Serial typically RS232C (sometimes RS422) PS/2 for keyboards and mice USB Universal Serial Bus IrDA Infrared Device Attachment FireWire new, very high speed, developed by IEEE 7
  • 8. Communications Buses For connecting systems to systems Parallel/LPT special purpose, e.g., using special software (Laplink) to transfer data between systems Serial/RS232C To connect a system to a voice-grade modem Ethernet To connect a system to a high-speed network 8
  • 9. Cards 3 1 2 4 5 1 Processor and fan Graphics card handles its own processing making it almost independent of the processor. 2 Board connector AGP or PCI-Express 3 Memory Graphics card has its own memory. This makes it much faster. Most new cards use DDR3 memory. 4 DVI connector Digital output is supplied through this port. 5 VGA connector Analogue output is provided through this port. Graphics card 9
  • 10. Cards Graphic card - screen images are made up of dots called pixels (picture elements). The graphics card must process each of these pixels to create the image. The resolution of a screen is the number of pixels being displayed. Typical resolutions include: 800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels 1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels 1280 x 1024: - 1,310,720 pixels 1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels 10
  • 11. Cards 1 2 3 Sound card 1 PCI connector Connects the sound card to a PCI slot 2 MIDI socket Musical Instrument Digital Interface port is used to connect digital musical instruments to the computer. 3 Audio jacks These are used to connect microphones, speakers, stereo systems etc to the computer. 11
  • 12. Cards allows computers join a network. Can be wired or wireless. The standard used is called Ethernet - covers wired and wireless networks. The wired standards include: Fast Ethernet - transmission speed of 100Mbps. Gigabyte Ethernet - transmission speed of 1000Mbps. PCI PC card USB Network card 12
  • 13. Cards The wireless standards include: The B standard - introduced in 1999, it has a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a range of 30 Metres. The G standard - introduced in 2003, it has a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a range of 30 Metres. The N standard - introduced in 2006, it has a transmission speed of 540Mbps and a range of 50 metres. PCI PC Card USB 13
  • 14. Cards Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can read media cards from most digital cameras: Microdrive: Smartmedia: SD memory card: Memory stick/Duo/Pro: xD picture card: Card readers Card reader drive 14
  • 15. Quiz Name ______________ID ______ 1. Write one example of Expansion Buses/slot? Ans =SIMM,DIMM,PCMCIA,ISA,PCI,EISA.. 2. Write one example Disk interfaces ? Ans =ATA,IDE,SCSI,ESDI,PCMCIA.. 3. Write one example External buses ? Ans=PARALLEL,SERIAL PS/2,VGA,USB. 4. Write one example Communications buses? Ans =.. ., using special software (Laplink) 5. Write two examples of Cards? Ans=GRAPHIC CARD AND SOUND CARD 15