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By R. Mahabir
Plant and
Animal cells

Introduction
In Today's lesson we shall be focussing on plant and animal cells- more specifically, what
makes them up, and how they contribute towards the overall functioning of a cell and living
organisms.
We shall first look at the light microscope and learn the functioning of the various parts.
Thereafter, we will explore the different functions of organelles in plant and animal cells. We
will also be comparing the similarities and differences between the two cells.
Towards the end of the lesson, there is also some fun games for us to play which I know you all
enjoy :)

01 Cell The basic functional unit of all living organisms
Important definitions (Clitheroe, 2011)
04 Eukaryotic Multicellular organisms with a membrane bound and
complex nucleus and other organelles- DNA is in nucleus.
02 Organelles The smaller structures within cells
05
Light
microscope Light is shone/refracted through a specimen to enlarge
it
03 Prokaryotic
Unicellular organism with no membrane bound nucleus
or other organelles – DNA is in a nucleoid
06
Electron
Microscope Beam of electrons (negative) are passed through
an object to magnify it

arts
and
functions
of
a
light
microscope
(Clitheroe,
2011)

The Plant and
Animal cell-
Recap

Based on what you remember about
cells from Grade 7-9, Complete this
activity! (Hold ctrl key and click)
Don’t worry, if you get stuck. Just
hover your mouse on the organelle
and it will tell you it's function https://lawrencehallofscience.org/apps/sepup/simulations/cell_sim/
(Hall, 2024)

Labelled Plant cell (Mokobi, 2020)

Maintains the plant cells rigid/fixed shape
Protection of the plant cells contents
Contains 3 strengthening fibres
Lignin- strengthening cell wall
Pectin – add flexibility
cellulose- polysaccharide that makes up
cell walls
Plasmodesmata- pores joining PLANT cells
together- allow for exchange of solutes
Middle lamella- Stick adjacent plant cells together
Cell wall (Mokobi, 2020)

Lipid that Adds
selectivity to the
cell membrane
Phosphate
molecule
1 Glycogen and 1
fatty acid
Allow molecules and
solutes to pass through
the membrane (Mokobi,
2020)
Cell
membrane

Cytoplasm
1. Matrix (fluid) in which all organelles of a cell is suspended within
(Mokobi, 2020)
2. Transports substances
3. Allows for chemical reactions to occur in a cell
4. Provides shape to a cell

Only present in plant cells – assist with
regulative and life processes (Mokobi, 2020)
Provide colour to
the flowers and
fruit of plant
Stores starch, and
produces 3 specialized
plastids (Mokobi, 2020)
Produce and
store starch
Stores protein
and food
Stores fats
and lipids
Covert into
chloroplasts when
exposed to light

Plate-like
structure that
stores
chlorophyll
Contains a
stack of
thylakoids
Membrane
that joins
grana
together
Store products of
photosynthesis
Allows
chloroplast to
replicate itself
Provide energy
to carry out
photosynthesis
Main function:
Photosynthesis
Matrix that all
the components
of organelles are
suspended in.
(Clitheroe, 2011)
O2 diffuses
out, CO2
diffuses in

1. Stores water in a plant
2. Prevent excess uptake of water
(regulate osmotic potential)
3. Stores minerals, O2, cellular
waste and pigments (Mokobi,
2020)
Membrane of vacuole

Main function: Produce ATP for cellular
respiration
“Powerhouse of the cell” (Mokobi, 2020)
Folds= + surface
area for cellular
respiration
Ensures there's enough energy for
cellular respiration to take place
Allows for
replication
Convoluted with
Cristae
Suspends all
structures + allows
for chemical
reactions to take
place

Nuclear pore- transport between the nucleus and rest of the cell
Nucleolus- produce rRNA
Chromatin- contains genetic material of the
cell= chromosomes
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus=
Control
functioning of
cell (Mokobi,
2020)
Contains ribosomes for
protein synthesis +
package proteins to
Golgi body (Mokobi,
2020)
In Liver= helps to
break down alcohol
and lipids (detox
process)
Protein
synthesis

Main Function- Package proteins and sends
it to other places in the cell (Mokobi, 2020)
.

Round + single
membrane =
intracellular
digestion
(Mokobi, 2020)

Comparing plant and animal cells (Petty-Weidrick,
2020)

nnotated
Animal
Ce
(Haleo,
2016)

Annotated Plant cell (Clitheroe,
2011)

Try this activity :) (Ctrl + click)
https://wordwall.net/resource/5513141
(Vedantiladekar, 2020)

If you want to further explore cells- try
this lovely game
https://education.minecraft.net/en-us/lessons/eukaryotic-cells
(Minecraft, n.d.)

Finally try this quiz to end of the topic
https://quizizz.com/embed/quiz/5f85d0b4eb3b3b001b4666d1
(Brewer, 2017)

Reference list
Brewer, N. (2017, March 19). Plant and animal cells. Quizizz.
https://quizizz.com/embed/quiz/5f85d0b4eb3b3b001b4666d1
Clitheroe, F. (2011). Cells: The Basic Units of Life. In Focus Life Sciences : Learner’s Book : Grade 10 (pp.
32–46). Maskew Miller Longman.
Haleo. (2016, April 23). Cells. Haleo. https://www.haleo.co.uk/the-body/cells/
Hall, L. (2024). Cell Simulation. Lawrencehallofscience.org.
https://lawrencehallofscience.org/apps/sepup/simulations/cell_sim/
Minecraft. (n.d.). Homepage | Minecraft Education Edition. Education.minecraft.net.
https://education.minecraft.net/en-us/homepage
Mokobi, F. (2020, February 22). Plant cell- definition, labeled diagram, structure, parts, organelles. Online
Microbiology Notes. https://microbenotes.com/plant-cell/
Petty-Weidrick, K. (2020, October 6). 140 ideas de Plant cell | biología, ilustración de botánica, temas de
biologia. Pinterest. https://za.pinterest.com/pin/68742052037/
Vedantiladekar. (2020, October 19). Plant cell And Animal cell. Wordwall - Create Better Lessons Quicker.
https://wordwall.net/resource/5513141/plant-cell-and-animal-cell

Image Reference
Aryal, S. (Ed.). (2023, September 16). Plant cell: Structure, parts, functions, labeled
diagram. Microbe Notes [image]. https://microbenotes.com/plant-cell/
Clitheroe, F. (2019). Diagram of a plant cell [image] in Focus Life Sciences Grade 10
learner's book. Maskew Miller Longman.
Haleo. (2016, April 23). Cells [image]. Haleo. https://www.haleo.co.uk/the-body/cells/

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