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Lisa Evans

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Avocados Australia

Researchers in New Zealand studied avocado flower morphology and fruit set. They found that hand pollination increased fruit set by 30 times compared to natural pollination. Removing flowers from the tips of inflorescences increased fruit set 5 times more than removing flowers from the bases. While determinate and indeterminate trees showed no difference in fruit set, adding pollen was found to be limiting and increasing pollination can help boost avocado production.

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The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Avocado Fruit set Mark Goodwin, Lisa Evans and Heather McBrydie
Aim: To see if we can determine which flowers will set fruit. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Introduction: Morphology Pollinators Fruit set Summary The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Lisa Evans
Female phase Male phase The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Morning - Female Day 1 Morning Male Closed Afternoon Female Day 2 Morning - Male The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Morning - Female Day 1 Morning Male Closed Afternoon Female Day 2 Afternoon - Male The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Afternoon - Female Day 1 Morning Female Closed Afternoon Male Day 2 Morning - Male
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Lisa Evans
Lisa Evans
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate Indeterminate The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 Indeterminate 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 Indeterminate 20 23793 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 56 Indeterminate 20 23793 40 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 56 0.18 Indeterminate 20 23793 40 0.24 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
0.7 0.6 0.5 Percent fruit set 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Inflorescence The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 Base 20 Control 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 Base 20 Control 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 32 0.398 Base 20 7 0.087 Control 20 35 0.225 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Hand pollination Treatment No. of No. of No. of No. of Average trees replicates flowers fruit % fruit set (19/02/09) Determinate 11 14 277 Indeterminate 11 14 287 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Hand pollination Treatment No. of No. of No. of No. of Average trees replicates flowers fruit % fruit set (19/02/09) Determinate 11 14 277 16 5.7 Indeterminate 11 14 287 13 4.6 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
8 6 Percent fruit set 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 Control Hand pollinated The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Lisa Evans
Summary No determinate/indeterminate effect Base tip effect 5X Pollen added effect 30x Suggests pollination limiting The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Conclusion We can increase fruit set by adding pollen The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Next season Repeat last season Distribution of fruit on trees relative to pollinizers Repeat pollinations - 5 Flowers per inflorescence Check hand pollinations Possibly look at bee movements The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited www.plantandfood.com mark.goodwin@plantandfood.co.nz

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Lisa Evans

  • 1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Avocado Fruit set Mark Goodwin, Lisa Evans and Heather McBrydie
  • 2. Aim: To see if we can determine which flowers will set fruit. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 3. Introduction: Morphology Pollinators Fruit set Summary The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 5. Female phase Male phase The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 6. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 7. Morning - Female Day 1 Morning Male Closed Afternoon Female Day 2 Morning - Male The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 8. Morning - Female Day 1 Morning Male Closed Afternoon Female Day 2 Afternoon - Male The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 9. Afternoon - Female Day 1 Morning Female Closed Afternoon Male Day 2 Morning - Male
  • 10. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 13. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 14. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 15. Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate Indeterminate The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 16. Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 Indeterminate 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 17. Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 Indeterminate 20 23793 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 18. Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 56 Indeterminate 20 23793 40 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 19. Determinate vs. indeterminate Treatment No. of No. of flowers No. of fruit Average % trees (19/02/09) fruit set Determinate 20 29865 56 0.18 Indeterminate 20 23793 40 0.24 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 20. 0.7 0.6 0.5 Percent fruit set 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Inflorescence The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 21. Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 Base 20 Control 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 22. Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 Base 20 Control 20 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 23. Inflorescence removal Treatment No. of trees No. of fruit (19/02/09) Average % set Tip 20 32 0.398 Base 20 7 0.087 Control 20 35 0.225 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 24. Hand pollination Treatment No. of No. of No. of No. of Average trees replicates flowers fruit % fruit set (19/02/09) Determinate 11 14 277 Indeterminate 11 14 287 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 25. Hand pollination Treatment No. of No. of No. of No. of Average trees replicates flowers fruit % fruit set (19/02/09) Determinate 11 14 277 16 5.7 Indeterminate 11 14 287 13 4.6 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 26. 8 6 Percent fruit set 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 Control Hand pollinated The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 28. Summary No determinate/indeterminate effect Base tip effect 5X Pollen added effect 30x Suggests pollination limiting The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 29. Conclusion We can increase fruit set by adding pollen The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 30. Next season Repeat last season Distribution of fruit on trees relative to pollinizers Repeat pollinations - 5 Flowers per inflorescence Check hand pollinations Possibly look at bee movements The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
  • 31. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited www.plantandfood.com mark.goodwin@plantandfood.co.nz