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Looping

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Unit Kediaman Luar Kampus
Unit Kediaman Luar Kampus

This document discusses control structures called repetitions or loops in programming. It describes three types of loops: while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. It provides examples of how to write each type of loop in C++ and explains how the counter variable is incremented or decremented with each loop iteration. Nested loops and loops with sentinel values are also mentioned.

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Chapter 4: Control Structure Repetitions/Loops
Objectives State the types of repetitions Differentiate among three types of repetitions Build a simple program to solve a problem using repetitions
pretest Repetitions structure The expression (syarat) is evaluated, before the loop body is executed. If the result of evaluation is true. the loop body is executed. Following this, control goes back to the expression and is evaluated again. This continues until the expression computes to a value of false. If the expression produce of false, the loop body is bypassed and the program control drops down to the statement.
Looping
Looping
Posttest repetition statement First executes the loop body and then computes the expression (syarat). If the expression is true, the loop body is executed again; otherwise the repetition terminates.
Looping
Looping
Repetitions with counter value (nilai pembilang) Nilai Pembilang Hasil dari pelaksanaan arahan nilai pembilang i++ Nilai pembilang iaitu i ditambah dengan satu i-- Nilai pembilang i dikurangkan dengan satu i+=2 Nilai pembilang i ditambah dengan 2 i*=2 Nilai pembilang i didarab dengan 2
While loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i=0; while ( i <= 5 ) { cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; i++; } }
do while loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i=0; do { cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; i++; } while ( i <=5); }
For loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i; for (i=0; i<=5; i++) cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; }
For loops with counter Sintaksis: for (pembolehubah = nilai_awalan; syarat; pembilang) Blok arahan { senarai penyataan; : : }
Loops with sentinel value we dont know the number of loops will execute. For example, we dont know how many items bought by customer. Refer to Rajah 4.8 page# 62
Nested Loop In a nested loop, one loop referred to as the inner loop and one is called the outer loop.

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Looping

  • 1. Chapter 4: Control Structure Repetitions/Loops
  • 2. Objectives State the types of repetitions Differentiate among three types of repetitions Build a simple program to solve a problem using repetitions
  • 3. pretest Repetitions structure The expression (syarat) is evaluated, before the loop body is executed. If the result of evaluation is true. the loop body is executed. Following this, control goes back to the expression and is evaluated again. This continues until the expression computes to a value of false. If the expression produce of false, the loop body is bypassed and the program control drops down to the statement.
  • 6. Posttest repetition statement First executes the loop body and then computes the expression (syarat). If the expression is true, the loop body is executed again; otherwise the repetition terminates.
  • 9. Repetitions with counter value (nilai pembilang) Nilai Pembilang Hasil dari pelaksanaan arahan nilai pembilang i++ Nilai pembilang iaitu i ditambah dengan satu i-- Nilai pembilang i dikurangkan dengan satu i+=2 Nilai pembilang i ditambah dengan 2 i*=2 Nilai pembilang i didarab dengan 2
  • 10. While loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i=0; while ( i <= 5 ) { cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; i++; } }
  • 11. do while loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i=0; do { cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; i++; } while ( i <=5); }
  • 12. For loop #include<iostream.h> main() { int i; for (i=0; i<=5; i++) cout<<"n Welcome to while statement"; }
  • 13. For loops with counter Sintaksis: for (pembolehubah = nilai_awalan; syarat; pembilang) Blok arahan { senarai penyataan; : : }
  • 14. Loops with sentinel value we dont know the number of loops will execute. For example, we dont know how many items bought by customer. Refer to Rajah 4.8 page# 62
  • 15. Nested Loop In a nested loop, one loop referred to as the inner loop and one is called the outer loop.