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LOOP IN
PROGRAMMING
LECTURE 3
MUQADDAS BIN TAHIR

LECTURE
CONTENTS
Purpose of LOOP
1
Types of LOOP
2
Format of Loop
3
Examples of LOOP
4
Different facts about LOOP
5

A loop in programming is a control
structure that allows a block of code to be
executed repeatedly, based on a specified
condition. Loops are useful when we need
to perform a repetitive task, reducing the
amount of code we write and making
programs more efficient.
PURPOSE OF LOOP

There are three common types of loops in
C++:
1.for loop
2.while loop
3.do-while loop
TYPES OF LOOP

A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to
efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of
times.
Syntax
The syntax of a for loop in C++ is −
for ( init; condition; increment ) {
statement(s);
FOR LOOP

• In a for loop, the initialization step runs first and only once, allowing you
to declare and initialize loop control variables. You can leave it empty,
but a semicolon is required.
• Next, the condition is checked. If true, the loop body executes; if false,
control moves to the statement after the loop.
• After the loop body runs, control moves to the increment step, which
can also be empty but requires a semicolon.
• The condition is then rechecked. If true, the loop repeats (body,
increment, condition). Once the condition is false, the loop ends.
FOR LOOP

EXAMPLE 1
LOOP
Here’s a simple algorithm to print the message "I Love
Pakistan" 7 times using a loop:
for (int i = 1; i <= 7; i++)
{
cout << "I Love Pakistan" << endl;
}

EXAMPLE 2 LOOP
Here’s a C++ program to print counting from 1 to 500 using a
for loop:
• The for loop starts with i = 1 and continues as long as i <=
500.
• It increments i by 1 in each iteration and prints the value
of i.
for (int i = 1; i <= 500; i++)
{
cout << i << " ";

EXAMPLE 2 LOOP
• Here’s a C++ program to display even numbers from 1 to
100 using a for loop and an if condition:
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
cout << i << " ";
}
}

FACT 1
Nested Loops:
Loops can be nested inside other
loops, allowing you to perform
complex iterations. For instance, in a
two-dimensional array, a nested loop
is used to iterate through rows and
columns. However, care must be
taken as nested loops can
significantly increase time complexity.

FACT 2
Infinite Loops:
A loop can run indefinitely if its exit
condition is never met, resulting in
an infinite loop. While infinite
loops can be useful in certain
scenarios like event listeners, they
often occur by mistake and can
crash programs or consume
excessive resources if not handled

FACT 3
Break and Continue Statements:
Loops can be controlled using the
break and continue statements.
The break statement immediately
exits the loop, while continue skips
the current iteration and proceeds
with the next one. These are handy
when certain conditions inside the
loop need to be handled

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