Low Level Graphics & OpenGL

Nov 30, 20181 like245 views

This talk explains how low level graphics works, the OpenGL rendering pipeline, and digs into pixel buffering techniques, and even includes some example code and demos.

Dominic Farolino
• twitter.com/domfarolino

• github.com/domfarolino

• dom@chromium.org
• Senior

• Chromium Committer

• WHATWG Editor

–some smart person
“Converting object description > 2D image plane representation”
Rendering

“Object Description”
Geometric
serialization of
shape to be painted

“Object Description”
Geometric
serialization of
shape to be painted
= Vector graphic

–some smart person
“Converting vector graphic > 2D image plane representation”
Rendering

Raster vs Vector {ization}
Raytracing
Radiosity

Practical Difference
• Rasterizations

• Complex shapes + ﬁlled areas

• Trouble producing smooth lines = blocky

Practical Difference
• Rasterizations

• Complex shapes + ﬁlled areas

• Trouble producing smooth lines = blocky
• Vectorizations

• Perfectly smooth lines

• Less versatile

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows
• Tons of APIs

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows
• Tons of APIs
• 3D GFX API (Direct3D)

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows
• Tons of APIs
• 3D GFX API (Direct3D)
• 2D | |

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows
• Tons of APIs
• 3D GFX API (Direct3D)
• 2D | |
• Input

DirectX
• Released with Windows 95
• Included in every version of Windows
• Tons of APIs
• 3D GFX API (Direct3D)
• 2D | |
• Input
• Audio

OpenGL
• Alternative to DirectX
• Basically same functionality

OpenGL
• Alternative to DirectX
• Basically same functionality
• Pros:

OpenGL
• Alternative to DirectX
• Basically same functionality
• Pros:
• Very-cross platform

OpenGL
• Alternative to DirectX
• Basically same functionality
• Pros:
• Very-cross platform
• OPEN STANDARD (Khronos Group)

Graphics Card
Graphics Card Drivers
Graphics APIs

Graphics Card
Graphics Card Drivers
Graphics APIs
Game Engines

Graphics Card
Graphics Card Drivers
Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
Physics

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
A.I.Physics

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics
Collision
Detection

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics
Collision
Detection
Audio Manip.

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics
Collision
Detection
Audio Manip.
SDL2

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics
Collision
Detection
Audio Manip.
SDL2 SFML

Graphics APIs
Game Engines
You, the gamer!!
LightingA.I.Physics
Collision
Detection
Audio Manip.
SDL2 SFML GLFW

SDL(2)
• Simple DirectMedia Layer 2
• macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows

SDL(2)
• Simple DirectMedia Layer 2
• macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows
• Game development library

SDL(2)
• Simple DirectMedia Layer 2
• macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows
• Game development library
• ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥
• Game engine??

SDL(2)
• Simple DirectMedia Layer 2
• macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows
• Game development library
• ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥
• Game engine??
• Used in many game engines (Valve Source)

Why SDL?
• OpenGL doesn’t specify:
• Window creation

Why SDL?
• OpenGL doesn’t specify:
• Window creation
• Input handling

Why SDL?
• OpenGL doesn’t specify:
• Window creation
• Input handling
• More…

Vertices
(VBO)
Data of any format
Vertex
Shader
(On the GPU)

Vertices
(VBO)
Data of any format
Vertex
Shader
(On the GPU)
Rasterization
(On the GPU)

Fragment
Shader
Blending and
sampling
(On the GPU)(On the GPU)

Fragment
Shader
Blending and
sampling
(On the GPU)
Final output
image!
(On the GPU)

Getting rid of screen tears?
@domfarolino

Synchronizing Vertical Refresh
Rate
@domfarolino

Cool, but what about the web?
@domfarolino

Pooya Eimandar is a game engine developer and CEO who has worked on several game engines including Wolf.Engine and Persian Game Engine. The document discusses the evolution of GPU APIs such as OpenGL, DirectX, and newer APIs like Vulkan and DirectX 12. It covers how newer APIs provide lower overhead and more direct GPU control through explicit memory management and multithreaded command buffers. Sample code is provided showing texture loading in OpenGL and Vulkan.

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Low Level Graphics & OpenGL

1. Graphics and Libraries

2. Dominic Farolino • twitter.com/domfarolino • github.com/domfarolino • dom@chromium.org • Senior • Chromium Committer • WHATWG Editor

3. What is this talk? @domfarolino

4. Rendering @domfarolino

5. Graphics APIs @domfarolino

6. OpenGL + Graphics Pipeline @domfarolino

7. Pixel Buffering & V-Sync @domfarolino

8. WebGL @domfarolino

9. –some smart person “Converting object description > 2D image plane representation” Rendering

10. “Object Description”

11. “Object Description” Geometric serialization of shape to be painted

12. “Object Description” Geometric serialization of shape to be painted = Vector graphic

13. –some smart person “Converting vector graphic > 2D image plane representation” Rendering

14. Raster vs Vector {ization}

15. Raster vs Vector {ization} Raytracing

16. Raster vs Vector {ization} Raytracing Radiosity

21. Practical Difference

22. Practical Difference • Rasterizations • Complex shapes + ﬁlled areas • Trouble producing smooth lines = blocky

23. Practical Difference • Rasterizations • Complex shapes + ﬁlled areas • Trouble producing smooth lines = blocky • Vectorizations • Perfectly smooth lines • Less versatile

24. How do we actually do this stuff?

25. GFX APIs

26. Why?

30. DirectX

31. DirectX • Released with Windows 95

32. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows

33. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows • Tons of APIs

34. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows • Tons of APIs • 3D GFX API (Direct3D)

35. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows • Tons of APIs • 3D GFX API (Direct3D) • 2D | |

36. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows • Tons of APIs • 3D GFX API (Direct3D) • 2D | | • Input

37. DirectX • Released with Windows 95 • Included in every version of Windows • Tons of APIs • 3D GFX API (Direct3D) • 2D | | • Input • Audio

38. OpenGL

39. OpenGL • Alternative to DirectX

40. OpenGL • Alternative to DirectX • Basically same functionality

41. OpenGL • Alternative to DirectX • Basically same functionality • Pros:

42. OpenGL • Alternative to DirectX • Basically same functionality • Pros: • Very-cross platform

43. OpenGL • Alternative to DirectX • Basically same functionality • Pros: • Very-cross platform • OPEN STANDARD (Khronos Group)

45. Graphics Card

46. Graphics Card Graphics Card Drivers

47. Graphics Card Graphics Card Drivers Graphics APIs

48. Graphics Card Graphics Card Drivers Graphics APIs Game Engines

49. Graphics Card Graphics Card Drivers Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!!

50. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!!

51. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! Physics

52. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! A.I.Physics

53. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics

54. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection

55. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection Audio Manip.

56. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection Audio Manip.

57. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection Audio Manip. SDL2

58. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection Audio Manip. SDL2 SFML

59. Graphics APIs Game Engines You, the gamer!! LightingA.I.Physics Collision Detection Audio Manip. SDL2 SFML GLFW

60. SDL(2)

61. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2

62. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows

63. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows • Game development library

64. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows • Game development library • ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥

65. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows • Game development library • ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥 • Game engine??

66. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows • Game development library • ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥 • Game engine?? • Used in many game engines (Valve Source)

67. SDL(2) • Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 • macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows • Game development library • ⌨ + 🐭 + 📢 + 🕹 + 🖥 • Game engine?? • Used in many game engines (Valve Source)

68. Why SDL?

69. Why SDL? • OpenGL doesn’t specify:

70. Why SDL? • OpenGL doesn’t specify: • Window creation

71. Why SDL? • OpenGL doesn’t specify: • Window creation • Input handling

72. Why SDL? • OpenGL doesn’t specify: • Window creation • Input handling • More…

79. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format

80. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format Vertex Shader (On the GPU)

81. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format Vertex Shader (On the GPU)

82. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format Vertex Shader (On the GPU) Rasterization (On the GPU)

83. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format Vertex Shader (On the GPU) Rasterization (On the GPU)

84. Vertices (VBO) Data of any format Vertex Shader (On the GPU) Rasterization (On the GPU)

85. Fragment Shader (On the GPU)