Lymphatic flow characterization
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Characterization of lymphatic fluid flow in vivo in Wild-type Mice: This poster describes my current research work at UMass - BioFluids and Vascular Biology laboratory. The poster was presented at Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES) 2016 annual meeting.
![Characterization of Lymphatic Fluid Flow in vivo in Wild-type Mice
Akshay S. Pujari1, Daniel T. Sweet2, Mark L. Kahn2, Juan M. Jim辿nez1
1Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
2Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
MATERIALAND METHODS
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Absence of a central pumping organ yields highly variable lymphatic
flow cycles..
Although lymphatic valves are present, lymph flow commonly
reverses.
Reverse flow time fraction is similar for neighboring lymphangions
Lymphatic valves promote lymph flow recirculation zones.
Lymphatic vessels demonstrate a universal pumping behavior..
In contrast to the blood circulatory system, the lymphatic system
lacks a central pumping organ dictating the predominant driving
pressure and velocity of lymph. Transport of lymph via
capillaries, pre-collector and collecting lymphatic vessels relies
on the synergy between pressure gradients, local tissue motion,
valves and lymphatic vessel contractility. This lack of centralized
pumping enables local lymph transport regulation yielding
irregular lymph flow cycles ranging from seconds to
minutes. This level of irregularity increases the complexity when
attempting to elucidate lymph fluid flow characteristics and their
role in the transport of cells and macromolecules in the lymphatic
system. Furthermore, the presence of lymphatic valves introduces
boundary conditions that yield spatial and temporal flow gradients
further complicating lymph transport. Here we employ 4-week-
old wild type mice to study the transport of fluorescent tracers in
efferent lymph vessels carrying lymph from subdermal inguinal
lymph nodes .and lymphatic vessel pumping characteristics.
Five 袖L FluoSpheres [580/605] 1 袖m latex particles were injected
at a concentration of 1108 beads/mL into the inguinal lymph
node anesthetized wild type mice. Particle displacement through
efferent lymphatic vessels was imaged with an Olympus MVX10
dissecting microscope. Particle displacement was tracked using
ImageJ and Imaris software. Lymphatic endothelial Prox1-GFP
marker enabled lymphatic vessel edge detection and vessel
tracking motion.
Figure 2. Comparison of average diameter for three neighboring lymphangions.
Results from vessel motion tracking demonstrate contractility of
lymphatic vessels. Mouse 1 vessel contractility varied between 0
and 16 percent (Figure 2). The pumping period tracked was 17.6
seconds. In contrast, mouse 2 demonstrates temporally varying
lymphatic pumping periods (Figure 3). Phase difference between
neighboring lymphangions varied between 5 and 73 degrees (Table
1). Although the net lymph flow direction is forward, lymph flow
reverses frequently (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Comparison of average diameter for two neighboring lymphangions.
Reverse flow is common along with varying period lengths.
Figure 4 is showing the normalized vessel diameter contractility for
a normalized time period T*, which equals the period time divided
by the length of the pumping period. Normalized vessel
contractility seems to follow a universal vessel motion similar for
the two neighboring lymphangions compared.
Cycle number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phase difference (degrees) 40.91 38.75 12.1 25.46 18.00 10.11 6.84 19.43
Reverse
flow
(%)
Left lymphangion 37.5 17.0 0 39.0 54.8 66.0 0 0
Right lymphangion 32.0 22.5 0 35.0 57.5 67.0 0 0
Figure 1. Lymphatic vessel nomenclature.
Vessel diameter, D-, was calculated by integrating the cross
sectional imaged area of the vessel divided by the average of
LUpper and LLower (Figure 1).
RESULTS
Table 1. Comparison of contractility phase difference between neighboring
lymphangions average diameter for three neighboring lymphangions. . Duration
of flow reversal varied from cycle to cycle.
Figure 4. Normalized vessel diameter motion for eight different cycles for the
left, -----, and right, -----, neighboring lymphangions.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under NIH
grants HL107617, HL007439 and HL103432.
Figure 5. Pathlines of fluorescent particles in the lymphatic vessel of a live
mouse.
Figure 5 demonstrates the path of fluorescent particles for about 4.1
seconds in the lymphatic vessel of a mouse. The trajectory of
particles is highly influenced by the valves. Lymphatic valves
promote the separation of flow and ensuing recirculation zones.
Irregular particle motion is frequently observed potentially due to
lymphocyte collisions.
RESULTS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bmeslymphflowcharacterizationposter-161006025429/85/Lymphatic-flow-characterization-1-320.jpg)
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Lymphatic flow characterization
- 1. Characterization of Lymphatic Fluid Flow in vivo in Wild-type Mice Akshay S. Pujari1, Daniel T. Sweet2, Mark L. Kahn2, Juan M. Jim辿nez1 1Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 2Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA MATERIALAND METHODS CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTRODUCTION Absence of a central pumping organ yields highly variable lymphatic flow cycles.. Although lymphatic valves are present, lymph flow commonly reverses. Reverse flow time fraction is similar for neighboring lymphangions Lymphatic valves promote lymph flow recirculation zones. Lymphatic vessels demonstrate a universal pumping behavior.. In contrast to the blood circulatory system, the lymphatic system lacks a central pumping organ dictating the predominant driving pressure and velocity of lymph. Transport of lymph via capillaries, pre-collector and collecting lymphatic vessels relies on the synergy between pressure gradients, local tissue motion, valves and lymphatic vessel contractility. This lack of centralized pumping enables local lymph transport regulation yielding irregular lymph flow cycles ranging from seconds to minutes. This level of irregularity increases the complexity when attempting to elucidate lymph fluid flow characteristics and their role in the transport of cells and macromolecules in the lymphatic system. Furthermore, the presence of lymphatic valves introduces boundary conditions that yield spatial and temporal flow gradients further complicating lymph transport. Here we employ 4-week- old wild type mice to study the transport of fluorescent tracers in efferent lymph vessels carrying lymph from subdermal inguinal lymph nodes .and lymphatic vessel pumping characteristics. Five 袖L FluoSpheres [580/605] 1 袖m latex particles were injected at a concentration of 1108 beads/mL into the inguinal lymph node anesthetized wild type mice. Particle displacement through efferent lymphatic vessels was imaged with an Olympus MVX10 dissecting microscope. Particle displacement was tracked using ImageJ and Imaris software. Lymphatic endothelial Prox1-GFP marker enabled lymphatic vessel edge detection and vessel tracking motion. Figure 2. Comparison of average diameter for three neighboring lymphangions. Results from vessel motion tracking demonstrate contractility of lymphatic vessels. Mouse 1 vessel contractility varied between 0 and 16 percent (Figure 2). The pumping period tracked was 17.6 seconds. In contrast, mouse 2 demonstrates temporally varying lymphatic pumping periods (Figure 3). Phase difference between neighboring lymphangions varied between 5 and 73 degrees (Table 1). Although the net lymph flow direction is forward, lymph flow reverses frequently (Figure 3). Figure 3. Comparison of average diameter for two neighboring lymphangions. Reverse flow is common along with varying period lengths. Figure 4 is showing the normalized vessel diameter contractility for a normalized time period T*, which equals the period time divided by the length of the pumping period. Normalized vessel contractility seems to follow a universal vessel motion similar for the two neighboring lymphangions compared. Cycle number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Phase difference (degrees) 40.91 38.75 12.1 25.46 18.00 10.11 6.84 19.43 Reverse flow (%) Left lymphangion 37.5 17.0 0 39.0 54.8 66.0 0 0 Right lymphangion 32.0 22.5 0 35.0 57.5 67.0 0 0 Figure 1. Lymphatic vessel nomenclature. Vessel diameter, D-, was calculated by integrating the cross sectional imaged area of the vessel divided by the average of LUpper and LLower (Figure 1). RESULTS Table 1. Comparison of contractility phase difference between neighboring lymphangions average diameter for three neighboring lymphangions. . Duration of flow reversal varied from cycle to cycle. Figure 4. Normalized vessel diameter motion for eight different cycles for the left, -----, and right, -----, neighboring lymphangions. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under NIH grants HL107617, HL007439 and HL103432. Figure 5. Pathlines of fluorescent particles in the lymphatic vessel of a live mouse. Figure 5 demonstrates the path of fluorescent particles for about 4.1 seconds in the lymphatic vessel of a mouse. The trajectory of particles is highly influenced by the valves. Lymphatic valves promote the separation of flow and ensuing recirculation zones. Irregular particle motion is frequently observed potentially due to lymphocyte collisions. RESULTS