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Lysine

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Sohail_Ilyas
Sohail_Ilyas

This document discusses the production of lysine, an essential amino acid used in animal feed and food additives. It notes that lysine is produced through fermentation using microorganisms like Corynebacterium glutamicum, and outlines the industrial fermentation process involving large fed-batch reactors. Global production of lysine has increased over time, reaching 450,000 metric tons annually by 2000. Recovery involves acidifying the fermentation broth and passing it through a cation exchange resin to isolate lysine crystals.

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Sohail Ilyas University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan sohail17@hotmail.com 1
2 Lysine: To Feed or Not to Feed Simone Houng CHEE 450 Engineering Biotechnology
3 In general ♦ One of 8 essential amino acids ♦ Critical for poultry and hog feed ♦ Food additive – 500-3,000 mg daily ♦ Calcium absorption, collagen formation ♦ Used as a supplement to treat herpes simplex
4 What’s Done is Done ♦ 1960s- fermentation from dextrose (Japan) ♦ 1980s- 3 main producers: Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko (Japan), Sewon (South Korea) – ADM and collusion scandal
5 To Market, To Market… ♦ 1997: 350,000 t/yr ♦ 2000: 450, 000 t/yr (660 million Euro) ♦ Cost per kilogram: $1.5 (2000) ♦ This Week: $4/kg (China), $6/kg (Europe) www.efeedlink.com
6 Synthesis ♦ Fermentation 80%, chemical synthesis 20% ♦ Two (2) routes: – DAP pathway – α-aminoadipate pathway ♦ C sources: cane molasses, beet sugar, starch hydrolyzate
7 A Bug’s Life ♦ Corynebacterium glutamicum (Major), but also Escherichia coli and Brevibacterium flavum, B. lactofermentum ♦ cultivated on complete medium at [cell] of 106 -108 cell/ml ♦ penicillin enrichment method after treatment by UV or 60 Co
8 Recovery (1) broth acidified with mineral acid (2) passed thru strongly acidic cation exchange resin (NH4 + ) (3) eluted with dilute NH3, condensed under reduced pressure. (4) pH to 4.0 with HCl, concentrated again. (5) crystals of L-lysine monohydrochloride are separated and dried.
9 Industrial Production ♦ Follows DAP pathway ♦ Homoserine limitation, with moderate biotin ♦ Neutral pH (~7.0), temp = 30o C ♦ Preferred process: multistep, fed-batch reactor ≥ hundreds of m3
10 Shanghai NewGenius BioTech Co. Ltd ♦ Produced by: Corynebacterium glutamicum ♦ Raw material: starch hydrolysate ♦ [L-Lysine]= 10~12%. ♦ Fermentation: 56~64 hours in 110 m3 fermenter ♦ Yield =40% ♦ Recovery: 86% ♦ Final purity: 99%.

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Lysine

  • 1. Sohail Ilyas University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan sohail17@hotmail.com 1
  • 2. 2 Lysine: To Feed or Not to Feed Simone Houng CHEE 450 Engineering Biotechnology
  • 3. 3 In general ♦ One of 8 essential amino acids ♦ Critical for poultry and hog feed ♦ Food additive – 500-3,000 mg daily ♦ Calcium absorption, collagen formation ♦ Used as a supplement to treat herpes simplex
  • 4. 4 What’s Done is Done ♦ 1960s- fermentation from dextrose (Japan) ♦ 1980s- 3 main producers: Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko (Japan), Sewon (South Korea) – ADM and collusion scandal
  • 5. 5 To Market, To Market… ♦ 1997: 350,000 t/yr ♦ 2000: 450, 000 t/yr (660 million Euro) ♦ Cost per kilogram: $1.5 (2000) ♦ This Week: $4/kg (China), $6/kg (Europe) www.efeedlink.com
  • 6. 6 Synthesis ♦ Fermentation 80%, chemical synthesis 20% ♦ Two (2) routes: – DAP pathway – α-aminoadipate pathway ♦ C sources: cane molasses, beet sugar, starch hydrolyzate
  • 7. 7 A Bug’s Life ♦ Corynebacterium glutamicum (Major), but also Escherichia coli and Brevibacterium flavum, B. lactofermentum ♦ cultivated on complete medium at [cell] of 106 -108 cell/ml ♦ penicillin enrichment method after treatment by UV or 60 Co
  • 8. 8 Recovery (1) broth acidified with mineral acid (2) passed thru strongly acidic cation exchange resin (NH4 + ) (3) eluted with dilute NH3, condensed under reduced pressure. (4) pH to 4.0 with HCl, concentrated again. (5) crystals of L-lysine monohydrochloride are separated and dried.
  • 9. 9 Industrial Production ♦ Follows DAP pathway ♦ Homoserine limitation, with moderate biotin ♦ Neutral pH (~7.0), temp = 30o C ♦ Preferred process: multistep, fed-batch reactor ≥ hundreds of m3
  • 10. 10 Shanghai NewGenius BioTech Co. Ltd ♦ Produced by: Corynebacterium glutamicum ♦ Raw material: starch hydrolysate ♦ [L-Lysine]= 10~12%. ♦ Fermentation: 56~64 hours in 110 m3 fermenter ♦ Yield =40% ♦ Recovery: 86% ♦ Final purity: 99%.