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Study on use of personal listening devices and it's effect on hearing

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Anna Issac
Anna Issac

This study aimed to identify patterns of personal listening device (PLD) usage and its effects on hearing acuity among college students. A questionnaire and audiometry tests were used to assess PLD usage habits, duration and volume levels, and detect any hearing loss. The results found that 32.5% of students frequently use PLDs, most commonly earbuds. While the majority had normal hearing, 43.5% showed abnormal acuity on tests. Higher volume, frequency and longer duration of PLD use were associated with greater hearing loss. The study provides insight into students' listening habits and risks of overusing PLDs at high volumes.

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Study Presentation
Introduction • Rapid technological advances have revolutionized personal listening devices, leading to an electronics market dominated by Walkman, iPod and other brands of MP3 players. • 91% of all people on earth have a mobile phone. • India is the second largest mobile phone user in the world. 70.08% of total population of India uses mobile phones. In Kerala and Lakshadweep alone there are 34.51 million mobile phone users3. • Nowadays even mobile phones come equipped with earphones and cater a variety of functions like playing music, videos, movies and also games.
• Most of the MP3 players today can produce sounds up to 120 decibel • At that level, hearing loss can occur after only about an hour and 15 minutes. • The use of earbuds (earphones) placed directly into the ear can amplify the sound signals by as much as six to nine dB
• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reported 10.7% of population suffering from hearing impairment is due to earphone use
• Serious injuries to pedestrians listening to headphones have more than tripled • Researchers reviewed 116 accident cases from 2004 to 2011 in which injured pedestrians were documented to be using headphones
• In addition to the structural damage personal listening devices can cause to the inner ear, these devices leads to spending more time in isolation than interacting with others. This can cause social and emotional problems for children
TITLE OF THE STUDY Patterns of usage of personal listening devices (PLDs) and its effect on hearing acuity among degree students.
Purpose of the study Identify the patterns of usage of personal listening devices and its effect on hearing acuity of degree students and to create awareness regarding the potential harmful effects of listening to loud noises.
Statement of the problem A study to identify the patterns of usage of personal listening devices and its effect on hearing acuity among degree students of a selected college in Kozhikode district.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • Assess the patterns of usage of personal listening devices among degree students • Assess the hearing acuity of students.
• Assess the effect of Personal Listening Device (PLD) use on hearing acuity among students. • Find out the association between hearing acuity and selected variables.
ASSUMPTIONS • The use of PLD’s is widespread among degree students • Continuous use of PLD’s may adversely affect the hearing acuity.
Hypotheses • H1: There will be significant association between hearing acuity and patterns of use of personal listening devices among students. • H2: There will be significant association between hearing acuity and selected socio personal variables of students
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature review was done in the following areas • Patterns of use of personal listening devices 14 literatures. • Noise induced hearing loss from recreational noise exposure. 7 literatures.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY • Research approach Non- experimental approach. • Research design Descriptive survey design. • Schematic representation of the study.
Study on use of personal listening devices and it's effect on hearing
• Variables : Patterns of usage of personal listening devices among degree students, Effect of patterns of usage of personal listening devices on hearing acuity of degree students.
Inclusion criteria • Degree students who are willing to participate in the study. • Degree students who can read and write English.
Exclusion criteria • Degree students who are not available during the period of study. • Degree students previously diagnosed as having hearing impairment
TOOL 1 • Questionnaire -Section I Sample characteristics consisted of 11 items -Section II -II A : 8 items , regarding the practices in use of PLDs - II B : 6 items regarding the volume of use of PLDs - II C : 3 items regarding the duration of use of PLDs for various purposes
• TOOL II -Audiometry test -The ability to hear between the 0-15dB is considered to be normal hearing acuity. - The threshold level between 16-40dB indicates mild hearing loss. - between 41- 70dB moderate hearing loss and - above 70dB severe hearing loss.
• TOOL III – Oto Acoustic Emission Test - Present - Absent
Analysis and interpretation
Figure 4. Distribution of sample based on frequency of use of personal listening devices. 1% 50.00% 32.50% 16.50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Never Rarely Frequently Always Percentage Frequency of use percentage
Table 6 Distribution of sample based on type of personal listening device used. Type of PLDs Frequency Percentage Earbuds 113 56.5 Canal hones 24 12.0 Bluetooth devices 4 2.0 Over the ear headphones 33 16.5 Headphones and earbuds 14 7.0 Earbuds and canal phones 8 4.0 Headphones, earphones and canal phones 4 2.0
Table 11 Distribution of sample based on volume of use of personal listening devices VOLUME OF USE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Use at maximum volume Never 39 19.5 Rarely 78 39.0 Frequently 48 24.0 Always 35 17.5
Figure 7. Distribution of sample based on percentage of volume of use of personal listening devices. 11.50% 28.00% 35.00% 25.50% 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100%
Table 12 Distribution of sample based on how long they have been using personal listening devices Duration of using a PLD Frequency Percentage <1 month 20 10.0 1-6 months 37 18.5 6 months – 1 year 31 15.5 >1 year 112 56.0
Table 14 Distribution of samples based on hearing acuity as measured by audiometry Hearing acuity Frequency Percentage Normal 192 96 Mild hearing loss 8 4
Table 15 Distribution of samples based hearing acuity as measured by Oto Acoustic Emission (OAE OAE Frequency Percentage Present 196 98 Absent 4 2
Table 16 Distribution of sample based on hearing acuity based on questionnaire Hearing acuity Frequency Percentage Normal 169 84.5 Abnormal 31 15.5
Figure 8. Distribution of samples based on hearing acuity. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Normal Abnormal 82.5 17.5 Percentage Hearing acuity
Table 15 Association between patterns of use of personal listening devices and hearing acuity. Variable Chi square value p value Frequency of use of PLDs 9.675 0.022* Volume at which PLD is used 18.664 0.001*** Duration of use of PLDs 11.942 0.008* Use of PLDs for telephonic conversation/day 7.603 0.050* Use of PLDs for purposes other than telephonic conversation/ day 4.000 0.261
Results and discussions • Mobile phone is the most commonly used device (63%) in relation to the listening habits. • 32.5% of the samples frequently use personal listening devices and 16.5% always use personal listening devices • Most commonly used PLD is ear bud type (56.5%). • Majority of the samples used PLDs in both ears (97%).
• A mild change in perception of hearing was experienced by 70.5 % of the sample and 1% experienced severe changes in the perception of their hearing. • Minimal hearing loss as measured by puretone audiometry and distortion product oto acoustic emission test was found in 3.5% of the sample. • A total of 43.5 % of the sample had abnormal hearing acuity Contd…
Limitations • As the study sample is limited to 200 and the sampling technique was conveninent, generalization of the findings is limited. • As the study is retrospective the actual effect cannot be assessed.
Thank You

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Study on use of personal listening devices and it's effect on hearing

  • 2. Introduction • Rapid technological advances have revolutionized personal listening devices, leading to an electronics market dominated by Walkman, iPod and other brands of MP3 players. • 91% of all people on earth have a mobile phone. • India is the second largest mobile phone user in the world. 70.08% of total population of India uses mobile phones. In Kerala and Lakshadweep alone there are 34.51 million mobile phone users3. • Nowadays even mobile phones come equipped with earphones and cater a variety of functions like playing music, videos, movies and also games.
  • 3. • Most of the MP3 players today can produce sounds up to 120 decibel • At that level, hearing loss can occur after only about an hour and 15 minutes. • The use of earbuds (earphones) placed directly into the ear can amplify the sound signals by as much as six to nine dB
  • 4. • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reported 10.7% of population suffering from hearing impairment is due to earphone use
  • 5. • Serious injuries to pedestrians listening to headphones have more than tripled • Researchers reviewed 116 accident cases from 2004 to 2011 in which injured pedestrians were documented to be using headphones
  • 6. • In addition to the structural damage personal listening devices can cause to the inner ear, these devices leads to spending more time in isolation than interacting with others. This can cause social and emotional problems for children
  • 7. TITLE OF THE STUDY Patterns of usage of personal listening devices (PLDs) and its effect on hearing acuity among degree students.
  • 8. Purpose of the study Identify the patterns of usage of personal listening devices and its effect on hearing acuity of degree students and to create awareness regarding the potential harmful effects of listening to loud noises.
  • 9. Statement of the problem A study to identify the patterns of usage of personal listening devices and its effect on hearing acuity among degree students of a selected college in Kozhikode district.
  • 10. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • Assess the patterns of usage of personal listening devices among degree students • Assess the hearing acuity of students.
  • 11. • Assess the effect of Personal Listening Device (PLD) use on hearing acuity among students. • Find out the association between hearing acuity and selected variables.
  • 12. ASSUMPTIONS • The use of PLD’s is widespread among degree students • Continuous use of PLD’s may adversely affect the hearing acuity.
  • 13. Hypotheses • H1: There will be significant association between hearing acuity and patterns of use of personal listening devices among students. • H2: There will be significant association between hearing acuity and selected socio personal variables of students
  • 14. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature review was done in the following areas • Patterns of use of personal listening devices 14 literatures. • Noise induced hearing loss from recreational noise exposure. 7 literatures.
  • 15. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY • Research approach Non- experimental approach. • Research design Descriptive survey design. • Schematic representation of the study.
  • 17. • Variables : Patterns of usage of personal listening devices among degree students, Effect of patterns of usage of personal listening devices on hearing acuity of degree students.
  • 18. Inclusion criteria • Degree students who are willing to participate in the study. • Degree students who can read and write English.
  • 19. Exclusion criteria • Degree students who are not available during the period of study. • Degree students previously diagnosed as having hearing impairment
  • 20. TOOL 1 • Questionnaire -Section I Sample characteristics consisted of 11 items -Section II -II A : 8 items , regarding the practices in use of PLDs - II B : 6 items regarding the volume of use of PLDs - II C : 3 items regarding the duration of use of PLDs for various purposes
  • 21. • TOOL II -Audiometry test -The ability to hear between the 0-15dB is considered to be normal hearing acuity. - The threshold level between 16-40dB indicates mild hearing loss. - between 41- 70dB moderate hearing loss and - above 70dB severe hearing loss.
  • 22. • TOOL III – Oto Acoustic Emission Test - Present - Absent
  • 24. Figure 4. Distribution of sample based on frequency of use of personal listening devices. 1% 50.00% 32.50% 16.50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Never Rarely Frequently Always Percentage Frequency of use percentage
  • 25. Table 6 Distribution of sample based on type of personal listening device used. Type of PLDs Frequency Percentage Earbuds 113 56.5 Canal hones 24 12.0 Bluetooth devices 4 2.0 Over the ear headphones 33 16.5 Headphones and earbuds 14 7.0 Earbuds and canal phones 8 4.0 Headphones, earphones and canal phones 4 2.0
  • 26. Table 11 Distribution of sample based on volume of use of personal listening devices VOLUME OF USE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Use at maximum volume Never 39 19.5 Rarely 78 39.0 Frequently 48 24.0 Always 35 17.5
  • 27. Figure 7. Distribution of sample based on percentage of volume of use of personal listening devices. 11.50% 28.00% 35.00% 25.50% 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100%
  • 28. Table 12 Distribution of sample based on how long they have been using personal listening devices Duration of using a PLD Frequency Percentage <1 month 20 10.0 1-6 months 37 18.5 6 months – 1 year 31 15.5 >1 year 112 56.0
  • 29. Table 14 Distribution of samples based on hearing acuity as measured by audiometry Hearing acuity Frequency Percentage Normal 192 96 Mild hearing loss 8 4
  • 30. Table 15 Distribution of samples based hearing acuity as measured by Oto Acoustic Emission (OAE OAE Frequency Percentage Present 196 98 Absent 4 2
  • 31. Table 16 Distribution of sample based on hearing acuity based on questionnaire Hearing acuity Frequency Percentage Normal 169 84.5 Abnormal 31 15.5
  • 32. Figure 8. Distribution of samples based on hearing acuity. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Normal Abnormal 82.5 17.5 Percentage Hearing acuity
  • 33. Table 15 Association between patterns of use of personal listening devices and hearing acuity. Variable Chi square value p value Frequency of use of PLDs 9.675 0.022* Volume at which PLD is used 18.664 0.001*** Duration of use of PLDs 11.942 0.008* Use of PLDs for telephonic conversation/day 7.603 0.050* Use of PLDs for purposes other than telephonic conversation/ day 4.000 0.261
  • 34. Results and discussions • Mobile phone is the most commonly used device (63%) in relation to the listening habits. • 32.5% of the samples frequently use personal listening devices and 16.5% always use personal listening devices • Most commonly used PLD is ear bud type (56.5%). • Majority of the samples used PLDs in both ears (97%).
  • 35. • A mild change in perception of hearing was experienced by 70.5 % of the sample and 1% experienced severe changes in the perception of their hearing. • Minimal hearing loss as measured by puretone audiometry and distortion product oto acoustic emission test was found in 3.5% of the sample. • A total of 43.5 % of the sample had abnormal hearing acuity Contd…
  • 36. Limitations • As the study sample is limited to 200 and the sampling technique was conveninent, generalization of the findings is limited. • As the study is retrospective the actual effect cannot be assessed.