Major religions by yashika kothari -kulachi hansraj
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The document provides information on several major religions and movements in India: 1. Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century AD and spread across the Arabian Peninsula. It emphasizes faith in Allah and following the teachings of the Quran. 2. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak in the 15th century and is based on devotion to God and equality. It is guided by the teachings in the Guru Granth Sahib scripture. 3. The Bhakti movement began in South India in the 7th-8th centuries and emphasized devotion and equality. Saints like Kabir and Nanak preached Hindu-Muslim unity. 4.
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Major religions by yashika kothari -kulachi hansraj
- 1. MAJOR RELIGIONS ISLAM SIKHISM BHAKTI MOVEMENT SUFISM
- 3. Islam was founded by Prophet Mohammad .He was born in Mecca in 570 A.D. and was brought up by his uncle who took him over Arabia .Later on ,he married a widow under whom he was employed At the age of forty ,he got the light of wisdom (revelation) while meditating in a cave near Mecca and declared himself the Prophet of Allah. It is believed that Koran was revealed to him by the Gods angel Gabriel . Mohammad was opposed to idol worship. Mohammad was not liked by the people of orthodox and rich people of Mecca .He moved to Madina, where he was warmly welcomed by the people. After the death of Prophet Mohammad (632 A.D.) ,Abu Bakr ,Prophets friend ,was the first adult to embrace Islam. He became a Khalifa. The Khalifas enjoyed full political and religious powers.
- 4. Islam propagated faith in Allah and the prophethood of Mohammad. Prophet Mohammad preached that Allah punishes us for bad deeds and rewards us for good deeds .He also propagated the concept of equality . The Koran says that to regulate ones life as a true Muslim, a person has to observe the following five principles:- 1.He should always proclaim oneness of god i.e. Allah and Mohammad as his prophet on this earth. 2.Every Muslim should offer prayers five times daily ,and on Friday afternoon in a mosque, with others. 3.One should give alms to the poor. 4.Every Muslim should keep fast (roza) during the holy month of Ramzan from dawn to dusk. 5.One should, if possible, go on hajj to Mecca at least once in his lifetime. The greatest contribution of Mohammad was that he united the scattered empire under one faith .The conflict among the successors led to the creation of the main sects within Islam (Sunni and Shia).
- 6. The origin of Sikhism can be traced back to the time of Guru Nanak, the first Guru of Sikhs. He was born in 1469.Since childhood , he was very happy in the company of saints and sufis. He propagated that to be one with God, one has to be egoless and denounce lust for worldly pleasures. He believed in Nirankar Brahma or God. For him, Rama and Rahim were the same. He believed in selfless and honest service of humanity . Guru Nanak preached through kirtans, self composed Bani and songs of other saints. Sikhism is based on Guru-Shishya tradition. The sacred scripture of Sikhs is the Adi Granth. This holy scripture is their Guru . The hymns as Gurabani or Shabad. Shri Guru Granth Sahib is the source of divine kirtan for the Sikhs. Guru Nanak passed away in 1539A.D. at Kartarpur. According to him, a true Sikh (shishya) is one who believes in one God, has completed faith in ten Gurus, who follows Shri Guru Granth Sahib and acts in accordance with the message of Gurbani. Every Sikh should be baptised by taking Amrit.
- 7. The second Guru, Guru Angad collected the hymns of Guru Nanak in Gurumukhi script. Guru Ram Das dug the holy tank known as Amritsar. The city of Amritsar takes its name from it. Guru Arjan Dev constructed Gurdwara Harminder Sahib in the centre of the tank. It is also known as Golden Temple. Guru Har Gobind constructed the Akal Takht or the Throne of God near the Golden Temple. GURU Tej Bahadur was involved in fighting against the oppression by the Mughals. He inculcated courage among the Sikhs to fight against the atrocities of the Mughal rulers. The last Guru, Gobind Singh created the Khalsa Panth at Anandpur popularly known as Takhat Sri Keshgarg Sahib, on the day of Baisakhi in 1699 A.D.
- 8. DO YOU KNOW ! 1.GuruNanak established Sangat and Pangat. 2. Five Ks are : Kesh , Kangha , Kara , Kaccha and Kirpan (Sword/ dagger).
- 10. Bhakti means complete submission and devotion to God. Bhakti movement started during medieval period but its roots can be traced back to the Vedic period. Initially, they also denounced idol worship. Bhakti movement started in the south (Tamil region) during 7th and 8th century. It preached devotion and learning relationship between devotee and the God to attain Moksha. The Alvars (Vaishnavities) and Nayanars (Shaivities) condemned rigidities of casteism and taught the lesson of love, devotion and equality. All over India ,the Bhakti saints used local languages to preach their message. They discarded rituals and sacrifices to create oneness with God. Ramananda took the ideas of Bhakti to north. He worshipped Shri ram with complete devotion and love. Kabir and Ravidas , belonging to different castes , were his disciples. Bhakti saint opposed the caste system, superstitions and narrow mindedness. Kabir and Nanak strongly preached Hindu Muslim unity.
- 11. Many legends are prevalent about the birth , life and death of Kabir , one of Indias most quoted poet and mystic. It is believed that he was actually the son of the Brahmin widow who abandoned him and that he was found by a Muslim weaver named Niru , who adopted the boy and taught him the skill of weaving. He was never formally educated . According to a legend , the only word he learned to write was Rama. The worship of Rama was made popular by Tulsidas in north. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Bengal, Orissa), Meera (Rajasthan), Narsimha Mehta (Gujarat) and Surdas (Uttar Pradesh) were the ardent devotees of Krishna. DO YOU KNOW! Kabir composed Padas and Dohas in the praise of the supreme god.
- 13. Sufism was inspired by Koran and belief in one god only. The word Sufi is derived from Suf (wool) as these mystics wore a long woolen coat. Sufis believe that human beings are children of God. Love for humanity is love for God. They believed in Guru Shishya relationship. Guru was known as Pir (teacher) and Shishya (disciple) as Murid. The Pirs lived in Kanqahs (hermitage-Ashram) along with their disciples. Some of the practices among the Sufis were similar to Hinduism or Buddhism, e.g., penance, fasting, pranayam, good deeds and belief in equality among all, without any distinction of colour, caste or creed.
- 14. There were the five orders (Silsilas) of Sufism. The three famous were : 1. Christi Order was established by Khwaja Muinnuddin Christi . 2.Suhrawardi Order was established by Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria. 3.Naqsh Bandi Order was established by Khwaja Baqi Bittah. Some famous Sufi saints were Baba Farid, Bakhtiar Kaki, Nizamuddin Aulia, Sheikh Salim Christi, Amir Khusro, etc.