This document provides an overview of major water bodies on Earth. It introduces the hydrosphere, which includes oceans, seas, ice sheets, underground water, and atmospheric water vapor. There are five major oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, containing the Mariana Trench. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest and saltiest ocean. The Indian Ocean is triangular in shape and contains the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The Southern Ocean surrounds Antarctica, while the Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean located around the North Pole. Oceans are important as they help regulate temperature and provide food, oil/gas resources, and