The document discusses several early theories of motivation:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
- McGregor's theory X and theory Y describe two views of employee motivation - theory X assumes people dislike work and need to be coerced while theory Y assumes people can exercise self-control if committed to objectives.
- Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors like pay and working conditions that prevent dissatisfaction and motivation factors like achievement and recognition that can satisfy employees.
2. What Is Motivation?
The processes that accounts for
an individuals intensity, direction,
and persistence of effort toward
attaining a organizational goal
Intensity the amount of effort put
forth to meet the goal
Direction efforts are channeled
toward organizational goals
Persistence how long the effort
is maintained
3. Early Theories of Motivation
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
McGregors Theory X and
Theory Y
Herzbergs Two-Factor
(Motivation-Hygiene) Theory
4. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Self-Actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Psychological
UpperLower
5. Douglas McGregors X & Y
Inherent dislike for work
and will attempt to avoid it
Must be coerced,
controlled or threatened
with punishment
View work as being as
natural as rest or play
Will exercise self-direction
and self-control if
committed to objectives
Theory X Theory Y
6. Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory
Quality of
supervision
Pay
Company policies
Physical working
conditions
Relationships
Job security
HygieneFactors
Dissatisfied
Not Dissatisfied
Promotional
opportunities
Opportunities for
personal growth
Recognition
Responsibility
Achievement
MotivationFactors
Satisfied
Not Satisfied
