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Mangaliso ntuli

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mangaliso ntuli

The document discusses five key soil forming factors: organism, topography, time, climate, and parent material. It then outlines five soil forming processes: laterization, podsolization, gleization, salinization, and calcification. Each process is then briefly explained, such as that laterization occurs in tropical climates through weathering and leaching, while podsolization happens in humid cold climates with coniferous vegetation and results in strongly acidic soils through decomposition and leaching. South African soils are classified based on five surface horizons and distinct features like high organic content.

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Mangaliso Ntuli Pedology and biogeography GGR2A01 Soil forming factors and physical and chemical soil forming processes
Soil forming factors • Organism • Topography • Time • Climate • Parent material
Soil processes • There are five soil processes • Laterization • Podsolization • Gleization • Salinization • Calcification
Explanation of the five soil processes • Laterization • Tropical and subtropical • Weathering • Eluviation and leaching
Podzolization • Humid cold mid latitude climate and coniferous vegetation • Decomposition • Strongly acidic • Acidic soil solution enhances eluviation and leaching
Calcification • Upwards movement of dissolved alkaline salt • Calcium carbonate • Common in praire grassland
Salinization • Similar to calcification • Upwards movement of dissolved alkaline salts • The difference is that salt deposits occur at or near the soil surface • Also occurs in drier climates
Gleization • associated with poor drainage • Accumulation of organic matter • Chemical reduction of irons
Classification of South African soils  Five surface horizons  Distinct features such as high organic content  Organic O  Humic A  Vertic A  Melanic A  Orthic A

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Mangaliso ntuli

  • 1. Mangaliso Ntuli Pedology and biogeography GGR2A01 Soil forming factors and physical and chemical soil forming processes
  • 2. Soil forming factors • Organism • Topography • Time • Climate • Parent material
  • 3. Soil processes • There are five soil processes • Laterization • Podsolization • Gleization • Salinization • Calcification
  • 4. Explanation of the five soil processes • Laterization • Tropical and subtropical • Weathering • Eluviation and leaching
  • 5. Podzolization • Humid cold mid latitude climate and coniferous vegetation • Decomposition • Strongly acidic • Acidic soil solution enhances eluviation and leaching
  • 6. Calcification • Upwards movement of dissolved alkaline salt • Calcium carbonate • Common in praire grassland
  • 7. Salinization • Similar to calcification • Upwards movement of dissolved alkaline salts • The difference is that salt deposits occur at or near the soil surface • Also occurs in drier climates
  • 8. Gleization • associated with poor drainage • Accumulation of organic matter • Chemical reduction of irons
  • 9. Classification of South African soils  Five surface horizons  Distinct features such as high organic content  Organic O  Humic A  Vertic A  Melanic A  Orthic A