Manufacturing consent ppt
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Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky argued that five filters shape news reporting in mainstream media: financial ownership of media by wealthy individuals, reliance on advertising revenue, sourcing news from government and PR, vulnerability to negative responses ("flak") from powerful groups, and use of anti-communism/anti-terrorism as a frame against those threatening elite interests. Together these filters form a "propaganda model" that ensures media support for the political and economic status quo by marginalizing dissenting voices.
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- 1. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media Edward S . Herman & Noam Chomsky
- 2. Consent Acceptance or approval of what is planned or done by another. Permission, approval, or agreement; compliance. Political Economy Political economy is the interplay between economics and politics. The political, economic and cultural factors that affect the production and distribution of wealth.
- 3. Political economic factors that shape the news Political and economic systems of the society in which the media operate: Political and economic status of the country Dominant cultural and social values Cultural/national alignments or conflicts
- 4. Political economic influences on the media Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky argued in the 1988 that there were five political economic filters through which news passed before it was presented in the mainstream media. These filters are known as Propaganda Model.
- 6. PROPAGANDA MODEL STRUCTURE Financial ownership Funding through advertising News Sourcing Flak Anti-communism
- 7. Ownership The Media is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a small number of private companies, owned by wealthy individuals. The pressures of stockholders, directors and bankers are also powerful forces affecting the content of these companies' media content. Thus "market-profit-oriented forces" .
- 8. Advertising Interests of advertisers come before reporting the news the news itself is nothing more than "filler" to get privileged readers to see the advertisements
- 9. Advertising The media have daily news needs, and thus need a steady, reliable source of news material. Maintaining news reporters at all locations where news may break is not financially viable. As a result, news organizations become reliant on government PR.
- 10. Flak Negative responses to media content: phone calls, letters, petitions, law suits, speeches, bills before Parliament. From individuals or groups, politicians, government, business When produced by individuals or groups with large resources, it can be "both uncomfortable and costly.
- 11. Anti-Communism/Anti-Terrorism "Fuzzy" concept that can be used against anyone threatening the interests of the financial elite. Downfall of Communism left a gap (the common enemy) that has now been replaced by Terrorism.