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Mapping Carbonate Bedrock

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UW Discovery Farms

This document discusses mapping carbonate bedrock surfaces in glaciated landscapes like Calumet County, Wisconsin. Key points include: - Fractured carbonate bedrock has a dense fracture network that allows rapid infiltration of surface water and contaminants to the subsurface with little attenuation. - The county has over 1.25 million dairy cows that collectively produce over 34 million tons of waste annually, posing risks to groundwater. - The project involves geocoding and digitizing well records, interpolating bedrock topography, and mapping depth to bedrock and potential groundwater contamination.

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Mapping Carbonate Bedrock Surfaces in Glaciated Landscapes
Wisconsin, USA Calumet County
Flow Characteristics of fractured carbonate Aquifers • Dense and ubiquitous fracture network – little surface runoff – water easily infiltrates to subsurface • Recharge – exceedingly rapid – carries surface contaminants to the water table • Flow within the aquifer occurs primarily along bedding plane fractures – Little to no attenuation of contaminants within the aquifer • Flow rates vary from 10’s to 100’s of ft/day
• 14,000 dairy farms • 1.25 million milk cows. • Each cow produces 150 lbs of waste/day
Mapping Carbonate Bedrock
(1.25 million cows) (150 lbs. per day) (365 days) = 34,000,000 tons of waste annually
Roads PLSS Well WCRs DEM WCRs Testing Parcel Well Well Surface Bacteria E. Coli Nitrate Location Geology Elevation Cont. Cont. Cont. Surface Elevation – Bedrock Elevation Safe or Unsafe Depth to Contamination Bedrock Depth to Bedrock AND Contamination
Digital Well Reports Scanned Paper Well Reports
WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs N Geocode by Parcel UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Parcel N UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs N Geocode by Parcel UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
2800+ Geocoded Well Data Points N
pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR pre-1988 WCRs Data enter geology Geology Table Geology Table pre-1988 post-1988 from WCR from data entry WCRs WCRs database Attach Geology Attach Geology post-1988 pre-1988 WCRs WCRs with with geology geology Merge WCRs WCRs geodatabase
pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR
pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR. referred to in WCR
pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR
pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR pre-1988 WCRs Data enter geology Geology Table Geology Table pre-1988 post-1988 from WCR from data entry WCRs WCRs database Attach Geology Attach Geology post-1988 pre-1988 WCRs WCRs with with geology geology Merge WCRs WCRs geodatabase
2339 Well Data Points w/geology N
WCRs geodatabase QUERY: Select minimum bedrock value WCRs with DEM depth to bedrock ADD surface elevation WCRs with surface elevation surface elevation MINUS Bedrock Topography depth to bedrock WCRs with bedrock Bedrock Interpolate elevation Topography
- = Surface Topography Bedrock Topography Surface Topography MINUS Bedrock Topography EQUALS
Depth to Bedrock N Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
Depth to Bedrock less than 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 140 200 250 300 350 N N Bedrock at the land surface Depth to Bedrock Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Feet
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Feet
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles 4-foot contours Calumet County, WI
N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Quaternary Geology of Calumet County, WI
N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Depth to Bedrock
N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Depth to Bedrock and Contaminated Wells
N
N
N
Hart, D. J., et al., 2009
Mapping Carbonate Bedrock
Mapping Carbonate Bedrock
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More Related Content

Mapping Carbonate Bedrock

  • 1. Mapping Carbonate Bedrock Surfaces in Glaciated Landscapes
  • 3. Flow Characteristics of fractured carbonate Aquifers • Dense and ubiquitous fracture network – little surface runoff – water easily infiltrates to subsurface • Recharge – exceedingly rapid – carries surface contaminants to the water table • Flow within the aquifer occurs primarily along bedding plane fractures – Little to no attenuation of contaminants within the aquifer • Flow rates vary from 10’s to 100’s of ft/day
  • 4. • 14,000 dairy farms • 1.25 million milk cows. • Each cow produces 150 lbs of waste/day
  • 6. (1.25 million cows) (150 lbs. per day) (365 days) = 34,000,000 tons of waste annually
  • 7. Roads PLSS Well WCRs DEM WCRs Testing Parcel Well Well Surface Bacteria E. Coli Nitrate Location Geology Elevation Cont. Cont. Cont. Surface Elevation – Bedrock Elevation Safe or Unsafe Depth to Contamination Bedrock Depth to Bedrock AND Contamination
  • 8. Digital Well Reports Scanned Paper Well Reports
  • 9. WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs N Geocode by Parcel UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
  • 10. WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Parcel N UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
  • 11. WCRs Data entry pre-1988 WCRs database Geocode by PLSS UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs Geocode by Street Address UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs N Geocode by Parcel UNLOCATED pre-1988 WCRs
  • 13. pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR pre-1988 WCRs Data enter geology Geology Table Geology Table pre-1988 post-1988 from WCR from data entry WCRs WCRs database Attach Geology Attach Geology post-1988 pre-1988 WCRs WCRs with with geology geology Merge WCRs WCRs geodatabase
  • 14. pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR
  • 15. pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR. referred to in WCR
  • 16. pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR
  • 17. pre-1988 post-1988 NAIP image WCRs WCRs NAIP image Drag point to structure Drag point to structure referred to in WCR referred to in WCR pre-1988 WCRs Data enter geology Geology Table Geology Table pre-1988 post-1988 from WCR from data entry WCRs WCRs database Attach Geology Attach Geology post-1988 pre-1988 WCRs WCRs with with geology geology Merge WCRs WCRs geodatabase
  • 18. 2339 Well Data Points w/geology N
  • 19. WCRs geodatabase QUERY: Select minimum bedrock value WCRs with DEM depth to bedrock ADD surface elevation WCRs with surface elevation surface elevation MINUS Bedrock Topography depth to bedrock WCRs with bedrock Bedrock Interpolate elevation Topography
  • 20. - = Surface Topography Bedrock Topography Surface Topography MINUS Bedrock Topography EQUALS
  • 21. Depth to Bedrock N Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
  • 22. Depth to Bedrock less than 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 140 200 250 300 350 N N Bedrock at the land surface Depth to Bedrock Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
  • 23. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
  • 24. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
  • 25. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Feet
  • 26. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Feet
  • 27. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
  • 28. N Meters 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Feet
  • 29. N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles 4-foot contours Calumet County, WI
  • 30. N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Quaternary Geology of Calumet County, WI
  • 31. N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Depth to Bedrock
  • 32. N Kilometers 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 Miles Depth to Bedrock and Contaminated Wells
  • 33. N
  • 34. N
  • 35. N
  • 36. Hart, D. J., et al., 2009