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Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. He developed the principles of modern physics, including mechanics and universal gravitation. As a mathematician, Newton invented integral and differential calculus and made important contributions to mathematics. He published his seminal work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687, laying out his laws of motion and universal gravitation. Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey in recognition of his achievements.

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SIR ISAAC NEWTON
SIR ISAAC NEWTON Sir Isaac Newton PRS (4 January 1643 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 20 March 1727])[1]. He was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.
From the age of about twelve until he was seventeen, Newton was educated at The King's School, Grantham (where his alleged signature can still be seen upon a sil. In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge as a sizar a sort of work-study role.[14] At that time, the college's teachings were based on those of Aristotle,
Newton preferred to read the more advanced ideas of modern philosophers, such as Descartes, and of astronomers such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. In 1665, he discovered the generalised binomial theorem and began to develop a mathematical theory that would later become infinitesimal calculus
Mathematics Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding examplar of modern physical science, His achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as those in mathematical research
Maths
Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied . But is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration).
Not only did Newton discover that these problems were inverse to each other, but he discovered general methods of resolving problems of curvature, embraced in his "method of fluxions" and "inverse method of fluxions", respectively equivalent to Leibniz's later differential and integral calculus.
Fluxions were expressed algebraically, as Leibniz's differentials were, but Newton made extensive use also (especially in the Principia) of analogous geometrical arguments. Newton's work on pure mathematics was virtually hidden from all but his correspondents until 1704, when he published, with Opticks, a tract on the quadrature of curves (integration) and another on the classification of the cubic curves.
His Cambridge lectures, delivered from about 1673 to 1683, were published in 1707.
The Calculus Priority Dispute Newton had the essence of the methods of fluxions by 1666. The first to become known, privately, to other mathematicians, in 1668, was his method of integration by infinite series. In Paris in 1675 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently evolved the first ideas of his differential calculus
. Newton had already described some of his mathematical discoveries to Leibniz, not including his method of fluxions. In 1684 Leibniz published his first paper on calculus; a small group of mathematicians took up his ideas.
MECHANICS AND GRAVITATION Newton demonstrates it from the revolutions of the six known planets, including the Earth, and their satellites. However, he could never quite perfect the difficult theory of the Moon's motion.
MATHEMATICIAN As mathematician, Newton invented integral calculus, and jointly with Leibnitz, differential calculus . He also calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a gas which was later corrected by Laplace.
Newton published his single greatest work, the 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' ('Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'). This showed how a universal force, gravity, applied to all objects in all parts of the universe.
He also worked out the fluxional calculus tolerably completely: this in a manuscript dated November 13, 1665, he used fluxions to find the tangent and the radius of curvature at any point on a curve. And in October 1666 he applied them to several problems in the theory of equations .
In this letter Newton begins by saying that altogether he had used three methods for expansion in series. His first was arrived at from the study of the method of interpolation by which Wallis had found expressions for the area of a circle and a hyperbola
Thus, by considering the series of expressions , , ,..., (1-x)02 This was the method of fluxions; but Newton gives no description of it here, though he adds some illustrations of its use. The first illustration is on the quadrature of the curve represented by the equation
he points out that the area of any curve can be easily determined approximately by the method of interpolation described below in discussing his Methodus Differentialis. At the end of his letter Newton alludes to the solution of the ``inverse problem of tangents,'' a subject on which Leibnitz had asked for information.
The Universal Arithmetic, which is on algebra, theory of equations, and miscellaneous problems, contains the substance of Newton's lectures during the years 1673 to 1683. He extends Descartes's rule of signs to give limits to the number of imaginary roots. He uses the principle of continuity to explain how two real and unequal roots may become imaginary in passing through equality, and illustrates this by geometrical considerations
Mathematics - The origin of Newton's interest in mathematics can be traced to his undergraduate days at Cambridge. Here Newton became acquainted with a number of contemporary works, including an edition of Descartes G辿om辿trie, John Wallis' Arithmetica infinitorum, and other works by prominent mathematicians.
Specifically, he discovered the binomial theorem, new methods for expansion of infinite series, and his 'direct and inverse method of fluxions. As the term implies, fluxional calculus is a method for treating changing or flowing quantities.
Newton's creative years in mathematics extended from 1664 to roughly the spring of 1696. Although his predecessors had anticipated various elements of the calculus, Newton generalized and integrated these insights while developing new and more rigorous methods.
HE WAS DIED Newton died in London on March 20, 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to be accorded this honor. review of an encyclopedia of science will reveal at least two to three times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist.
An 18th century poem written by Alexander Pope about Sir Isaac Newton states it best: Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night: God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.

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Maths

  • 2. SIR ISAAC NEWTON Sir Isaac Newton PRS (4 January 1643 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 20 March 1727])[1]. He was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.
  • 3. From the age of about twelve until he was seventeen, Newton was educated at The King's School, Grantham (where his alleged signature can still be seen upon a sil. In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge as a sizar a sort of work-study role.[14] At that time, the college's teachings were based on those of Aristotle,
  • 4. Newton preferred to read the more advanced ideas of modern philosophers, such as Descartes, and of astronomers such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. In 1665, he discovered the generalised binomial theorem and began to develop a mathematical theory that would later become infinitesimal calculus
  • 5. Mathematics Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding examplar of modern physical science, His achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as those in mathematical research
  • 7. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied . But is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration).
  • 8. Not only did Newton discover that these problems were inverse to each other, but he discovered general methods of resolving problems of curvature, embraced in his "method of fluxions" and "inverse method of fluxions", respectively equivalent to Leibniz's later differential and integral calculus.
  • 9. Fluxions were expressed algebraically, as Leibniz's differentials were, but Newton made extensive use also (especially in the Principia) of analogous geometrical arguments. Newton's work on pure mathematics was virtually hidden from all but his correspondents until 1704, when he published, with Opticks, a tract on the quadrature of curves (integration) and another on the classification of the cubic curves.
  • 10. His Cambridge lectures, delivered from about 1673 to 1683, were published in 1707.
  • 11. The Calculus Priority Dispute Newton had the essence of the methods of fluxions by 1666. The first to become known, privately, to other mathematicians, in 1668, was his method of integration by infinite series. In Paris in 1675 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently evolved the first ideas of his differential calculus
  • 12. . Newton had already described some of his mathematical discoveries to Leibniz, not including his method of fluxions. In 1684 Leibniz published his first paper on calculus; a small group of mathematicians took up his ideas.
  • 13. MECHANICS AND GRAVITATION Newton demonstrates it from the revolutions of the six known planets, including the Earth, and their satellites. However, he could never quite perfect the difficult theory of the Moon's motion.
  • 14. MATHEMATICIAN As mathematician, Newton invented integral calculus, and jointly with Leibnitz, differential calculus . He also calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a gas which was later corrected by Laplace.
  • 15. Newton published his single greatest work, the 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' ('Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'). This showed how a universal force, gravity, applied to all objects in all parts of the universe.
  • 16. He also worked out the fluxional calculus tolerably completely: this in a manuscript dated November 13, 1665, he used fluxions to find the tangent and the radius of curvature at any point on a curve. And in October 1666 he applied them to several problems in the theory of equations .
  • 17. In this letter Newton begins by saying that altogether he had used three methods for expansion in series. His first was arrived at from the study of the method of interpolation by which Wallis had found expressions for the area of a circle and a hyperbola
  • 18. Thus, by considering the series of expressions , , ,..., (1-x)02 This was the method of fluxions; but Newton gives no description of it here, though he adds some illustrations of its use. The first illustration is on the quadrature of the curve represented by the equation
  • 19. he points out that the area of any curve can be easily determined approximately by the method of interpolation described below in discussing his Methodus Differentialis. At the end of his letter Newton alludes to the solution of the ``inverse problem of tangents,'' a subject on which Leibnitz had asked for information.
  • 20. The Universal Arithmetic, which is on algebra, theory of equations, and miscellaneous problems, contains the substance of Newton's lectures during the years 1673 to 1683. He extends Descartes's rule of signs to give limits to the number of imaginary roots. He uses the principle of continuity to explain how two real and unequal roots may become imaginary in passing through equality, and illustrates this by geometrical considerations
  • 21. Mathematics - The origin of Newton's interest in mathematics can be traced to his undergraduate days at Cambridge. Here Newton became acquainted with a number of contemporary works, including an edition of Descartes G辿om辿trie, John Wallis' Arithmetica infinitorum, and other works by prominent mathematicians.
  • 22. Specifically, he discovered the binomial theorem, new methods for expansion of infinite series, and his 'direct and inverse method of fluxions. As the term implies, fluxional calculus is a method for treating changing or flowing quantities.
  • 23. Newton's creative years in mathematics extended from 1664 to roughly the spring of 1696. Although his predecessors had anticipated various elements of the calculus, Newton generalized and integrated these insights while developing new and more rigorous methods.
  • 24. HE WAS DIED Newton died in London on March 20, 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to be accorded this honor. review of an encyclopedia of science will reveal at least two to three times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist.
  • 25. An 18th century poem written by Alexander Pope about Sir Isaac Newton states it best: Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night: God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.