Mc qs infectious disease
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This document contains 4 multiple choice questions about infectious diseases: 1. Question 1 asks about characteristics of congenital syphilis and option A (Ghon complex) is not a characteristic. 2. Question 2 asks about the most infectious oral lesion of syphilis, which is a mucous patch. 3. Question 3 asks about lesions associated with oral tuberculosis, and option C (giant cells in the center) is the exception. 4. Question 4 asks about what stage gumma occurs in syphilis, which is the tertiary stage.
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Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
* Largest cartilage; forms the **Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)**.
* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
3. **Epiglottis**:
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* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
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* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
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3. **Cuneiform**:
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**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Vocalis** | Fine-tunes pitch | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | **Nerve Supply*
* **Motor**:
* All intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid): **Recurrent laryngeal nerve** (branch of vagus nerve).
* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* **Sensory**:
* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
**Blood Supply**
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* **Inferior laryngeal artery** (branch of inferior thyroid artery).
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