Lecture about patient safety, international safety goals and patient safety in egyptian standards in training course of Building Capacity for Quality Improvement Team for General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes.
FPGAs are faster, cheaper, and smaller than ASICs for small applications but ASICs are faster, cheaper, and smaller for large, complex applications due to their ability to be optimized for a specific application. FPGAs consume more power and take less time to design than ASICs which require more complex design processes like floor planning and mask production. For these reasons, FPGAs are better for applications requiring fast design time while ASICs are better for high volume applications seeking maximum optimization of speed, cost, size and power.
RAM and ROM are both types of computer memory, but they differ in how they store and access data. RAM can be read and written to during operation and loses its memory when powered off, while ROM is permanent and can only be read from as it retains data even without power. This document by Mohamed Morsy Elsaied explores the key differences between RAM and ROM such as volatility, speed of access, cost, and how they are used in computing systems.
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FPGAs are faster, cheaper, and smaller than ASICs for small applications but ASICs are faster, cheaper, and smaller for large, complex applications due to their ability to be optimized for a specific application. FPGAs consume more power and take less time to design than ASICs which require more complex design processes like floor planning and mask production. For these reasons, FPGAs are better for applications requiring fast design time while ASICs are better for high volume applications seeking maximum optimization of speed, cost, size and power.
RAM and ROM are both types of computer memory, but they differ in how they store and access data. RAM can be read and written to during operation and loses its memory when powered off, while ROM is permanent and can only be read from as it retains data even without power. This document by Mohamed Morsy Elsaied explores the key differences between RAM and ROM such as volatility, speed of access, cost, and how they are used in computing systems.
A pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical pulses to regulate an abnormal heart rhythm. It has a pulse generator that provides electrical stimulation through electrodes to contract the heart muscles. The first pacemaker was created in 1926 and the first successful implantation was in 1958. There are different types including permanent pacemakers, which are implanted devices with batteries lasting 6-20 years, and temporary external pacemakers. A permanent pacemaker has a pulse generator, leads to transmit pulses, and can pace one or both chambers of the heart. It regulates heart rate and energy output.
Ultrasound transducers come in different shapes and sizes depending on their intended use. The main types are linear transducers, convex transducers, phased array transducers, pencil transducers, endocavitary transducers, and transesophageal transducers. Each has a distinct piezoelectric crystal arrangement and frequency that makes it suited for specific applications like abdominal, cardiac, or fetal examinations. 4D transducers allow for live 3D imaging of motion.
This document provides an overview of Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE). It discusses the hospital's history and founding in 1998 with an opening in 2007. CCHE is a nonprofit hospital that treats children's cancer completely free of charge. It has departments for labs, clinics, pediatric oncology intensive care, and medical imaging. As a nonprofit, CCHE pursues scientific research and social outcomes in lieu of paying taxes, including international collaborations to advance cancer treatment.
This document discusses Arduino, an open source electronics prototyping platform. It provides an overview of what Arduino is, why it was developed for non-scientists to prototype interactive displays, and the different varieties that exist. Examples of some good starter components are also listed, such as LEDs, LCD screens, temperature sensors, servos, ultrasonic sensors, and OLED displays. The document also provides resources for learning more about Arduino programming and recommended books on the topic.
RAM and ROM are both types of computer memory, but they have important differences. RAM, or random-access memory, is volatile memory that can be read and written quickly but loses data when powered off. In contrast, ROM, or read-only memory, is non-volatile memory that retains data even without power; however, it can only be read from and not written to after being programmed during manufacturing. This document compares RAM and ROM and their uses in computer systems.
A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy using multiple thermocouples connected in series. It operates based on the temperature differential between the junction point and the measurement point of each thermocouple, generating output voltage proportional to this difference. Thermopiles are used in applications like infrared thermometers, thermal accelerometers, industrial temperature sensors, and more to measure temperature gradients or fluxes.
Laser therapy uses low-level lasers that emit coherent light to induce biological effects in tissues. It was first developed in the 1960s and approved by the FDA in 2002 to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Lasers are classified based on their power output and potential hazards, with classes 1 and 2 being safe for therapeutic use. Common types include helium-neon and gallium arsenide lasers. Physiological effects include reducing pain and inflammation, promoting tissue healing, and recovery from nerve injuries through various cellular mechanisms like increased ATP and growth factor production.
Marketing involves understanding customer needs and wants in order to develop strategies to attract and retain customers by delivering superior value. The goal is to satisfy customer needs through products, services, and experiences while ensuring profitability. Market segmentation, targeting, and positioning are important marketing processes. Segmentation involves dividing the market into distinct groups based on needs, behaviors or other attributes. Targeting involves evaluating segments and selecting those for focus based on factors like segment size, attractiveness, and fit with company objectives. The overall aim is to build profitable relationships with customers through creating, delivering, and communicating value.
This document discusses the management and disposal of radioactive medical waste. It begins by introducing the importance of safely disposing of radioactive waste generated in hospitals. It then discusses the risks posed by all medical waste, including radioactive waste. The key concepts in radioactive waste management like units of measurement and half-life are explained. The different types of radioactive waste and methods for collection and disposal are described in detail. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of properly disposing of radioactive hospital waste according to international guidelines.
The document discusses ultrasound technology and medical ultrasound imaging. It describes how ultrasound works using sound waves, the properties of ultrasound including velocity and wavelength. It explains the components of an ultrasound machine including the transducer, display, and how impedance matching is used. The document also covers the different display techniques for ultrasound imaging and troubleshooting of ultrasound devices.
This document discusses various types of medical equipment used in dental and medical laboratories. It focuses on components of the dental unit such as the dental operation light, light cures, and x-rays. It also discusses high speed and low speed handpieces used in dentistry. Other topics covered include sample room configurations, connections to dental chairs, types of compressors, autoclaves, spectrophotometers, and centrifuges. It provides details on the components, functions, and maintenance of this medical equipment.
This document describes a simple smoke detector circuit that uses a MQ6-MQ2 smoke/gas sensor to detect smoke or fire. The circuit triggers a buzzer alarm when smoke is detected near the sensor. It uses a BC547 NPN transistor to drive the buzzer. When smoke is sensed, the sensor's resistance decreases, causing the voltage at the transistor's base to increase above 0.7V, turning the transistor on and activating the buzzer alarm. The circuit was built on a breadboard and its workings are explained.
The document describes the operating principles and maintenance of blood cell counters, including both the electrical aperture impedance change method and optical flow cytometry method for counting blood cells. It provides details on how each method works to differentiate cells from fluid and count the number of cells, and includes a maintenance checklist covering daily, weekly, and monthly cleaning and checks to ensure proper functioning of the blood cell counter.
Clinical engineering represents the applications of biomedical engineering theories and methodologies to improve healthcare quality. Clinical engineers manage medical equipment in hospitals throughout its lifecycle, including selection, procurement, training, maintenance, and disposal. A full clinical engineering implementation involves diagnostic studies, inventory management, standards compliance, cost control, maintenance, training, and ensuring patient safety.
This presentation discusses operational amplifiers (op-amps). It begins with an introduction to op-amps, their components, and their usefulness for amplifying weak signals. Next, it covers the characteristics and math of ideal and real op-amps. The presentation then describes different types of op-amp circuits and their applications, including filters. It concludes by discussing the history of op-amp development and providing references.
This document discusses the costs and impacts of traffic congestion. It notes that traffic congestion costs US cities between $35-48 billion annually and causes the US to lose about 2% of its GNP. Other data presented includes traffic jams costing Moscow $1.3 billion per year and costing the South African business sector $18 billion annually. Losses due to congestion include time lost, increased fuel costs, accidents from speeding to make up lost time, and environmental impacts like increased pollution. Solutions proposed to reduce congestion include expanding public transportation systems, waterways, rail networks, and metro rails.
Swine influenza, or swine flu, is a respiratory virus that normally infects pigs but can be transmitted to humans. It causes symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. The virus spreads through coughing or sneezing of infected individuals. While usually mild, it can lead to severe illness in some cases. There are several strains of swine flu virus that have caused outbreaks in pigs and spread to humans throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Eating properly handled pork does not transmit the virus.