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Medical physics

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Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction to transform alternating current from one voltage to another. It consists of two coils - a primary coil that receives input AC voltage and a secondary coil that outputs a transformed voltage. The ratio of the number of turns in the coils determines whether the transformer is a step-up transformer (Ns>Np, Vs>Vp) or step-down transformer (Ns<Np, Vs<Vp). Power is lost in transformers through eddy currents and hysteresis loss. Transformers also help render currents earth-free, reducing electric shocks.

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Basic electrical components Submitted to Dr.Amna Submitted by Roll # 7,13,14,38,39.40,42,45,46,47,48. Medical Physics Presentation
Transformer ï‚— An Electrical instrument which is used to alternating emf in to larger or smaller alternating emf or to render a current earth-free. ï‚— Working Principle: It works on principle of mutual induction. ï‚— Construction: It is made up of two coil 1. Primary Coil: Is in which input alternating emf is introduced. 2. Secondary Coil: From which output emf is drawn.
Medical physics
Working of Transformer Two coils are magnetically connected. There is no electrical connection. An alternating current is passed through the primary coil and this setsup a varying magnetic field, which passes to secondary coil by electromagnetic induction and
Ns/Np = Vs/Vp On basis of numbers of turns transformer is divided into two types. 1. Set up Transformer 2. Set down Transformer Set up Transformer: Ns> Np .then Vs > Vp. Set Down Transformer: Ns< Np . Then Vs<Vp
Set up Transformer Set down Transformer
Ideal Power Transformer: Power input = Power output P=Vi Vp Ip = Vs Is Vs/ Vp = Ip /Is Even Ratio Transformer: If Np = Ns Then Vf = Vp
Power Loss of Tranformer: Power is lost in two ways 1. Eddy Current 2. Hysteris Loss
Eddy Current: Induced current set up perpendicular to flux is eddy current. It causes 1.Power drespation 2.Heating core material. Hysteris loss: It is energy to magnetic and demagnetic the core material in each cycle of A.c
Minimizing the power loss: 1.Insulation is provided. 2.Resistance between primary coil and secondary coil should be minimize. Efficiency of Transformer: Pout< Pin E= output power/Input power *100 E
Rendering a Current –Earth free: Electricity produced by dynamo and consumer supplied by live wire, it is at high potential. Neutral –Wire It is at zero potential Earth-Wire: Supplies current to instrument.
If live earth wire accidently meet ,current will flow, and if person touches that connection he will recieve shock. Transformer reduces Earth shocks. Other Types of Transformer 1. Auto Transformer 2. variable transformer
Auto Transformer Consist of single coil of wire with four contecting points coming to it. VariableTransformer Length of coil can be changed.

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Medical physics

  • 1. Basic electrical components Submitted to Dr.Amna Submitted by Roll # 7,13,14,38,39.40,42,45,46,47,48. Medical Physics Presentation
  • 2. Transformer ï‚— An Electrical instrument which is used to alternating emf in to larger or smaller alternating emf or to render a current earth-free. ï‚— Working Principle: It works on principle of mutual induction. ï‚— Construction: It is made up of two coil 1. Primary Coil: Is in which input alternating emf is introduced. 2. Secondary Coil: From which output emf is drawn.
  • 4. Working of Transformer Two coils are magnetically connected. There is no electrical connection. An alternating current is passed through the primary coil and this setsup a varying magnetic field, which passes to secondary coil by electromagnetic induction and
  • 5. Ns/Np = Vs/Vp On basis of numbers of turns transformer is divided into two types. 1. Set up Transformer 2. Set down Transformer Set up Transformer: Ns> Np .then Vs > Vp. Set Down Transformer: Ns< Np . Then Vs<Vp
  • 7. Ideal Power Transformer: Power input = Power output P=Vi Vp Ip = Vs Is Vs/ Vp = Ip /Is Even Ratio Transformer: If Np = Ns Then Vf = Vp
  • 8. Power Loss of Tranformer: Power is lost in two ways 1. Eddy Current 2. Hysteris Loss
  • 9. Eddy Current: Induced current set up perpendicular to flux is eddy current. It causes 1.Power drespation 2.Heating core material. Hysteris loss: It is energy to magnetic and demagnetic the core material in each cycle of A.c
  • 10. Minimizing the power loss: 1.Insulation is provided. 2.Resistance between primary coil and secondary coil should be minimize. Efficiency of Transformer: Pout< Pin E= output power/Input power *100 E
  • 11. Rendering a Current –Earth free: Electricity produced by dynamo and consumer supplied by live wire, it is at high potential. Neutral –Wire It is at zero potential Earth-Wire: Supplies current to instrument.
  • 12. If live earth wire accidently meet ,current will flow, and if person touches that connection he will recieve shock. Transformer reduces Earth shocks. Other Types of Transformer 1. Auto Transformer 2. variable transformer
  • 13. Auto Transformer Consist of single coil of wire with four contecting points coming to it. VariableTransformer Length of coil can be changed.