Mesopotamia lesson
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The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between 3000 BCE to 330 BCE. It discusses the Sumerians, Akkadian Empire, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians and their contributions. The Sumerians established the first cities and invented cuneiform writing. The Babylonians developed laws under Hammurabi and made advances in mathematics. The Persians were led by Cyrus the Great and established a large empire with different provinces governed by satraps.
Mesopotamia lesson
- 1. AN CIVILIZATION IN ASIA
- 2. MESOPOTAMIA Derived from the Greek words meso which means between and potamos or river. Land between two rivers The Fertile Crescent The Cradle of History
- 3. SUMERIANS (3000-2340 B.C.E) The first builders of civilization ACTIVITIES OF THE SUMERIANS; Hunting Planting Making dams, dikes, and canals Domistication of animals CUNEIFORM System of writing Came from the Latin words cuneus meaning wedge-shaped and forma, form
- 4. SUMER The southern part of Mesopotamia Composed of 12 city-states and headed by Lugal or priest-king Some well-known city-states in sumer; - Eridu - Kish - Lagash - Uruk - Ur - Nippur.
- 5. ZIGGURATS Temple-like structures;home and temple of the Gods
- 6. LEGACY OF SUMERIANS Cuneiform Plow and wheel Built first cities, school, and temples (Ziggurats) Cartography, astronomy, and mathematics Nippur (the oldest map in the world, the map of Nippur) Mixed copper and tin and made bronze Different weapons in war made from bronze
- 7. AKKADIAN EMPIRE (2340-2100 B.C.E) Worlds first empire AKKAD - city-state in a region north of Sumer - Founded by Sargon I Next rulers of Akkadian Empire; - Naram-Sin - Ur-Nammu - Ibbi-Su
- 8. BABYLONIANS (1792-1595 B.C.E) SUMUABUM- invaded mesopotamia and established the kingdom of Babylonia BABYLON- capital of Babylonian Empire HAMMURABI - descendant of Sumuabum,and great leader of Babylon
- 9. SOCIAL CLASSES; The Nobles (king, aristocrat, priest and rich landlords) The Freemen (farmers, merchants, soldiers, and artisans) The Slaves FARMING- chief industry of ancient Babylonians
- 10. LEGACY OF BABYLONIANS Hammurabi Code (285 laws) Ziggurat Epic of Gilgamesh Sexagesimal system of calculation by sixties Divided the circle into 360 degrees or 60s Divided the hour into 60 minutes and each minutes into 60 seconds
- 11. ASSYRIANS (1813-605 B.C.E) ASHUR- capital of Assyria Shamshi-Adad I- established the capital Tiglath-Pileser I- founder of Assyrian Empire OTHER GREAT LEADERS; Ashurnasirpal II (important leader that time) Tiglath-Pileser III (greatest Assyrian emperor) Sennacherib
- 12. CHALDEANS (612-539 B.C.E) New or second Babylonian Empire Nabopolassar-established the new empire of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar - son of Nabopolassar -Great leader of Chaldean Empire LEGACY; Hanging Garden of Babylon ( Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) Tower of Babel
- 13. PERSIANS (539-330 B.C.E) CYRUS THE GREAT AND DARIUS THE GREAT - Great leaders of Persia SATRAPIES- division of provinces in the Persian Empire and headed by a governor (satrap) ZOROASTRIANISM - Religion of perians - Founded by Zoroaster or Zarathushtra - Believe that life is a constant struggle between good and evil. AHURA MAZDA- God representing good side
- 14. MEDITERRANEANS LEGACY; Hittites- used iron in making weapons Lydians- used coin in trading Phoenicians- developed a modern system of writing phoenetic alphabet Hebrew- embraced Judaism and began to practice monotheism