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methods of flavor evaluation "food evaluation"
INTRODUCTION
? “Flavor is the sensation produced by a material taken
in the mouth, perceived principally by the sensesof
tasteand smell, and also by the general pain and
temperaturereceptors in the mouth.”
? “ Flavor is one of the three main sensory properties
which are decisive in the selection, acceptance, and
ingestion of a food.”
Stimulus Senses Sensory Response
Taste
Food Flavor
Odor
CHEMICAL METHODS
? SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION:- Compounds thatare
dissolved orsuspended in a liquid mixtureare
separated from othercompounds in the mixture
according to theirphysical and chemical properties
? SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION, OR SPME:-
# A sample preparation technique used both in the
laboratoryand on-site
# A very shortgas chromatographycolumn turned
inside out
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC)
? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-
MS)
? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTROMETRY (GC-O)
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
? WIDELY USED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE
? EXCELLENT SEPARATION POWERS AND EXTREME
SENSITIVITY
? LOW SAMPLE CAPACITIES
? IMPOSSIBLE TO DEDUCE THE OVERALL SAMPLE
ODOR THRESHOLD
? TWO DIMENSIONAL GC (GC XGC)
methods of flavor evaluation "food evaluation"
DETECTORS USED
FID
NPD
ECD
TCD
PID
FPD
PFPD
GC-MS
GC-O
SENSORY TESTS
It involves useof senses (physiological response):
? Olfactoryreceptors
? Taste receptors
? Visual receptors
SENSORY TESTING TECHNIQUES
? Preference test - whetherpeople likeordislikea product.
E.g.:
?
?
?
Hedonic scale
Paired comparison tests
Scoring
? Discrimination test - todescribea particularattributeof a
product. e.g.
? Triangle test
? Duo trio test
? Ranking
Hedonic scale
? Samples given in a random order
? Testers have to rank in orderof preferenceof a specific
quality ( e.g. Salty taste)
? Minimum of 10 testers required togiveaccurate results
Scoring
? Food samplesare scored on a scale, between dislikeand
like.
? Testers are allowed toevaluatesamplesand score.
Triangle test
? Consists of THREE samples – 2 IDENTICAL/ 1
DIFFERENT
? Testers need to IDENTIFY the DIFFERENT SAMPLE
? More efficientthan paired comparison
Duo trio test
? Consists of THREE samples – 2 IDENTICAL/ 1 DIFFERENT
? Using one of the two identical samplesas a control, testers
are allowed todecidewhich of the other tworemaining
samples is the sameas the control.
Ranking test
? Decided on theattribute to be ranked, e.g. crunchiness.
? Testers are allowed toevaluatesamplesand place them in
rank orderaccording to the presenceorabsence of the
attribute from ‘very’ to ‘notatall’
.
OTHER TESTS
It includes:
? Threshold test
? Intensityrating test
? Time-intensity test
? Descriptive test
? Consumertest
? Qualitycontrol test
ANY QUERIES???

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methods of flavor evaluation "food evaluation"

  • 2. INTRODUCTION ? “Flavor is the sensation produced by a material taken in the mouth, perceived principally by the sensesof tasteand smell, and also by the general pain and temperaturereceptors in the mouth.” ? “ Flavor is one of the three main sensory properties which are decisive in the selection, acceptance, and ingestion of a food.”
  • 3. Stimulus Senses Sensory Response Taste Food Flavor Odor
  • 4. CHEMICAL METHODS ? SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION:- Compounds thatare dissolved orsuspended in a liquid mixtureare separated from othercompounds in the mixture according to theirphysical and chemical properties ? SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION, OR SPME:- # A sample preparation technique used both in the laboratoryand on-site # A very shortgas chromatographycolumn turned inside out
  • 5. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS ? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC) ? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC- MS) ? GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTROMETRY (GC-O)
  • 6. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ? WIDELY USED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE ? EXCELLENT SEPARATION POWERS AND EXTREME SENSITIVITY ? LOW SAMPLE CAPACITIES ? IMPOSSIBLE TO DEDUCE THE OVERALL SAMPLE ODOR THRESHOLD ? TWO DIMENSIONAL GC (GC XGC)
  • 10. GC-O
  • 11. SENSORY TESTS It involves useof senses (physiological response): ? Olfactoryreceptors ? Taste receptors ? Visual receptors
  • 12. SENSORY TESTING TECHNIQUES ? Preference test - whetherpeople likeordislikea product. E.g.: ? ? ? Hedonic scale Paired comparison tests Scoring ? Discrimination test - todescribea particularattributeof a product. e.g. ? Triangle test ? Duo trio test ? Ranking
  • 13. Hedonic scale ? Samples given in a random order ? Testers have to rank in orderof preferenceof a specific quality ( e.g. Salty taste) ? Minimum of 10 testers required togiveaccurate results
  • 14. Scoring ? Food samplesare scored on a scale, between dislikeand like. ? Testers are allowed toevaluatesamplesand score.
  • 15. Triangle test ? Consists of THREE samples – 2 IDENTICAL/ 1 DIFFERENT ? Testers need to IDENTIFY the DIFFERENT SAMPLE ? More efficientthan paired comparison
  • 16. Duo trio test ? Consists of THREE samples – 2 IDENTICAL/ 1 DIFFERENT ? Using one of the two identical samplesas a control, testers are allowed todecidewhich of the other tworemaining samples is the sameas the control.
  • 17. Ranking test ? Decided on theattribute to be ranked, e.g. crunchiness. ? Testers are allowed toevaluatesamplesand place them in rank orderaccording to the presenceorabsence of the attribute from ‘very’ to ‘notatall’ .
  • 18. OTHER TESTS It includes: ? Threshold test ? Intensityrating test ? Time-intensity test ? Descriptive test ? Consumertest ? Qualitycontrol test