Microcontrollers are mini computers that contain a microprocessor, program/data storage, and input/output peripherals on a single chip, and are used widely in embedded systems; they are programmed using languages like assembly, C, and BASIC and then compiled and transferred to the chip using a programmer. The document provides an overview of microcontrollers including common models like the PIC16F88, programming processes, development tools, and example applications to demonstrate their functionality and usage.
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Microcontrollers
1. Microcontrollers
A Practical Approach
Ernesto Arroyo
earroyo@media.mit.edu
2. What is a Microcontroller?
Mini-Computer
Microprocessor
The Brains
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Program/ Data Storage
Peripherals (Input/Output)
Low-Cost
3. Why Important?
Embedded Inside:
Automotive systems
Airplanes
Toys
Medical Devices
Furniture
Billions of units
15. Programming Languages
ASM C
Low level Most used
Full Control HiTech C
BASIC, Forth, LOGO Microchip C
Interpreted CCS PIC C
Easy to use
We will this
Slow
16. Program Example: Loop
/* pulses pin PORTB<3> /* pulses pin PORTB<3>
eight times */ eight times */
pulse: void pulse()
movlw 0x08 {
movwf counter int i;
for (i=0; i<8; i++)
pulse_lp0: { output_high(PIN_B3);
bsf PORTB, 3 output_low(PIN_B3);
}
bcf PORTB, 3
return;
decfsz counter, F
}
goto pulse_lp0
return
ASM Code C Code
18. IRX Board
PIC16F84
RS-232 Serial Port
Visible LED
Infrared LED
Infrared Detector
8 I/O Available
Prototyping Area
20. What you need
PIC C/ASM Compiler http://www.ccsinfo.com/
PIC Programmer
MPLAB IDE
Free http://www.microchip.com
21. What is the Process ?
1. Write you program 4. Insert your PIC
MPLAB Face pin 1 to resistor
C or ASM
2. Compile your program 4. Power it Up
CCS PCM
Connect 9V Battery
3. Transfer your program
Puts HEX file into the PIC 4. Debug your program
Use PICSTART and MPLAB Never works a the first time
Burns your app into the PIC
4. Repeat step 1
22. Tips
Programming Debugging
Flash LED at start up for Make sure the PIC is
500 mSec or longer inserted properly and pin 1
Program all unused I/O pins facing the resistor
to be outputs Verify you have power
Check the oscillator
23. Hands on
Make an led flash out a pattern
LED / Photdiode pair to measure something
a. variables and values
b. calibration phase
4. make a context aware something:
ideas?
sunshine alarm
headlight alarm
finger bend
back slouch measurer
curve into a paint program (button and bendy black tube)
door stop release when light turned out.