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Migration in Nepal

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Nilima Raut
Nilima Raut

The document discusses the history and current state of Gurkhas serving in the British and Indian armies. Some key points: 1) Gurkhas have a long tradition of serving in the British army dating back to 1816. Over 60,000 fought in World War I and over 100,000 in World War II. 2) The 1947 Tripartite Agreement aimed to ensure equal conditions of service for Gurkhas serving in the British and Indian armies. However, questions remain if this achieved full equality. 3) Today there are 3,800 Gurkhas in the British army and over 30,000 in the Indian army. Recruitment continues from Nepal, with over 28,000 applying annually

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NILIMA RAUT
Fighting skills of Gurkhas and their Khukuri Sugauli Sandhi 1816(Peace Treaty) and recruitment of Nepalese fighter in British East India Army Gurkhas(so-called martial race, i.e. Gurung, Magar, Rai, Limbu, Tamang, Saundra etc), not the ethnicity but named after the place Gorkha Political power games and Clan Push factors; politics, economy, skills, history
First World War- more than 65,000 men for first world war, 124,000 youths were recruited in the Second World War 10 Lakh Rupees per annum from British Government as a gift for the recruitment of Gurkhas According to British Army-nearly 20,000 in WW- I and 23,000 in WW- II and total 43,000 were killed in the various location of the earth. Still the official figure has not been published. However Gurkhas presume that more than 60,000 were killed in the wars. Did they really get the fair positions? (ref: A Tradition of Bartering or selling Nepalese Youth, Prof. Dr. Yubraj Sangraula)
The Tri-partite Agreement between the United Kingdom, India and Nepal was a treaty signed in 1947 concerning the rights of Gurkhas in military service. As a part of this arrangement, it was agreed that Gurkhas in British and Indian service should enjoy broadly the same conditions of service, to ensure that there was no unfair advantage to serving in one or other, thus maintaining economic stability and social harmony in the Gurkha recruiting areas. Thus, the governments of the United Kingdom, India and Nepal came to sign the Tripartite Agreement (TPA). ( As mentioned in Wikipedia) Did it bring the equality?
In the past 50 years they have served in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Borneo, Cyprus, the Falklands, Kosovo and in Iraq and Afghanistan. Today there are still 3,800 Gurkhas serving in British forces around the world, while more than 30,000 serve in the Indian Army The soldiers are still selected from young men living in the hills of Nepal - with about 28,000 youths tackling the selection procedure for just over 200 places each year. (ref: BBC) British Army Gurkhas take positions during a patrol in an area known as Hamburger Hill in Helmand province, Afghanistan Photo: PA (the Telegraph)
Joanna Lumley supported Gurkha Rights Campaign 2011 Britains new policy of allowing Gurkha pensioner and their family to settle in UK -2011 At present, a Gurkha pension is worth around 贈2,150 ($3,404USD) per year but increased living costs mean that approximately 贈5,000 ($7,917 USD) per year is required to live comfortably in Nepal. 100,000 possible migrants The British army reducing the number of Gurkhas by 2015 (www.towardfreedom.com -2010, www.dailymail.com) Brain drain or brain circulation?
Living standard of Migrated Gurkhas family in UK is poor ( migrants settlement) Nepal's parliamentarians now want to end the relationship and use their talents at No money: 67 year-old home Nepalese farmer and ex-British army Gurkha Padam Lal Bishwakarma, chairman of Nepal's Uman Singh Gurung in his mouldy Aldershot Parliamentary International Relations and Human bedsit, Rights Committee, told the Daily Telegraph he (Dailymail.co.uk) wanted the recruitment to end but not until the country could offer the men alternative jobs which matched its pay. No Strong return policy Why Nepal Government want to end recruitment of Gukhas in British Army? (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6Dg6 6aUsmk )
Family Trend(Lahure)/ Ethnicity Dependants High payment Securing future of 2nd and third generations Old generation, lack of resettlement program and opportunity Political purpose Lack of Policy Unstable political situation in Nepal Is this a result of politics or the ethnicity or the skills?
- HMG shall not give approval to ; If the person having qualification demanded by employment providing institution is required for the economic development of Nepal - the license holder shall not provide foreign employment to children or to women without the consent of their guardian More control over foreign migration
Department of Foreign Employment and Foreign Employment Promotion Board Equal Right for Women for Foreign Employment Proposition of special reservation on foreign employment for women, dalits, indigenous people and ethnic groups, deprived people affected by natural disaster and people living in remote areas Detailed provision regarding licenses for foreign employment agencies. Provision for people to process for foreign employment individually without using the foreign employment agencies. Provision of foreign employment welfare fund directed to the workers and their families. Foreign employment promotion; migration industry?
Main Migrants Nepal- India open border Tibetan refugees, Permanent migrants
1.4 million documented migrants and undocumented migrants are estimated to be more than that 3.5 billion US dollar remittance which contribute almost 25% of Nepal GDP(world Bank 2010) 18% decline in absolute poverty in the six years between 2003/04 and 2009/10 (central bureau of statistics Nepal) BritishGovernment pays 贈87 million a year which is 8% of GDP made by remittance (The Telegraph)
Isit fair to end the Gurkha recruitment? Who really are the beneficiaries?
Nilima Raut MAINS 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6Dg66a Usmk

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Migration in Nepal

  • 2. Fighting skills of Gurkhas and their Khukuri Sugauli Sandhi 1816(Peace Treaty) and recruitment of Nepalese fighter in British East India Army Gurkhas(so-called martial race, i.e. Gurung, Magar, Rai, Limbu, Tamang, Saundra etc), not the ethnicity but named after the place Gorkha Political power games and Clan Push factors; politics, economy, skills, history
  • 3. First World War- more than 65,000 men for first world war, 124,000 youths were recruited in the Second World War 10 Lakh Rupees per annum from British Government as a gift for the recruitment of Gurkhas According to British Army-nearly 20,000 in WW- I and 23,000 in WW- II and total 43,000 were killed in the various location of the earth. Still the official figure has not been published. However Gurkhas presume that more than 60,000 were killed in the wars. Did they really get the fair positions? (ref: A Tradition of Bartering or selling Nepalese Youth, Prof. Dr. Yubraj Sangraula)
  • 4. The Tri-partite Agreement between the United Kingdom, India and Nepal was a treaty signed in 1947 concerning the rights of Gurkhas in military service. As a part of this arrangement, it was agreed that Gurkhas in British and Indian service should enjoy broadly the same conditions of service, to ensure that there was no unfair advantage to serving in one or other, thus maintaining economic stability and social harmony in the Gurkha recruiting areas. Thus, the governments of the United Kingdom, India and Nepal came to sign the Tripartite Agreement (TPA). ( As mentioned in Wikipedia) Did it bring the equality?
  • 5. In the past 50 years they have served in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Borneo, Cyprus, the Falklands, Kosovo and in Iraq and Afghanistan. Today there are still 3,800 Gurkhas serving in British forces around the world, while more than 30,000 serve in the Indian Army The soldiers are still selected from young men living in the hills of Nepal - with about 28,000 youths tackling the selection procedure for just over 200 places each year. (ref: BBC) British Army Gurkhas take positions during a patrol in an area known as Hamburger Hill in Helmand province, Afghanistan Photo: PA (the Telegraph)
  • 6. Joanna Lumley supported Gurkha Rights Campaign 2011 Britains new policy of allowing Gurkha pensioner and their family to settle in UK -2011 At present, a Gurkha pension is worth around 贈2,150 ($3,404USD) per year but increased living costs mean that approximately 贈5,000 ($7,917 USD) per year is required to live comfortably in Nepal. 100,000 possible migrants The British army reducing the number of Gurkhas by 2015 (www.towardfreedom.com -2010, www.dailymail.com) Brain drain or brain circulation?
  • 7. Living standard of Migrated Gurkhas family in UK is poor ( migrants settlement) Nepal's parliamentarians now want to end the relationship and use their talents at No money: 67 year-old home Nepalese farmer and ex-British army Gurkha Padam Lal Bishwakarma, chairman of Nepal's Uman Singh Gurung in his mouldy Aldershot Parliamentary International Relations and Human bedsit, Rights Committee, told the Daily Telegraph he (Dailymail.co.uk) wanted the recruitment to end but not until the country could offer the men alternative jobs which matched its pay. No Strong return policy Why Nepal Government want to end recruitment of Gukhas in British Army? (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6Dg6 6aUsmk )
  • 8. Family Trend(Lahure)/ Ethnicity Dependants High payment Securing future of 2nd and third generations Old generation, lack of resettlement program and opportunity Political purpose Lack of Policy Unstable political situation in Nepal Is this a result of politics or the ethnicity or the skills?
  • 9. - HMG shall not give approval to ; If the person having qualification demanded by employment providing institution is required for the economic development of Nepal - the license holder shall not provide foreign employment to children or to women without the consent of their guardian More control over foreign migration
  • 10. Department of Foreign Employment and Foreign Employment Promotion Board Equal Right for Women for Foreign Employment Proposition of special reservation on foreign employment for women, dalits, indigenous people and ethnic groups, deprived people affected by natural disaster and people living in remote areas Detailed provision regarding licenses for foreign employment agencies. Provision for people to process for foreign employment individually without using the foreign employment agencies. Provision of foreign employment welfare fund directed to the workers and their families. Foreign employment promotion; migration industry?
  • 11. Main Migrants Nepal- India open border Tibetan refugees, Permanent migrants
  • 12. 1.4 million documented migrants and undocumented migrants are estimated to be more than that 3.5 billion US dollar remittance which contribute almost 25% of Nepal GDP(world Bank 2010) 18% decline in absolute poverty in the six years between 2003/04 and 2009/10 (central bureau of statistics Nepal) BritishGovernment pays 贈87 million a year which is 8% of GDP made by remittance (The Telegraph)
  • 13. Isit fair to end the Gurkha recruitment? Who really are the beneficiaries?