Mise-en-scene refers to everything visible within the frame of a shot including actors, lighting, d辿cor, props, costumes, and makeup. It describes how visual elements are arranged in a scene. Mise-en-scene establishes the time, location, and tone through elements like settings, costumes, lighting, the positioning of characters and objects, color use, and body language/facial expressions of actors. Directors carefully manipulate these elements of mise-en-scene to elicit reactions from audiences and enhance storytelling.