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Misplaced modifiers

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Nguy?n Duy T?nh
Nguy?n Duy T?nh

This document discusses misplaced modifiers and provides guidelines and examples. It defines a modifier as a word or phrase that functions as an adjective or adverb and changes the meaning of other words. The two main guidelines are to place modifiers close to what they modify and ensure clauses logically follow each other. The document then gives examples of misplaced modifiers and restructures the sentences to correctly position the modifiers.

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Misplaced modifiers
What is a modifier? ?A word or phrase or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb. ? It changes the meaning of another word or group of words.
Two guidelines ? Put modifiers close to what they should modify ? Make sure one clause follows from another.
Closeness ? He celebrated being in business for seven years this summer ? Where does ¡°this summer¡± belong?
Closeness ? He celebrated being in business for seven years this summer ? Where does ¡°this summer¡± belong? ? This summer he celebrated being in business for seven years.
Dangling modifiers ?A word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. ? Walking into the room, applause greeted him. ? What¡¯s wrong with this?
Dangling modifiers ? Walking into the room, applause greeted him. ? Walking into the room, he was greeted by applause ? Applause greeted him as he walked into the room
Example ? Having arrived late for practice,?a written excuse?was needed. ? Having arrived late for practice, Ha needed a written excuse. ? Ha, having arrived late for practice, needed a written excuse.
Example ? Without knowing his name,?it?was difficult to introduce him. ? Without knowing his name,?Sung found it?difficult to introduce him. ? Because Sung did not know his name, it was?difficult to introduce him.
Example ? To improve his results,?the experiment?was done again. ? To improve his results, Minh did the experiment again. ? Minh improved his results by doing the experiment again.
Examples ? After reading the original study,?the article?remains unconvincing. ? After reading the original study, Trang remained unconvinced about the article. ? After reading the original study,?Trang finds the article?unconvincing.
Examples ? ? ? ? Having arrived late for practice,?a written excuse?was needed. Without knowing his name,?it?was difficult to introduce him. To improve his results,?the experiment?was done again. After reading the original study,?the article?remains unconvincing.

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Misplaced modifiers

  • 2. What is a modifier? ?A word or phrase or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb. ? It changes the meaning of another word or group of words.
  • 3. Two guidelines ? Put modifiers close to what they should modify ? Make sure one clause follows from another.
  • 4. Closeness ? He celebrated being in business for seven years this summer ? Where does ¡°this summer¡± belong?
  • 5. Closeness ? He celebrated being in business for seven years this summer ? Where does ¡°this summer¡± belong? ? This summer he celebrated being in business for seven years.
  • 6. Dangling modifiers ?A word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. ? Walking into the room, applause greeted him. ? What¡¯s wrong with this?
  • 7. Dangling modifiers ? Walking into the room, applause greeted him. ? Walking into the room, he was greeted by applause ? Applause greeted him as he walked into the room
  • 8. Example ? Having arrived late for practice,?a written excuse?was needed. ? Having arrived late for practice, Ha needed a written excuse. ? Ha, having arrived late for practice, needed a written excuse.
  • 9. Example ? Without knowing his name,?it?was difficult to introduce him. ? Without knowing his name,?Sung found it?difficult to introduce him. ? Because Sung did not know his name, it was?difficult to introduce him.
  • 10. Example ? To improve his results,?the experiment?was done again. ? To improve his results, Minh did the experiment again. ? Minh improved his results by doing the experiment again.
  • 11. Examples ? After reading the original study,?the article?remains unconvincing. ? After reading the original study, Trang remained unconvinced about the article. ? After reading the original study,?Trang finds the article?unconvincing.
  • 12. Examples ? ? ? ? Having arrived late for practice,?a written excuse?was needed. Without knowing his name,?it?was difficult to introduce him. To improve his results,?the experiment?was done again. After reading the original study,?the article?remains unconvincing.