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Mitigating the urbanization of poverty urban farming & public food procurement for healthy cities

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Institute of Global Food and Farming, Denmark

Urbanization is truly the mark of the 21 century and with its speed the 'Urbanization of Poverty' has risen too and accounts now for 25% of the worlds' poor. Urban Farming can in this regard be part of the solution to mitigate urban poverty, which hits much harder on the urban poor when food crisis or expected price hikes in the near future will reoccur.

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Urban Farming and Public Procurement for Healthy Cities Danish NCD Alliance/CPH 19.03.2012
Outline of lecture Urbanization and the changing face of poverty Urban Farming as part of a solution Present overall project idea: Healthy cities Healthy diets: Integrating Urban Farming and Public food procurement
Urbanization: The mark of the 21 century
Urban dynamics 60 % of the world is now urban 70% in 35 years Every week a new city emerges with over 1. mio. inhabitants (mostly in developing countries) Growth of Megapolis 10 mio+ Every year the population of France migrates from rural to urban In only 35 years two more India will have emerged (2.5 billion more people)
Growing Urban Poverty Food crisis & rising food prices The Urban sectors share of the poor is rising over time Absolute poverty is higher in rural areas (75% of DCs poor still live in rural areas)
Rising food prices
2 and 3 illustrated Number of poor (millions) Percent of DWs Urban population below each share of poverty line the poor (%) Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 1$ a day 1993 236 1,036 1,272 13.5 36.6 27.8 18.5 2002 283 883 1,165 12.8 29.3 22.3 24.2 2$ a day 1993 683 2,215 2,898 39.1 78.2 63.3 23.6 2002 746 2,097 2,843 33.7 69.7 54.4 26.2
The Slum Dog Billion > 30% of the worlds urban population 1 billion people resides in slums 90% of slum dwellers live in developing world
Slum population by region
Urban Agriculture as a solution? 800 mio. people around the world make a living from urban farming major part in the metropolis of Asia 200 mio. people make a living from selling their urban farm products to a market
Cities around the world are already producing on average 1/3 of the food the inhabitants consume
3 Types of Urban farming Micro scale farm plots integrated with social housing or slum projects (often vacant intra city-plots Smaller scale multifunctional (agro)forestry in green city-corridors or peri-urban areas (often less favorable areas: Steep slopes, river banks, tree belt to stop desertfication, utilizing sewage waste)
Cluster of more intensive high-tech farming with livestock (pork, chicken and fishfarms) or greenhouse produce inter-acting in different forms of cooperation utilizing manure etc (Often Peri-urban areas)
Operating within three areas Ecological (Environmental Social (Inclusive city) Healthy city) Subsistence oriented UA Multifunctional UA Production of food for self consumption * Organic and diverse agriculture * Savings on food & health and (agro-) forestry close to expenditures consumers * Some income from selling of Combination with other functions surpluses (recreation, urban greening, * Part of livelihood strategies microclimate, park management, of the urban poor water storage, education) * CO2 reduction Market oriented UA * Income generation from producing food and non-food products for the market * Small scale family based and larger scale entrepreneurial enterprises Economical (Productive city)
Positive urban farm outcomes Poverty alleviation Reduces food expences (normally 60-80% of household budget) Potential for generating income by surplus sales (30-70$/month compared with minimum wage 20-40$/month) Generating linkages to new jobs in inputs, (organic waste collection, composting), processing and marketing, transport, veterinary services etc
Positive Urban Farm cont Healthy city - Urban food security Buffer on food hikes and food supplies securing potentially a healthy diet Regular food intake Mitigating the double burden of malnutrition wasting (weight/height) stunting (height/age) diabetes/obesity
Problems related to Urban farming Health risks for producers as well as consumers (inappropriate use of wastewater, contaminated rivers/streams) Inadequate management of livestock (confinements for collecting urine, manure risk of attracting rats)
Problems cont.. Inadequate supplies of nutrient inputs Theft Exposure to land, air, water contamination from traffic, industry Poor land use security/rights
Project idea: Healthy Cities Healthy Diets Integrating Urban farming with Public food procurement as a driver for social inclusion (School meal programs, hospitals, nursery) Children are send to school (free meal) Children can stay awake in class Higher chance teachers stay at school Medicine works (aids, TB etc) Educational integration
Urban Farming targeting: Social inclusion (garden training, nutrient and pest handling, healthy food education) Market sale (marketing training, small shop set up, new service job linkages: organic waste collection, transport, seed or seedling production) Environmental services (sanitary awareness, Greening the city, water management, Demonstration plotsn plots
Quick conclusions Agriculture & rural development are still important in mitigating poverty But new political initiatives integrating urbanization, poverty and health is needed Urban Farming offers quick and concrete solutions targeting and unifying difficult challenges: Improved food security Better sanitary services and Health Broad range of Environmental services Organic waste collection and compost making New job creation Human & political rights focus

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Mitigating the urbanization of poverty urban farming & public food procurement for healthy cities

  • 1. Urban Farming and Public Procurement for Healthy Cities Danish NCD Alliance/CPH 19.03.2012
  • 2. Outline of lecture Urbanization and the changing face of poverty Urban Farming as part of a solution Present overall project idea: Healthy cities Healthy diets: Integrating Urban Farming and Public food procurement
  • 3. Urbanization: The mark of the 21 century
  • 4. Urban dynamics 60 % of the world is now urban 70% in 35 years Every week a new city emerges with over 1. mio. inhabitants (mostly in developing countries) Growth of Megapolis 10 mio+ Every year the population of France migrates from rural to urban In only 35 years two more India will have emerged (2.5 billion more people)
  • 5. Growing Urban Poverty Food crisis & rising food prices The Urban sectors share of the poor is rising over time Absolute poverty is higher in rural areas (75% of DCs poor still live in rural areas)
  • 7. 2 and 3 illustrated Number of poor (millions) Percent of DWs Urban population below each share of poverty line the poor (%) Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 1$ a day 1993 236 1,036 1,272 13.5 36.6 27.8 18.5 2002 283 883 1,165 12.8 29.3 22.3 24.2 2$ a day 1993 683 2,215 2,898 39.1 78.2 63.3 23.6 2002 746 2,097 2,843 33.7 69.7 54.4 26.2
  • 8. The Slum Dog Billion > 30% of the worlds urban population 1 billion people resides in slums 90% of slum dwellers live in developing world
  • 10. Urban Agriculture as a solution? 800 mio. people around the world make a living from urban farming major part in the metropolis of Asia 200 mio. people make a living from selling their urban farm products to a market
  • 11. Cities around the world are already producing on average 1/3 of the food the inhabitants consume
  • 12. 3 Types of Urban farming Micro scale farm plots integrated with social housing or slum projects (often vacant intra city-plots Smaller scale multifunctional (agro)forestry in green city-corridors or peri-urban areas (often less favorable areas: Steep slopes, river banks, tree belt to stop desertfication, utilizing sewage waste)
  • 13. Cluster of more intensive high-tech farming with livestock (pork, chicken and fishfarms) or greenhouse produce inter-acting in different forms of cooperation utilizing manure etc (Often Peri-urban areas)
  • 14. Operating within three areas Ecological (Environmental Social (Inclusive city) Healthy city) Subsistence oriented UA Multifunctional UA Production of food for self consumption * Organic and diverse agriculture * Savings on food & health and (agro-) forestry close to expenditures consumers * Some income from selling of Combination with other functions surpluses (recreation, urban greening, * Part of livelihood strategies microclimate, park management, of the urban poor water storage, education) * CO2 reduction Market oriented UA * Income generation from producing food and non-food products for the market * Small scale family based and larger scale entrepreneurial enterprises Economical (Productive city)
  • 15. Positive urban farm outcomes Poverty alleviation Reduces food expences (normally 60-80% of household budget) Potential for generating income by surplus sales (30-70$/month compared with minimum wage 20-40$/month) Generating linkages to new jobs in inputs, (organic waste collection, composting), processing and marketing, transport, veterinary services etc
  • 16. Positive Urban Farm cont Healthy city - Urban food security Buffer on food hikes and food supplies securing potentially a healthy diet Regular food intake Mitigating the double burden of malnutrition wasting (weight/height) stunting (height/age) diabetes/obesity
  • 17. Problems related to Urban farming Health risks for producers as well as consumers (inappropriate use of wastewater, contaminated rivers/streams) Inadequate management of livestock (confinements for collecting urine, manure risk of attracting rats)
  • 18. Problems cont.. Inadequate supplies of nutrient inputs Theft Exposure to land, air, water contamination from traffic, industry Poor land use security/rights
  • 19. Project idea: Healthy Cities Healthy Diets Integrating Urban farming with Public food procurement as a driver for social inclusion (School meal programs, hospitals, nursery) Children are send to school (free meal) Children can stay awake in class Higher chance teachers stay at school Medicine works (aids, TB etc) Educational integration
  • 20. Urban Farming targeting: Social inclusion (garden training, nutrient and pest handling, healthy food education) Market sale (marketing training, small shop set up, new service job linkages: organic waste collection, transport, seed or seedling production) Environmental services (sanitary awareness, Greening the city, water management, Demonstration plotsn plots
  • 21. Quick conclusions Agriculture & rural development are still important in mitigating poverty But new political initiatives integrating urbanization, poverty and health is needed Urban Farming offers quick and concrete solutions targeting and unifying difficult challenges: Improved food security Better sanitary services and Health Broad range of Environmental services Organic waste collection and compost making New job creation Human & political rights focus