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MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
A Study on the Evaluation Model of Fun in MMORPGs
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20009???

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MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
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2009???

MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
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2009? 8?

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2009? 8?

- i -
? ?
???···················································································································· ⅰ
????················································································································ ⅱ
???? ·············································································································· ⅶ
1. ?? ··················································································································· 1
1.1. MMORPG ?? ?? ??? ??? ··················································· 4
1.2. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ·························································· 7
1.3. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??·············································· 9
1.4. ??? ?? ? ??? ??·································································· 13
2. ?? ??? ??··························································································· 19
2.1. ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ································································ 19
2.2. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ···································· 22
2.3. ??? ?? ······························································································ 26
3. MMORPG? ?? ?? ?? ···································································· 34
3.1. ?? ???? ?? ················································································ 34
3.2. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??····································· 40
3.2.1. ??(Flow) ?? ················································································· 40
3.2.2. ??(Motivation) ?? ······································································ 43
3.3. MMORPG? ??? ??? ??? ??··········································· 45
3.4. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) ??·············································· 57
3.4.1. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??·················· 58

- ii -
3.4.2. MMORPG ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ······················ 59
3.5. MMORPG ?? ??? ?? ???? ··········································· 63
3.5.1. MMORPG ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ······································ 63
3.5.2. MMORPG ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ·································· 66
3.5.3. MMORPG ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ······································ 68
3.5.4. MMORPG ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ···························· 69
4. AHP? ??? ???? MMORPG? ?? ? ??··························· 70
4.1. ????? ?? ?? ············································································ 70
4.2. ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ···················································· 71
4.3. AHP? ?? MMORPG ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ·············· 79
4.4. ??? MMORPG? ?? ??? ?? ············································· 83
4.5. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??··················································· 88
5. ?? ················································································································· 92
5.1. ??? ??································································································ 92
5.2. ? ??? ?? ? ?? ········································································ 93
????············································································································ 95
??·················································································································· 107
ABSTRACT········································································································ 110
??? ?············································································································ 112

- iii -
? ? ?
<? 1> ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ········································· 25
<? 2> Fun ? Enjoyment? ?? ?? ??? ?? ························· 30
<? 3> FlowTheory???????????Player?????????·· 43
<? 4> ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???······· 54
<? 5> ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??········· 55
<? 6> MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??·············· 61
<? 7> MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??························ 62
<? 8> ??? ??? ?? ??······························································· 64
<? 9> ??? ??? ?? ??······························································· 65
<? 10> ??? ??? ?? ??····························································· 65
<? 11> ??? ????? ??? ?? ??······································· 66
<? 12> ?? ??? ?? ?? ······························································· 69
<? 13> ???? ???? ?? ??····················································· 70
<? 14> ??? ?? ?? ??? ??··················································· 70
<? 15> WOW? ?? ?? ??······························································ 72
<? 16> WOW? ??? ????···························································· 72
<? 17> Aion? ?? ?? ??································································ 73
<? 18> Aion? ??? ????······························································ 74
<? 19> Lineage2? ?? ?? ??························································· 74
<? 20> Lineage2? ??? ????······················································· 75
<? 21> WOW? ?? ?? ???·························································· 76
<? 22> Aion? ?? ?? ???···························································· 77
<? 23> Lineage2? ?? ?? ???····················································· 78

- iv -
<? 24> ??? ????? ??? ??················································· 80
<? 25> ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???····························· 81
<? 26> ???? ??? MMORPG? ??? ?? ??·················· 82
<? 27> ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??······································· 89
<? 28> 3? MMORPG? ?? ??? ? ?? ??························ 91

- v -
? ? ? ?
<?? 1> Space War ················································································· 10
<?? 2> Pong ······························································································ 10
<?? 3> Tetris ····························································································· 10
<?? 4> WOW(World of Warcraft Online) ········································· 10
<?? 5> DDR(Dance Dance Revolution) ·············································· 11
<?? 6> SEGA-R360 ·················································································· 11
<?? 7> ???? ????? ??? ??? Wii Sports? ??···· 12
<?? 8> ???Wii? ???? ????··············································· 12
<?? 9> ?? ?? ? ?? ····································································· 16
<?? 10> Fun? Enjoyment ??? ?? ?? ··································· 31
<?? 11> Fun of Stand Alone Gameplay? Fun of Online
Gameplay? ??? ?? ??··············································· 33
<?? 12> ???? ??? ?? ?? ··················································· 36
<?? 13> ??? ????? ??··························································· 39
<?? 14> Flow??? ??? ??? ??············································ 41
<?? 15> ??(Flow)? ?? ??? ???? ?? ·························· 42
<?? 16> The Theoretical Model of Sport Enjoyment ····················· 44
<?? 17> Malone? ???? ??? ??? ?????·················· 47
<?? 18> Ermi & M?yr?? ????? ??? SCI ?? ??······· 49
<?? 19> ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???······················· 53
<?? 20> MMORPG? ?? ?? ??·················································· 56
<?? 21> MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ???································ 59
<?? 22> ?? ?? ??? ?? ??··················································· 60

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<?? 23> 1, 2? FGI ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??·· 61
<?? 24> ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????····························· 67
<?? 25> ?? MMORPG ?? ???·················································· 68
<?? 26> WOW? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??·························· 83
<?? 27> Aion? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??···························· 85
<?? 28> Lineage2? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??····················· 87

- vii -
? ? ? ?
MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?
? ?? ? ??? ??(stand alone) ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?
?? ???? ??. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?
?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????(heuristic) ???
??? ??. ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ??
? ?? ???? ??? ?? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ????,
? ???? ???? ? ??? ??.
? ??? ????, ??(Flow) ??, ??? ????? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? 20??
? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????, Ermi & M?yr?(2005)?
????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ??
??? ?? AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) ??? ???? ???
??, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? 4? ???
???? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ???
??? ?? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?????.
??? ??? ?? ??? ????? 3? MMORPG? ??? ?
? ??? 87?? ???? ??? ??, WOW, Aion, Lineage2???
?? 75.247?, 68.649?, 62.205?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??
MMORPG ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? WOW? ?
? ???? ???? ?????, Aion? Lineage2? ??? ?? ??
?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ? ????

- viii -
??? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????.
? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ??
? ???? ????, ? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.
????? ? ???? ??? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?
? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ???, ?????? ?? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?
?? ???. ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??
???? ??.

- 1 -
1. ??
?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?
????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?
?. ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???
????? ????? ?????, ????, ???, ?????, ???
?, ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??
?? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
? ???? ?? ???? ??.
?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?
??? ???? 2000?? ?? ????? ??? 20～30????? ?
???? ??? ???? ?????? ??(???, 2005).
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???
??, ?????, ??, ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
? ????? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ‘??
(fun)’? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?
? ‘??’?? ??? ???? ??(????, 2000; ??? ?, 2004; ?
??, 2006; Akira, 2006; Vorderer ?, 2003).
MSN ????? ?? ???? ‘??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?
?’[something played for fun: an activity that people participate in,
together or on their own, for fun, It's only a game! (encarta.msn.com)]
?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ‘?? ??’ ?
? ? ? ??.
??? ???? ????? ? ??? ?????, ?????? ??,

- 2 -
??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? “?????”?? ?
?? ?, ?? ? ‘??’? ??? ????, ????? ? ‘??’? ??
? ???, ? ‘??’? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?? ??.
?????? ‘??’? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??
? ? ???, ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ‘??’
? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ????. ? ?????? ??? ?
?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????, ????
??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
?? ????(???, 2007). ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???
?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??
???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?
?? ?? ????.
?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?
? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???
?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?
?? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???
PC ??? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ? ?
?? ‘??? ??’? ????? ?? ????(???, 2004).
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??
? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?
? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??. ???? ???
??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ??

- 3 -
‘??’ ???? ????.
?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ????
?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???
??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? MMORPG? ??? ??
??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????
‘??’? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ??.
??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? MMORPG
(Massively Multi-player Online Role Playing Game)? ?? ?? ???
????, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process: ?????, ?? AHP)? ?
??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??
???. ? ???? ??? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??
??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?
??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???.

- 4 -
1.1. MMORPG ?? ?? ??? ???
??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??? ???? ??
???? ???? ??. ?? ??(physical activity)? ???? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???
??? ??? ??(peak performance)? ??? ?? ??.
?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?
?? ?? ??. ????? ??? ?? ??? ???(usability) ??
???? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????? ???
(pleasure)? ? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??
(Shneiderman B., 2004; Blythe, Mark A. ?, 2003). ??? ?? ????
? ???(usefullness)? ???(enjoyment)? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??(D. L. Hoffman, T. P.
Novak, 2006).
??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??
? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???
????? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??. ? ?
?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?
? ?? ???? ????? ??. ????? ??, ???, ??? ?
??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???
?? ???? ???? ??. Trevino & Webster(1992)? ??? ??
???? ??? ????? ???, ???(2007) ?? ??? ????
??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??
?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.

- 5 -
???? ??? ??? ?(2002)? ??? ????? ??? ???
??? ??? ?? ? ??, ? 11??, ? 22??? ?? ? ???, ?
??, ??, ???, ???, ??? ? 7?? ??? ????? ???.
??? ?(2006)? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????,
??, ???? ??? ??? ??? 7??? ??? ??? ??? ?
??, ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.
???(2005, 2007)? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??
???? ?????, ??? ?? ? ?????? ???? ?????
?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???, ?? ???, ???, ???, ??
??, ????? 6???? ?????.
???(2006)? ??????? ??(Flow) ??? ???? ?????
? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??,
????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??
?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?
?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???.
??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???
(Koster, 2005)? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ????, ‘??
? ???? ??'?? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ? ?
???? ???(text)? ???? ???? ‘?? ?? ??? ? ?’ ?
??? ???? ????? ????? ???(????, 2004. 6.8.).
??? ??? ?? ??, ??, ?? ? ?? ?????? ??? ?
??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?
??. ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?
? ????? ??? ????(??? ??? ?, 2004; ???, 2004).
??? ??? ????? ?? ??. ?????? ??? ?? ???

- 6 -
?? ???? ??? ???? ??.
???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?
??? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ???? ???,
???, ???, LCD? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ?
?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? 45%, ???? ????
36%? ????. ????? ???, ???, LCD? ?? ?? ???
???? ??????, 2003? ?? 5? ?? ?? 10? ??? ???
?(ZDNET, 2009. 5.24).
??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?????? ???
? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???. ??? ??? ?? ???? ???
??? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ???
??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???
?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ???? ??? ??
? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ????? ??? ??
???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???. ??
? ???? ? ??? ?? ? MMOPRG? ?? ?? ??? ????
????, ? ???? ????? ??. MMORPG? ??? ????
??? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ?
??.
? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???
? ???? ???? ??? AHP ??? ???? MMORPG? ??
?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??
????? ????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???.

- 7 -
1.2. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??
??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???, ???, ???, ??
?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??
? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??. ??? ????
??? ??.
??, ??? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ‘? ??? ???’?
? ??? “?? ??????”?? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ?
? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? “??????”? ?
? ?? ????, ? ??? ?? ????. ?? ?? ????? ??
? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?
??? ??? ?? ???(???? ???? 2006:439).
?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?
? ? ?? ???? ??? ???. ??? ??? ????? ????
??? ???, ??, ???, ??, ??, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???
? ??. ???(2007)? ‘??’? ???? ???, ??? ??(????,
??, ???, ?? ?), ??? ??(???, ??, ??? ?) ??? ??
?? ?? ????? ??. ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????
???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??.
??, ??? ?? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
??. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???
?? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??(Garneau, 2001)? ?? ???
??? ????(beauty), ??(immersion), ??? ????(intellectual
problem solving), ??(competition), ??? ????(social interaction),
???(comedy), ???? ?? ??(thrill of danger), ??? ??

- 8 -
(physical activity), ??(love), ??(creation), ??/?(power), ??
(discovery), ??? ??(advancement and completion), ??? ??
(application of ability) 14?? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??,
? ?? ??, ???? ??, ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?
? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???
?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.
??, ??? ?? ?????. ??? ? ??? ??, ??, ????,
?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? ???, ?? ????? ???? ?
?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??. ?? ?????? ‘??? ??
(individual interest)’?? ??? ???, ??? ??, ??, ??? ??
???? ??? ????? ??(???, 2007). ? ?? ???? ??
??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??. ??? ??? ????
??? ??? ??.
??, ??? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?
??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ???, ??? ???? ???
??? ??? ????. ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
??? ???? ???? ?? ????.
???, ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ????,
??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ???????? ?? ??? ?
??? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ????
?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???
?? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??. ?
?? ????(Blizzard)?? ??????(StarCraft)? ? ?? ???
950?? ? ????? 450??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ??

- 9 -
?? ???? ??(Matthias Rauterberg, 2004; ???? 2009. 5. 21). ?
?? ?? ??? PC? ??, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?
?, ??????? ???, ?? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??
?? ????? ??.
1.3. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??,
?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ??
??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ??.
??, ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???
???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??
??, ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?
?? ???? ??. ??? ??(2008:2-19)? ??? ??? ?? ???
?? ?????, ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?
? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
?? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?(Space War)? ?
(Pong), ??? ????? ????, ???? MMORPG? ??(WOW:
World of Warcraft Online)? ???(Lineage), ???? ???(Star
Wars Galaxy) ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???(Metal Gear
Solid)? ???(Halo), ???? ??? DDR(Dance Dance Revolution)
?? ????, ??? ????? ???? 360? ???? R360? ??
? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? R360?
??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?

- 10 -
?? ???(ilinx)? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????, ??
(agon)? ??(mimicry)? ??? ????? ??? ? ??(?? ??
??, 1999).
??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????
? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. ? ???
??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?
?? ????.
<?? 1> Space War <?? 2> Pong
<?? 3> Tetris <?? 4> WOW

- 11 -
<?? 5> DDR <?? 6> SEGA-R360
??, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?
??? ??. ??? ??? ??? 1960?? Space War? Pong ???
?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???
???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?
?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?
?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???. ??? ??
3D ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??
? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??. ???, ?
??, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????(???,
2007). <?? 7>, <?? 8>? ?? ?? ??? ??? Wii? ?? ???
???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
???? ??? ??? ???? ??.
??, ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???.
??, ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??. ???
??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??
?? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???

- 12 -
??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??. ?? ??? ??? ?
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
?? ??? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?
? ?????. ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??
? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???
???? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???
??? ????? ??? ??? ???(??? ?? ?, 2008:12-19).
<?? 7> ???? ????? ??? ??? Wii Sports? ??
<?? 8> ???Wii? ???? ????

- 13 -
1.4. ??? ?? ? ??? ??
??? ??? ???? ???? ???, ???, ???? ?? ??
?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??, ?
? ??? ????? ???? ??(Pine and Gilmore, 1999). ??? ?
? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?
???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??
???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???
??? ?? ????.
??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??
??? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??, ? ?? ??? ?
??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????
??? ? ?? ?? ??? ????. ? ??? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??
??? ?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ?
? MMORPG? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??. ?
? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??
? ?? ????? ???? 3? ??? ??? ??(WOW), ???
(Aion), ???2(Lineage2)? ???? ??? ????. ? ???
MMORPG? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????
MMORPG? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????,
MMORPG? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???.
??? MMORPG? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ? ?? ??? ?

- 14 -
?? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ?????(Malone, 1980), ??
? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??(???, 2006). ?
? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??(Ermi &
M?yr?, 2005). ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?
? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?? ???? ?
?? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
???? ?? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?
?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?
? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??.
? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?
???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?
??? ???? ??, ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?
?? ??? ?? AHP ??? ????? ??.
AHP? ??? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????
????? ??? ???? ??? ??(Tomas Saaty)? ?? ??? ?
??? ???? ?????. AHP? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??
??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? ????
(pairwise comparison)? ?? ???? ???? ? ??. AHP? ??
? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?
??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ?? ???? ???? ?
??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????(????, 2008).
? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? MMORPG? ?

- 15 -
????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????
???? ??? AHP? ??? ???? ????? ? ? ??.
? ????? ??? ?? 4?? ???? ?????.
??, MMORPG? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?
??? ???? ????? ????. ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?
? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ???
? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?, ?? ?? ??? 10? ?? ??
10? ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? 4??
???? ??????, ? ??? 5??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.
? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?????
? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???
?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????
????? ?? ??, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??
? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ?
?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ??
??? ????(?????????, 2006). ??? ? ????? ??
??? ??? ?? ???? 10? ??? ?? ??????? ???
?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??, ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???
??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???
????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???
? ??.
??, ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?
??? ???(weight value)? ???.
??, ? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???

- 16 -
?? ???? MMORPG? ????.
????? ? ??? ?? ???? MMORPG? ?? ?? ???
????, ? ??? ???? ??? ???? MMORPG? ???? ?
? ???? ??? ??? ???, MMORPG? ?? ??? ??? ?
?? ???? ? ???. ?????? MMORPG? ?? ??? ???
??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???
? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ???.
<?? 9> ?? ?? ? ??
? ??? ??? ??? ??.
1? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???
??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???

- 17 -
??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? MMORPG? ??
?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ? ??? ???
??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??
? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.
2???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????, ? ??? ??
? ??? ??? ????. ?? ???? ????? fun? pleasure,
enjoyment? ?? ??? ??? ????, ? ??? ??? ??? ?
???? ????(operational definition) ??? ????, ? ??? ?
??? ?? ??? ????.
3???? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?
?? ?? ??? ????. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??
??? ??(Flow) ??, ??(motivation) ??? ?? ????. ??
MMORPG? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???
? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? 10
? ??? FGI(Focus Group Interview)? ?? ??? ?? ? ???,
??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????
????.
??? ????? ? ??? ??? AHP ??? ?? ????, ??
? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??
???? ???? ? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??, ?? ?
? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ????.

- 18 -
4???? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ????. ??
AHP? ?? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? MMORPG? ????, ??
?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ????? ? ????
??? MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.
5? ????? ? ?? ??? ????, ? ??? ??? ????
???, ??? ??? ?? ????.

- 19 -
2. ?? ??? ??
2.1. ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
?? ??? ?? ??? ???.
??, ??, ???, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??
???, ????(extreme) ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?
??? ????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ???(2004)?
??? ????? ???? ??(being) > ??(doing) > ??(having) >
??(seeing) ??? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ??? 4??? ??
??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?
? ??(another self)? ???? ??? ????? ??, ??, ??, ?
?? ??? ?????? ??.
??? ?(2006), ???(2003), ???(2001), ???????(1995) ??
?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ??(mastery), ??
?(self-determination), ?????(self-efficacy), ???(competence), ??
(competition), ??(challenge), ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ?
??(2000)? ??? 5??(五道樂: ???, ???, ???, ???, ??
?)?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??(fun)?
???(pleasure ?? enjoyment)? ??? ???? ???? ??.
??, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?
???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ??? ???
?(2006)? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?

- 20 -
? ??? ???? ???? ???? '?? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???'? ???? ?????
??? ?? ??? ???? ??(symbol), ???(newness), ???
(vividness)? ?????. ??? ?(2005)? ??? ???? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???, ?????, ???, ???, ?
???, ????? ?? ??? ?????.
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? Malone(1981)? ?
?? ???? ??? ??? ??(challenge), ???(fantasy), ???
(curiosity)? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ???
??. ??????(2004)? ??? ??? ????? ???(Flow)? ?
???? ??(skills)? ??(challenge)??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?
??? ? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??
? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? ?
?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ??
?? ??? ??. ??? Flow ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??. Sweetser &
Wyeth(2005)? ?? ??? ????? ??, ??, ??, ??, ???
??, ???, ??, ??? ???? 8??? ?? ??? ????
??, ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ? ??? ??
?? ? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????
?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?
?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?
?(?????, 2001; ???, 2003; ???, 2002; ???, 2003; ???,
2000). ??? ???? ?? ??? ????, ???, ??, ??? ?

- 21 -
?, ?? ??, ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ???, ???, ????,
????, ??????? ??, ?????? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??
?? ?? ???? ??.
??, ??, ??, ???, ??, ????? ?? ????? ????
???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??
? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???, ???
?????? ??(narrative)? ???? ??? ????, ???? ??
?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??.
???, ????? ???? ???? ??(fun)? ??? ???? ?
?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ???
? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??.
?? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ‘????’?
????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??(fun)? ??(technology)
? ???? ????(Funology)?? ???? ?????(Shneiderman,
2004; Wensveen, 2004; Carroll, 2004; Blythe, 2003; ??? ?, 2007).
???, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?
?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?
?? ???? ??. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???
??, ???, ???, ?? ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???
?? ??(Prensky, 2000; Malone, 1980).
???, ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ? ??(fun
management)? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??? ?????
??? ???? ‘Good Place to Wok’? ??(Levering, 1998). ? ???
?????? ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.

- 22 -
2.2. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?????
? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????
????, ??? ??, ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ????
??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??
????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??
??? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ??(????, 2008:318-344).
??? ??(light user)? ?????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??
? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???, ??? ???? ?? ?
?? ???? ??? ???. ??? ?? ??(heavy user)? ??? ?
?? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??? ????, ??? ???
? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ????? ???
??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ?? ????
???? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????, ??? ?
??? ?????? ? ? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ??(?
??, 2009).
??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???
??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.
??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ????. ? ????? fun?
enjoyment ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??
? ??(operational definition)? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
?? ??.
??, ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??

- 23 -
? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??(case study)?? ???? ????
??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??
? ?????? ????? ??.
??, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???
???? ??? ???. ??? ? ????, ??? ??? ??? ??
? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?
?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????.
? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ??
?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??.
??, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???
?? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??? 1??? ????? ???
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????. ? ???
?? AHP ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.
???, ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????
???. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ? ??? ????
??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ? ???
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????, 3? MMORPG?
???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? <? 1>? ??.

- 24 -
? ? ?? ?? ??? ??
Malone, T. W.
(1980)
?? ?????? ??? ??
??????? challenge (goal,
uncertain outcome, self-Esteem),
fantasy(intrinsic/extrinsic), curio
sity(censory/cognitive) ???
??
??? ??? ?? ?
?? ?? ????
heuristic???. ???
??? ?? ??? ?
?? ?
Garneau, P. A.
(2001)
?? ??? ??? 14? ???
?? (beauty, immersion, intel-
lectual problem solving, compe-
tition, social interaction, comedy,
thrill of danger, physical activi-
ty, love, creation, power, disco-
very, advancement & completion
application of an ability)
??? ??? ?? ?
??? ??, ??? ?
?? ?? ??, ???
?? ??? ??
Vorderer, P.
(2002)
??(competition)? ??(enjoy-
ment)? ???? ??? ??
?. ????? ??? ?? ?
???? ??
??? ?? ??? ??
?, ????? ?? ?
?? ?????? ??
Yamashita
(山下利之) ?
(2004)
??? ??? ?? ??? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ??
? ?? RPG/?????, ??
?/???, ???/???, ??
?/??????? ??? ??
? ?? ??
??? ??? ??? ?
?, ???? ??? ?
? ??? ?? ???
??? ??????, ?
?? ??? ?? ??
???
(2004, 2007)
?? ??? ???? ???
?? ??? ??, ?? ???
?? ?? ??, ??? ???
???? ???? ??? ??
??
?? ???? ???
???? ???? ??
? ??? ?? ???
??? ??? ??
Wilson, T. D.
(2005)
uncertainty(????)? pleasure
(???)? ???? ??? ??
? ??
?? ??? ????
?? ?? ??? ??
?? ??

- 25 -
Raph Koster
(2005)
??? ??????? ????
???? ??? ?? ????
? ????? ????? ??
? ??? ??
??? ??? ?? ?
??? ??, ??? ?
?? ?? ??
Sweetser &
Wyeth
(2005)
??? ?? ?? ??? ??
??, ??, ??, ??? ??,
???, ??, ??? ???? 8
??? ?? ??? ??
??(Flow) ??? ??
?? 8?? ?? ???
?? ??????, ??
? ??? ???? ?
??? ??
??? ?
(2005)
??? ???? ????? ?
?? ?? ??? ?? ???
???, ?????, ???, ?
??, ????, ????? ??
??? ??
???2 ?? ????
????? ?? ?? ?
?? ?? ??? ??,
2?? ???? ??,
??? ??? ???
???
(2005)
????? ?????? ??
?? ??? ???? ???
?? ?? ??, ??? ??
?? ????? ???
?? ??? ??? ?
???
Ermi &
M?yr?(2005)
Malone(1980)? ?????? ?
??? ????? ??? ??
? ????? ???? SCI(Sen-
sory, Challenge, Imagination) ?
? ??
???? ???? ?
???? ?? ???
??? ??? ????
???, ??? ????
?? ?? ??? ??
??? ??
Baba Akira
(馬場章)
(2006)
??? ??? ?? ??? ??
? ?? ?? ????? ???
???? ???? ?? ???
? ??? ??? ???? ??
? ?? ??
??? ??? fun ??
? ??? pleasure ?
??? ???? ??,
???? ?? ??
<? 1> ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??

- 26 -
2.3. ??? ??
???? ???? ??(fun)? ???(pleasure ?? enjoyment)? ?
? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??. ??(fun)? ???(pleasure
?? enjoyment)?? ?? ????. Henderson(1999)? ??? ‘???
? ??(fun)? ???(pleasure ?? enjoyment)? ??? ??? ???
?????? ????, ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??’?? ??
?. ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? pleasure?
enjoyment? ???? ?????. pleasure? ??????? ??? ?
??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ????(entropy, ? ??
?? ???)? ???. pleasure? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?
??, ?? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ?? ?, ??, ??, ???
?? ????? pleasure? ?????. ?? enjoyment? ??? ??
?? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???
? ????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ??
? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ? ?, ??? ? ?, ??
? ? ?, ‘????’?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??
??. ??? ???? ???? ???? pleasure? ?? ? ??. ??
? enjoyment? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??
pleasure? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????, enjoyment? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?
?. ???(2006)? Carrol(2004)? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ??? ?? ???? ???, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??.
??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??

- 27 -
??(←滋味)[??]
1. ?????? ??? ???? ??
?? ??? ??/?? ??? ??/???? ??/???
??? ???/??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??
????/? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???
2. ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
??? ??? ??? ????/??? ??? ????/???,
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??/??
??? ??? ??? ?????
3. ?? ??? ??
??? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ????/?? ?? ???
??? ???? ???? ??? ????/???? ??? ???
??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???.
????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?
?? ? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ?
? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? 1?? ??? ?? ??
? ?? ? ?? ?? ???, 1?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?
?? ?? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???
??? ? ????? ??? ?? ? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?
????? ??? ?? ? ??(??? ?, 2007).
??? fun? enjoyment? ?? ??? ????. ????? ? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ???, pleasure, enjoyment? ??????
?? ????.
????? ?? ‘??’? ??(滋味)?? ??? ? ???? ‘?’??
? ????? ?? ‘??’ ????, ? ??? ??? ???. ???
??? ‘????’?? ????? ?? ???. ????? ??? ??
? Fun? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??.

- 28 -
??? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ??
[???????]
???? [???]
?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
[???] ??(?) ??
1. ?? ??? ???
????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???
????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??????
2. ?? ??(性的)?? ???? ????
[???] ??(?) ???
?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ???
[??? ????]
fun〔〕?n?
1. ??, ??, ??, ??(merriment), ??, ???, ?
??? He is fond of fun ?? ??? ????
??? A picnic would be fun ?? ?? ???? ???
2. [?? be? ???] ???? ?[??]
《★ ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??》
??? He is good[great] fun ?? ???? ????
3. ? ??, ??
━ vi , vt 《??》 ????, ????(joke), ???(kid)
━ a 《??》 ???, ????, ???
??? a fun party ??? ??

- 29 -
??? really a fun person ??? ??? ??
? funny a
1.【???·??】amusement; enjoyment; fun; interest
2.【??】satisfaction
3.【??? ???】favorableness; good
4.【??】health; safety
5.【??】hobby; comfort
[??? ????]
おもしろ·い?[面白い]????? ??? ?? ??? ???
1.????
～かおをしている ????? ??? ?? ??
よく～冗談じょうだんをいう人ひと ??? ??? ? ?? ??
2.????? ??? ???
このごろ勉强べんきょうが～ ?? ??? ????
パ―ティ―は～·かった ??? ????
かいしゃへ行いっても～·くない ??? ??? ???? ??
3.??? ?? ??? ???
～ゲ―ム ?? ?? ??
なかなか～論ろんぶんだ ? ?? ?? ????
4.?(???? ???) ?????? ?? 否定形? ?? ?? ??
けいえい態じょうたいが～·くない ?? ??? ?????? ??
母ははの容ようだいが～·くない ???? ??? ?? ???
商しょうばいが～·くて止やめられない ??? ??? ??? ??
??
[??? ?????]

- 30 -
??, ??, ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????, ??,
??, ??? ??? ??. ??, ??, ???, ??? ??? ??. ??
? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
??? ???? ??? ???? ??. ??, ??, ??, ??? ???
??? ? ? ??. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
????? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ?
??? ????? ??? ??? ? ???, ??? ??? ??? ??
??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??.
?? ??? ?? fun? enjoyment? ??? ????? ??? ??.
? ? Fun Enjoyment
Podilchak
(1985)
???? ??? ???? ?
? ???? ????
???? ??? ???? ??
?? ?? ??
Izard
(1991)
???? ??? ??? ?
???, ??? ??
??? ??? ??? ???
???? ??
Henderson
etals.(1999)
?? ??? ??? ???
???? ??
???(novelty), ??(goals),
??(control), ??(accomplish-
ment), ???(self-awareness)
?? ??
??? ?
(2007)
?? ???? ???? ?
???? ??? ?? ???
????? ?? ? ??
???, ???(pleasure): ???
??? ?? ???? ????
? ??? ? ??? ??
<? 2> Fun? Enjoyment? ?? ?? ??? ??
?, Fun? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ?
???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????, ??? Enjoyment? ??
?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??, ??, ???,
??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??

- 31 -
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??, ??
? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ????? ???? ?
?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ? ????? ?????? ???
??? ??? ??? ??? ‘?????? ??(fun of gameplay)’??
????? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??
??? ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??, ?
?, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??(stand alone) ????
? ?? ? ?? ?? ????.
??? ??? ??? ?? <?? 10>? ??.
<?? 10> Fun? Enjoyment ??? ?? ??
????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
???, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ?
????? “??? ?????? ??”? ‘??? ?????? ?? ?
? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??, ??
? ??, ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? ????.’? ????.

- 32 -
???? ‘?? ???’? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??
?? ???? ??? ??, ???? ????? ????.
??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???
? ???? ????, ?? ‘??? ?????? ??’? ??? ???
? ???? ??? ???.
??? ?? ???? ???? ?, ????? ?? ?? ?????
??? ???. ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???
??. ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? ??
?. ??? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ??
?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ???
?? ??? ????? ??, ??, ??, ??? ?? ???? ???
?. ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?
?? ???? ??? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?
???? ???? ??(Ermi & M?yr?, 2005).
??? ?????? ??(fun of online gameplay)? ?? ??
“??? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ???
??? ????, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?
???? ??? ????.”
??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ??
? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? <?? 11>? ??.

- 33 -
<?? 11> Fun of Stand Alone Gameplay? Fun of Online
Gameplay? ??? ?? ??
? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.
???? ??(online game): ????? ?? ??? ???? ????
????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?
?? ???? ??(????, 2008).
???? ?? ??(stand alone game): ??? ??? ???? ????
???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ??
??.
???(skills): Flow ??? skill? ???? ????? ????? ??
????, ??? ??? ???? ???, ????? ??? ???
??? ??? ????? ??(technology)?? ??? ??? ??
????? ??.
??????(gameplay): ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?
???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????(???,
2002).

- 34 -
3. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??
3.1. ?????? ??
??? ??? ??? ????? ‘??(agon)’? ‘?? ??’? ???
???? ??(?? ????, 1993). ?? ???? ? ?, ???? ??
? ?? ??? ??(stand alone) ??? ??? ?????? ????.
??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???, ?? ? ? ??? ?
?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? ?
? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
?, ?? ??, ???, ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?
?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?
???(artificial intelligence) ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?
???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ???(Will Wright,
SIMS ???? ???)? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??
(electronic games)?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??
?(SimCity)? ??(Sims)? ?? ???(electronic toys), ?? ????
? ?????? ???? ???. ? ?? ???? ????? ???
???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ???
?? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ???
??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ??.
1980???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???
? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?
? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????

- 35 -
???. ?? ???(text) ??? MUD(Multi User Dungeon) ???
1996? ??? ???? ??? MUD ??? ‘??? ??’? ?? ??
? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?
???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ??
? ??? ????.
??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ???
?????? ??, ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??.
?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ?
????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. ?? ???? ?
? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??. ? ?????? ????
?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????(???, 2005).
??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ????, ?? ?
???? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??
?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??, ???, ??
?? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
(Vorderer, 2004). ?? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??
? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???
? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?
??? ???? ??? 26%(?? 35.6%, ?? 15.8%)? ?? ?? ??
??. ?? ????? ???? ?9?～14?? 48.6%, ?15?～19??
42.3%, ?20?～24?? 30.8%, ?25～29?? 30.8%? ??? ???? ?
?? ???? ??? ??? TV??(24.4%)?? ?? ??? ???. ?
?? ??? ?? ????? ????, ? ???? ?? ????? ?
???? ?????? ?? ???? ??. ???? ???? ?? ?

- 36 -
? ?? ??? ?????? ??(33.4%), ??(23.2%)?? ?? ???
??? ?? 33.1%? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?9
?～14?? 33.6%, ?15?～19?? 28.4%? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
? ????(????, 2008:318-327).
??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??(?
?? ? 2008:21).
???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?
???, ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???
?? ?? ???. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?
? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ???
?(2006:68-76)? '??'? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?
?? ???? ?? ???‘?? ????? <?? 12>? ?? ????
??.
<?? 12> ???? ??? ?? ??

- 37 -
?? ???? ????? ? ?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???
? ?? ???, ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???
?? ?? ??? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ????
??? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ?
?. ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????
?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????.
?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????
???? ?? ??? ???? ??. ? ??? ? ??? ???? ??
? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ???. ??
? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?
? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????
???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???
?? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????
???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??(??? ?, 2007:34-35).
???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ??????
?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? '? ???? ??'?
?. ????(2008:335-338)? ??? ??? ?? ?? 1??? ?? ??
?? ??, '?????'? ?? 47.9%(?? 50.1%, ?? 44.7%?? ??
?? ????, ??????? 21.4%? ? ?? ??? ????.
?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????
TV??, ??? ??, ????, ???? ?? ? ?? ? ??. ???
?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?
? ?? ??. ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?, ?? ?
? ????(協應能力)? ????? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?
?. ??? ??(stand alone) ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?

- 38 -
?? ??, RPG(Role Playing Game) ??? ??? ?? ??,
MMORPG? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ? ?
? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??. ??
???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????.
???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?
? '??'? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? '??'? ????? ??? ?
?? ???
'??? ?? ?? ?? ??'? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
? ??? ???? ??? ?????(decision making and action), ?
?? ?? ? ??? ??(instant feedback)???? ?????? ??
?? ????(interaction)? ??? ???(Bruce Shelley, 2001;
Costikyan, 2002; Malone, 1981).
??? ????? ? ????? ??(action)?? ???? ??? ?
?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???.
??? ?? MMORPG?? ????? ?????, ??? ??????
??? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??
? ????? ???? ??? ? ??. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????
? ?? ????? ??? ? ??. ? ???? ??? ????? ?
? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? '??'? ?? ???(sense of
control)? ??? ? ??? ?? ????(??????, 1994). ???
???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??
??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???
?????? ????.
??? ???(Richard Rouse, 2001:1-6)? ???? ??? ?? ??

- 39 -
? ??(challenge), ???(socialize), ?? ?? ??, ???, ??? ?
?, ???? ????? ?????, ??? ????(Chris Crawford,
2005:14-28)? ??(representation), ????(interaction), ??(conflict), ?
??(safety)? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ??
??(fantasy)/??(exploration), ??(nose-thumbing), ????(proving
oneself), ??? ????(social lubrication), ??(excercise), ??? ??
(need for acknowledgement)? ?????.
??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?
? ??? ??? ???? ???, ?? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ?
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ? ??
?? ??? ??? ????(social interaction)? ??? ??? ???
??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? <?? 11>
? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??
? ? ??. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??, ???
???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???
?? ??? ?? ? ? ??(???????, 2007; ???, 2005).
<?? 13> ??? ????? ??

- 40 -
3.2. MMORPG? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??
3.2.1. ??(Flow) ??
??(Flow) ??? ?????? ??? 30? ??? ??? ?? ??
????. ??(Flow)?? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?
???(challenge)? ??(skills)? ?? ?? ????, ??? ?? ??
? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ????
?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??(optimal experience)?
?? ??? ??? ??, ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??
? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ????
??, ???(self-consciousness)? ?? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?
???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???(sense of control)? ?
??? ??. ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
???? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?
????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??(??????, 2004).
??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????
<?? 12>? ??. ??????? ??? ??? ???(game difficulty)
?, ??? ????? ??(play skills)? ???? ???? ? ??. ?
??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???
?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???
????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ??? ????? ????
?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???
? ??.

- 41 -
<?? 14> Flow??? ??? ??? ??
??????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ? ??? ?? ???,
?? ??? ??? ? ???(loyalty) ???? ???? ?? ?? ??
?? ????(???, 2006; ???, 2004). ?????? ??? ??? ?
??? ????, ????? ? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ???, ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ???
??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?
?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?
???? ? ? ??. ?? ???? ???? <?? 15>? ??.
<?? 15> ??(Flow)? ????? ???? ??

- 42 -
??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?
? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ?
? ?? ??(???, 2005; ???, 2008; ???, 2006), ?? ?????
??, ?? ??? ??(???, 2000; ???, 2002), ??? ??? ??
? ?? ??(???, 1999; ??? ?, 2006; ??? ?, 2001; ???,
2002; ??? ?, 2006), ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?
?(??? ?, 2004; ??? ?, 2006; ??? ?, 2007) ???? ???
?? ?? ??(???, 2006; ???, 2003) ?? ?????. ??? ?
???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???
??? ?? ??.
???(2006:11)? ??(Flow) ??? ??? ????? ???? ??
?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???
?? ? ???(enjoyment)? ??? ??? ??? ??.
<? 3 > Flow Theory? ?? ??? ??? ?? Player? ??? ??? ??

- 43 -
3.2.2. ??(motivation) ??
?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??. ?? ???
? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???
??? ?? ????.
??? ?? ?? ??(intrinsic motivation)? ?? ??(extrinsic
motivation)? ???. ?? ??? ??? ???(achievement)? ???
(self-determination)? ?? ??? ???(Deci & Ryan, 1980). ? ???
????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ? ??. <?? 16>? ?? ????, ?? ????, ?? ?? ??
?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?
? ???? ??. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??(Scanlan & Lewthwaite, 1986).
??-??(Achievement-Intrinsic) ?? ????? ????? ??
(winning), ??(reward), ?? ??(demonstrating ability)? ??? ??
? ??, ??-??(Achievement-Extrinsic) ?? ????? ???? ?
? ??(positive social evaluation), ??? ?? ??? ??(social
recognition of achievement) ?? ??? ??? ??.
???-??(Non-Achievement-Intrinsic) ?? ????? ??
(sensation), ?? ??(tension release), ??(action), ??(competition)?
??? ??? ??, ???-??(Non-Achievement-Extrinsic) ?? ??
??? ????(affiliation with peers), ???? ????(positive social
interaction with adults)? ??? ????(Scanlan & Lewthwaite, 1986;
???, 2006:20-22).

- 44 -
<?? 16> A Theoretical Model of Sport Enjoyment
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?
??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?
?? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ????. ? ???? ???? ?
??? ???? ??? ‘??? ???, ??? ???, ??? ???’
? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??
?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ??(?? ??, 2003).
??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???(monster) ?
? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??(??
? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?)? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?
??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ?????
?????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
????? ???? ??. ?? ?? ??? ???, ? ???? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ??.

- 45 -
?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??(mastery)
? ?? ?????(self-efficacy)? ???? ?? ?????? ???
???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??, ??
???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???, ?????????
??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ?
?? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??
??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ???
???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????
? ???? ? ? ??.
3.3. MMORPG? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ????? ??
???? ?? ??(agon)?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????,
??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?
?? ?????, ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???
????? ???. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???
????? ??? ????? ? ? ??? ??? ??.
??(Civilization) ??? ???? ?? ???(Sid Meier)?, ???
“?? ?? ??? ??”??? ???, ???? ???(Rollings &
Adams)? “??? ???? ???? ?????? ??”??? ???.
?? Salen & Zimmerman? “??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?

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