Mobile phones
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This document provides an overview of the components and functionality of mobile phones. It discusses the RF parts including up/down converters and antennas used to transmit and receive signals. It describes the baseband part which converts signals to a format carried over the GSM network. Other components discussed include ADCs/DACs, operating systems, connectivity options, batteries, microphones, speakers, cameras, displays, and keypads. It provides advantages of mobile phones like emergency use, communication, connectivity, and internet access. It ends with some facts about mobile phones and their computing power and popularity compared to other technologies.
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Arquitectura de red
[editar]Reparto del espectro disponible
V辿anse tambi辿n: Canal de comunicaciones, SDMA, TDMA, FDMA, Espectro electromagn辿tico y Frecuencia
Lo primero a lo que nos enfrentamos al dise単ar la estructura de red para un sistema de telefon鱈a m坦vil es la limitaci坦n en el rango de frecuencias disponibles. Cada "conversaci坦n" (o cada cliente de tr叩fico de datos) requiere un m鱈nimo de ancho de banda para que pueda transmitirse correctamente. A cada operador en el mercado se le asigna cierto ancho de banda, en ciertas frecuencias delimitadas, que debe repartir para el env鱈o y la recepci坦n del tr叩fico a los distintos usuarios (que, por una parte, reciben la se単al del otro extremo, y por otra env鱈an su parte de la conversaci坦n). Por tanto, no puede emplearse una sola antena para recibir la se単al de todos los usuarios a la vez, ya que el ancho de banda no ser鱈a suficiente; y adem叩s, deben separarse los rangos en que emiten unos y otros usuarios para evitar interferencias entre sus env鱈os. A este problema, o m叩s bien a su soluci坦n, se le suele referir como reparto del espectro o divisi坦n del acceso al canal. El sistema GSM basa su divisi坦n de acceso al canal en combinar los siguientes modelos de reparto del espectro disponible. El primero es determinante a la hora de especificar la arquitectura de red, mientras que el resto se resuelve con circuiter鱈a en los terminales y antenas del operador:
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Divisi坦n del tiempo en emisi坦n y recepci坦n mediante TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access, o acceso m炭ltiple por divisi坦n del tiempo);
Separaci坦n de bandas para emisi坦n y recepci坦n y subdivisi坦n en canales radioel辿ctricos (protocolo FDMA, Frequency Division Multiple Access o acceso m炭ltiple por divisi坦n de la frecuencia);
Variaci坦n pseudoaleatoria de la frecuencia portadora de env鱈o de terminal a red (FHMA, Frequency Hops Multiple Access o acceso m炭ltiple por saltos de frecuencia).
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This document describes a DTMF controlled robot that can be operated using a mobile phone. It uses a DTMF decoder module connected to an Arduino microcontroller to decode tones from the phone's keypad and control a DC motor. When buttons are pressed on the remote phone, the corresponding tones are decoded to control the robot's movement - button 2 moves it forward, 8 moves it backward, 4 turns it left, and 6 turns it right. Button 5 stops it. The robot has applications in hazardous environments, search and rescue operations, and can be controlled remotely via GSM networks. Further improvements proposed include adding obstacle detection sensors and a camera for remote viewing.BSNL Internship presentation for Electrical and Electronics
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E.E. Essential Knowledge Sereies
My Online Courses: https://www.byparams.com/courses
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Mobile phones
- 1. Created By Charith Thambavita THE MOST FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
- 3. The History Of Mobile Phones
- 4. Block Diagram Of Gsm Mobile Phones
- 5. RF PART Every mobile phone have RF frequency up and Rf Frequency down converter up converter converts modulated baseband signal RF down converter converts RF signal to baseband signal
- 6. Antenna And Rx/Tx Switch Antenna is the metallic object which converts electro-magnetic signal to electric signal and vice versa Commonly used helix type, planar inverted F type, whip or patch type antennas Micro strip based patch type of antennas are popular
- 7. Tx/Rx Switch Tx/Rx Switch is used to connect both Tx path and Rx path with antenna at different times. Tx/Rx Switch is controlled automatically by DSP based on GSM frame structure Baseband Part This part basically converts voice/data to be carried over GSM air interface to I/Q baseband signal.
- 8. ADC & DAC GSM mobile phone to make it work with GSM network/base station. Protocols ADC(Analog to Didital Converter) & DAC(Digital to Analog Converter) is used to convert analog speech signal to Digital signal & vise versa in the mobile.
- 9. Application It also runs on CPU. various applications run in GSM mobile phone. It include audio,video and image/graphics applications.
- 10. Operating System various operating systems are supported in mobile phone such as Symbian,java,android,RT- Linux,Palm.
- 11. Connectivity To make data transfer fast between mobile phone and other computing devices (laptop, desktop, tablet) various technologies are evolved which include WLAN, Bluetooth,USB. GPS(global positioning system) is used for location assistance and will enable google map to work efficiently.
- 12. Battery Major source of power to make/to keep mobile phone functional. various types of batteries made of Nickel Cadmium(NiCd),Nickel Metal Hydride(NiMH), based on lithium,Li- ion and so on.
- 13. Microphone Microphone or mic converts air pressure variations(result of our speech) to electrical signal. condenser,dynamic,carbon or ribbon are various mic types used in mobile phones.
- 14. Speaker It converts electrical signal to audible signal(pressure vibrations) for human being to hear.
- 15. Camera Mobile phone camera feature is available for one to click pictures at various occasions. It is the major specifications in increasing cost of mobile phone.
- 16. Display Display is the intermediate component LCD(liquid crystal display), TFT(Thin-film transistor) screen,OLED(organic light emitting diode),TFD(thin film diode), touch screen of capacitive and resistive type are various types of displays.
- 17. Keypad Earlier days keypad was simple matrix type keypad which contains numeric digits Now days keypad has been removed from the phone design and it has become part of mobile phone software. It pops on the display screen itself which can be operated by user using touch of a finger tip.
- 18. Advantages Of Mobile Phones Helpful in emergency. Texting Improve Communication Skills Connecting People Use for internet Find your destination with GPS
- 19. 5 FACTS ABOUT MOBILE PHONES
- 20. Do You Know?? Your mobile phone has more computing power than the computers used for the Apollo 11 moon landing.
- 21. Do You Know?? More people in the world have mobile phones than toilets
- 22. Do You Know?? Nomophobia is the fear of being without your mobile phone or losing your signal.
- 23. Do You Know?? Over 250 million Nokia 1100 devices were sold, making it the bestselling electrical gadget in history.
- 24. Do You Know?? The average person unlocks his or her smartphone 110 times each day.
- 25. THE END