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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

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pamkahl

Mobile phones can empower women in developing regions in several ways: 1) Phone ownership is equivalent to five extra years of education and allows economic empowerment through access to information and ability to start small businesses. 2) Exposure to media on phones reduces women's tolerance of domestic violence and gives them a greater sense of possibility and opportunity through access to social connections and information. 3) While phones may increase decision making autonomy and reduce fertility preferences, independent decision making and changes in attitudes often depend on socializing men and addressing issues like ongoing access and literacy.

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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women In Developing R i W I D l i Regions Pam Kahl University of Washington MCDM Digital Media in Emerging Markets Fall 2009
Fertility Choices Ch i Tolerance for Domestic Violence EMPOWERMENT Economic Independence Decision Making M ki Autonomy
MDG3 Promote gender equality and empower women Education Political Employment Decision Opportunity Making
Key Findings Positive Ownership equivalent to five extra years of education Tool for economic empowerment Less tolerance for domestic violence Sense of possibility Less Fertility preferences Independent decision making Negative Source of distrust
SIMM Marketplace Grameen meets Ebay
UmNyango Spotlight on gender-based violence
CycleTel Family planning goes SMS
No Silver Bullet Phones and Airtime Cost $$ SMS requires literacy Aggravates gender conflicts No guarantee of access
Looking Ahead L ki Ah d Increased access to information and social connections improves sense of opportunity Positive indicators that economic empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts Must socialize new ideas with men as much as women Change takes time
Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions
Sources African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation. http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell , ( , ) g g Phones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com Buskens, I. Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009). Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women and ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment Diga, K., Diga K Dev M Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and M., B (2008) Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda
Sources Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved http://www.nation.co.ke Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning- via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort? , , ( ) Evidence from South Africa
Sources Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and Mobile Telephony: Implications for Womens Development and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954 Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable- impact-mobile-microfinance-simm p
Photo Credits Associated Press Brendan Bannon/CARE Phil Borges/CARE Josh Estey/CARE David Rochkind/CARE

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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

  • 1. Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women In Developing R i W I D l i Regions Pam Kahl University of Washington MCDM Digital Media in Emerging Markets Fall 2009
  • 2. Fertility Choices Ch i Tolerance for Domestic Violence EMPOWERMENT Economic Independence Decision Making M ki Autonomy
  • 3. MDG3 Promote gender equality and empower women Education Political Employment Decision Opportunity Making
  • 4. Key Findings Positive Ownership equivalent to five extra years of education Tool for economic empowerment Less tolerance for domestic violence Sense of possibility Less Fertility preferences Independent decision making Negative Source of distrust
  • 5. SIMM Marketplace Grameen meets Ebay
  • 6. UmNyango Spotlight on gender-based violence
  • 7. CycleTel Family planning goes SMS
  • 8. No Silver Bullet Phones and Airtime Cost $$ SMS requires literacy Aggravates gender conflicts No guarantee of access
  • 9. Looking Ahead L ki Ah d Increased access to information and social connections improves sense of opportunity Positive indicators that economic empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts Must socialize new ideas with men as much as women Change takes time
  • 11. Sources African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation. http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell , ( , ) g g Phones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com Buskens, I. Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009). Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women and ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment Diga, K., Diga K Dev M Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and M., B (2008) Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda
  • 12. Sources Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved http://www.nation.co.ke Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning- via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort? , , ( ) Evidence from South Africa
  • 13. Sources Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and Mobile Telephony: Implications for Womens Development and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954 Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable- impact-mobile-microfinance-simm p
  • 14. Photo Credits Associated Press Brendan Bannon/CARE Phil Borges/CARE Josh Estey/CARE David Rochkind/CARE