Mock test
Download as ppt, pdf0 likes213 views
This document contains instructions for 5 mock test questions on basic electrical circuit analysis. Question 1 asks to use source transformations to find current in a circuit if a 5 ohm resistor dissipates 15W of power. Question 2 asks to use network reduction techniques to find the current through a 10 ohm resistor. Question 3 asks to use mesh current analysis to find the value of R in a circuit. Question 4 asks to use nodal analysis to find the voltage Vx in a circuit. Question 5 asks to derive the expression for voltage discharge of a capacitor through a resistor and plot the graph.
1 of 1
Download to read offline
Ad
Recommended
MESH AND SUPERMESH ANALYSIS
MESH AND SUPERMESH ANALYSISjignesh prajapati
油
This document discusses two methods for circuit analysis: mesh analysis and supermesh analysis. Mesh analysis involves identifying each loop or "mesh" in the circuit and assigning a mesh current to each one. Kirchhoff's voltage law is applied to write an equation for each mesh. Supermesh analysis combines meshes that share a current source into a single "supermesh". This reduces the number of mesh equations but introduces additional equations for the current sources. The document provides examples of setting up and solving systems of equations using both mesh and supermesh analysis.contoh soal rangkaian listrik
contoh soal rangkaian listrikWidyaningsih Mareta Sari
油
The document provides instructions for solving circuits using different analysis methods like nodal analysis and mesh analysis. It asks the reader to use nodal analysis to find voltages at various nodes labeled v1 through v4 for the circuit shown in Figure 1. It also asks the reader to use mesh analysis to find the current Io for the same circuit and to find the voltage vs and current is for another circuit shown in the figure.Ece 126
Ece 126Rx H
油
This document summarizes the design of a constant current reference circuit. It includes a circuit schematic, HSPICE code, and analysis of the current output. The constant current reference uses a start-up circuit, cascode bias circuit, and current reference circuit to output a constant current of 25 microamps. Simulation results show the circuit operates as intended, maintaining the target output current.L10 dc circuits
L10 dc circuitsSatyakam
油
Node voltage analysis uses Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) to write equations relating the voltages at each node in a circuit. One node is selected as the reference node with a voltage of 0 V. An equation is written for each remaining node by setting the algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving the node to 0. The system of equations can then be solved to determine all node voltages in the circuit.Project1
Project1Rx H
油
This document summarizes a student's design project to create a constant current reference circuit. It includes the circuit schematic and HSPICE code for the design. Simulation results show the design produces a constant current output within the required range of 1.8VDD (+/- 10%), demonstrating the circuit works as intended.3 nodal analysis
3 nodal analysissharifahjamilah67
油
The document discusses the steps of nodal analysis which includes choosing a reference node, assigning voltages to nodes, applying Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at each node to obtain equations relating currents and voltages, and solving the system of equations to determine node voltages. An example circuit is presented and nodal analysis is performed on it by defining node voltages, writing KCL equations, and solving to find the output voltage. Nodal analysis is a technique for analyzing electrical circuits by writing equations at nodes based on KCL.Lab 4 Report Switching Voltage Regulators
Lab 4 Report Switching Voltage Regulators Katrina Little
油
This lab experiment introduces switching voltage regulators. The student will build a switching regulator circuit to output 5V from a 10V input. Key measurements will include output voltage and current at varying input voltages and load resistances. Data will be plotted and compared to the LM2576 datasheet values. The load regulation and inductor voltage waveforms will also be analyzed.lcr circuit implementation using matlab
lcr circuit implementation using matlabSunny Choudhary
油
This document discusses implementing RLC circuits using MATLAB. It first provides a brief overview of RLC circuits, noting they have a resistor, inductor and capacitor. It then discusses calculating effective resistance using impedance and modeling series RLC circuits using equations involving voltage, current and resistance. The document concludes by showing MATLAB code to plot the voltage of an undamped parallel RLC circuit over time by defining variables, calculating constants, and using plotting commands.Day 6-notes-mesh-analysis
Day 6-notes-mesh-analysissana9292
油
Mesh analysis is a circuit analysis technique that uses mesh currents as variables. It involves identifying loops called meshes, applying Kirchoff's voltage law (KVL) to each mesh to write equations relating the mesh currents, and solving the equations simultaneously. Mesh analysis is best for circuits with fewer meshes than nodes and works for planar circuits. Nodal analysis uses node voltages as variables and is better for circuits with fewer nodes than meshes, as well as non-planar circuits and circuits with current sources. Both techniques have their uses, and it is good to be familiar with both.ECA - Lecture 03
ECA - Lecture 03Hassaan Rahman
油
1) The document discusses basic circuit analysis techniques including circuit abstraction, voltage, current, resistance, nodes, branches, loops, and Kirchhoff's laws.
2) Key circuit concepts covered are open and short circuits, voltage and current division, and mesh analysis.
3) Mesh analysis involves identifying all loops in a circuit, labeling loop currents, applying Kirchhoff's laws, and solving equations to determine the currents through each component.Circuit lab 5 kirchoffs voltage law (kvl)@taj
Circuit lab 5 kirchoffs voltage law (kvl)@tajTajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund
油
The document outlines an experiment in an electronics laboratory to verify Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) using series-parallel circuits. It includes the theoretical background, necessary equipment, procedures for conducting the experiment, and instructions for reporting the findings. The objective is to understand and apply KVL to determine equivalent resistance and validate it through experimental and analytical methods.kirchoff law
kirchoff lawNishant Katara
油
This document discusses Kirchoff's laws, which are two circuit analysis laws developed by Gustav Kirchoff in 1845. The first law, known as Kirchoff's voltage law (KVL), states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. The second law, known as Kirchoff's current law (KCL), states that the algebraic sum of the currents at any node or junction in a circuit is equal to zero. The document provides examples of applying KVL and KCL, including using mesh analysis, and contains three review questions about Kirchoff's laws and circuit analysis techniques.Kirchh
Kirchhramakrishnamundru471
油
The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two simple circuit analysis rules used to analyze electrical circuits. The junction rule states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving. The loop rule states that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be zero. An example of each rule is provided. The document also discusses sign conventions for applying the rules and uses of Kirchhoff's laws, such as determining currents and potential differences.Lab 3 Report Linear Voltage Regulators
Lab 3 Report Linear Voltage RegulatorsKatrina Little
油
The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on linear voltage regulators aimed at maintaining a regulated voltage output, detailing equipment and pre-laboratory preparations. It includes experimental procedures for measuring output voltage, input current, efficiency, and dropout voltage using specified operational amplifiers and voltage regulators. Data collected will be compared with datasheet values for the 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators to analyze performance characteristics.kirchoff's rules
kirchoff's rulesRG Luis Vincent Gonzaga
油
This document discusses Kirchhoff's rules for calculating current and voltage in circuits. It explains that Kirchhoff's junction rule states that the sum of all currents entering a junction must equal the sum of all currents leaving. Kirchhoff's loop rule states that the algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed circuit loop must be zero. The document then works through an example calculation using these rules to find the currents I1, I2, and I3 and the total voltage VT in a circuit with multiple branches and loops.Swan all pass
Swan all passHoopeer Hoopeer
油
The document discusses the design of a CMOS voltage adjustable all-pass circuit intended for variable phase control, with potential applications in phase-locked loops and phase correction. It outlines the theoretical framework and circuit architecture, including references to previous work, and includes simulation results using SPICE and symbolic analysis with Mathcad. Additionally, it lists various research topics from the Microsystems Laboratory, including applications in hearing loss and heart rhythm modeling.Bee (kvl)
Bee (kvl)nafisa rahman
油
This presentation summarizes Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL). KVL states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be equal to zero. It is one of Kirchhoff's circuit laws derived by Gustav Kirchhoff. KVL can be expressed as the algebraic sum of all the voltage rises and drops around a closed loop equalling zero. An example circuit is provided and KVL is applied to solve for the currents and voltages.Kirchhoffs laws
Kirchhoffs lawsamckaytghs
油
Kirchhoff's laws describe how electric current and voltage behave in circuits:
1) Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving it.
2) Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of the voltages around any closed circuit loop is equal to zero. The voltage provided must equal the voltage used.
3) These laws allow analysis of complex circuits involving multiple batteries, cells, and circuit components by systematically tracing loops and applying the rules that voltage is positive when traveling in the direction of conventional current and negative when traveling opposite.Lab 7 Report Voltage Comparators and Schmitt Triggers
Lab 7 Report Voltage Comparators and Schmitt TriggersKatrina Little
油
The document outlines the objectives and procedures for a laboratory experiment focused on voltage comparators and Schmitt triggers using operational amplifiers. It details the setup, simulations, data collection, and analysis methods, including circuit designs and comparisons with theory. The conclusion highlights the significance of using voltage comparators in circuit design, the application of Schmitt triggers, and the successful implementation of a pulse width modulator. RLC circuit
RLC circuitUNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
油
The document discusses the parallel RLC circuit and its response over time. It examines the circuit's behavior under different conditions such as being overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped. Graphs and equations are presented showing the voltage response of RLC circuits under these conditions. Examples are also provided of determining the current and voltage outputs of various RLC circuits over time.Matlab solving rlc circuit
Matlab solving rlc circuitAmeen San
油
This document discusses solving RLC series parallel circuits using Simulink. It introduces Kirchhoff's voltage law and differentiating the voltage equations to express the RLC response in general form. It provides a Simulink model for a series RLC circuit and instructs the reader to change component values and make a parallel RLC model. It also introduces the SimPowerSystems library for modeling electrical systems in Simulink and lists some commonly used blocks with an example circuit.Kirchhoff law
Kirchhoff lawVASUDEV SHRIVASTAVA
油
Kirchhoff's laws describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. The two laws are:
1. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a node in a circuit equals the total current leaving it, expressing the conservation of electric charge.
2. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltages in any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero, expressing the conservation of energy.
The laws were first described by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845 and are foundational to circuit theory. They allow analysis of currents and voltages in circuits.DigSILENT PF - 2 dcc
DigSILENT PF - 2 dccHimmelstern
油
The 2DCC relay series model covers all common non-directional relays and allows for separate earth fault CT inputs. While the actual high set element multiplies the phase current settings, the model uses a separate high set for each phase and earth current for simplicity. The relay's high set time curve is approximated using a discrete time function since PowerFactory cannot directly model the curve.KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAW
KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAWSiddhi Shrivas
油
This document discusses Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), which states that the algebraic sum of currents in any node of an electrical circuit is equal to zero. It provides examples of nodes, closed loops, and how to apply KCL to find unknown currents. Kirchhoff's Current Law results from the conservation of electric charge and means the total current entering a node equals the total current leaving that node.mesh analysis
mesh analysisVimal Sangar
油
Mesh analysis is a technique for analyzing electrical circuits using loops or meshes. It involves assigning a mesh current to each loop and writing Kirchhoff's voltage law equations for each mesh. The mesh equations take the form of a matrix equation that can be solved for the unknown mesh currents. Key aspects of mesh analysis include defining mesh currents, writing KVL equations clockwise around each mesh, identifying common resistance terms between meshes, and handling circuits with current sources by removing the source and including it as a constraint.Voltage series feedback
Voltage series feedbackPRAVEENA N G
油
This document discusses voltage series feedback amplifiers. It defines voltage series feedback as a voltage amplifier topology where voltage is sampled at the output and mixed at the input. The key properties are:
- The voltage gain (Av) is VO/VI and the feedback factor (硫) is Vf/Vo.
- Input resistance (Rif) increases compared to the open loop input resistance (Ri), where Rif = Ri(1 + 硫Av).
- Output resistance (Rof) decreases compared to the open loop output resistance (Ro), where Rof = Ro/(1 + 硫Av).Power system fault analysis ppt
Power system fault analysis pptkarikalan123
油
The document appears to be a technical paper on electrical engineering topics related to symmetrical components, transformer energization, and fault analysis. It includes diagrams of symmetrical component representations of faults, discussions of transformer magnetic flux and core saturation during energization, and waveform diagrams of currents and voltages under different fault conditions.EXpt 04 on EEE lab
EXpt 04 on EEE lab ForaziRobin
油
This document describes an experiment to solve an electrical circuit using mesh analysis. The key steps of mesh analysis are: 1) identify the number of meshes in the circuit, 2) assign a current to each mesh, and 3) apply Kirchhoff's voltage law around each loop to generate equations that can be solved for the mesh currents. The experiment uses a DC circuit board to build a 2-mesh circuit and measures the mesh currents experimentally and theoretically to compare the results.L38 3ph im
L38 3ph imSatyakam
油
The document discusses different types of starters used for induction motors, including direct online, star-delta, and autotransformer starters. It explains that starters are needed to limit high starting currents in induction motors, which could damage motor windings. The star-delta starter is described in more detail, noting that it initially connects the stator in a wye configuration to reduce starting current and torque by a factor of sqrt(3) compared to direct online starting, allowing the motor to safely accelerate before switching to a delta connection for full voltage operation.L36 3ph im
L36 3ph imSatyakam
油
This document discusses the working principle and key concepts of induction motors, including:
- Rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator which cuts the rotor conductors and induces current in them. This current opposes the magnetic field and generates torque causing the rotor to rotate.
- Synchronous speed is determined by the number of poles and supply frequency. Slip is the difference between synchronous and actual rotor speed.
- Rotor frequency and emf are proportional to slip speed which is the difference between synchronous and actual rotor speed. Rotor resistance and reactance also vary with slip speed.
- An example problem is given to determine synchronous speed, slip, and various speeds for a 4-pole inductionMore Related Content
What's hot (20)
Day 6-notes-mesh-analysis
Day 6-notes-mesh-analysissana9292
油
Mesh analysis is a circuit analysis technique that uses mesh currents as variables. It involves identifying loops called meshes, applying Kirchoff's voltage law (KVL) to each mesh to write equations relating the mesh currents, and solving the equations simultaneously. Mesh analysis is best for circuits with fewer meshes than nodes and works for planar circuits. Nodal analysis uses node voltages as variables and is better for circuits with fewer nodes than meshes, as well as non-planar circuits and circuits with current sources. Both techniques have their uses, and it is good to be familiar with both.ECA - Lecture 03
ECA - Lecture 03Hassaan Rahman
油
1) The document discusses basic circuit analysis techniques including circuit abstraction, voltage, current, resistance, nodes, branches, loops, and Kirchhoff's laws.
2) Key circuit concepts covered are open and short circuits, voltage and current division, and mesh analysis.
3) Mesh analysis involves identifying all loops in a circuit, labeling loop currents, applying Kirchhoff's laws, and solving equations to determine the currents through each component.Circuit lab 5 kirchoffs voltage law (kvl)@taj
Circuit lab 5 kirchoffs voltage law (kvl)@tajTajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund
油
The document outlines an experiment in an electronics laboratory to verify Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) using series-parallel circuits. It includes the theoretical background, necessary equipment, procedures for conducting the experiment, and instructions for reporting the findings. The objective is to understand and apply KVL to determine equivalent resistance and validate it through experimental and analytical methods.kirchoff law
kirchoff lawNishant Katara
油
This document discusses Kirchoff's laws, which are two circuit analysis laws developed by Gustav Kirchoff in 1845. The first law, known as Kirchoff's voltage law (KVL), states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. The second law, known as Kirchoff's current law (KCL), states that the algebraic sum of the currents at any node or junction in a circuit is equal to zero. The document provides examples of applying KVL and KCL, including using mesh analysis, and contains three review questions about Kirchoff's laws and circuit analysis techniques.Kirchh
Kirchhramakrishnamundru471
油
The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two simple circuit analysis rules used to analyze electrical circuits. The junction rule states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving. The loop rule states that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be zero. An example of each rule is provided. The document also discusses sign conventions for applying the rules and uses of Kirchhoff's laws, such as determining currents and potential differences.Lab 3 Report Linear Voltage Regulators
Lab 3 Report Linear Voltage RegulatorsKatrina Little
油
The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on linear voltage regulators aimed at maintaining a regulated voltage output, detailing equipment and pre-laboratory preparations. It includes experimental procedures for measuring output voltage, input current, efficiency, and dropout voltage using specified operational amplifiers and voltage regulators. Data collected will be compared with datasheet values for the 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators to analyze performance characteristics.kirchoff's rules
kirchoff's rulesRG Luis Vincent Gonzaga
油
This document discusses Kirchhoff's rules for calculating current and voltage in circuits. It explains that Kirchhoff's junction rule states that the sum of all currents entering a junction must equal the sum of all currents leaving. Kirchhoff's loop rule states that the algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed circuit loop must be zero. The document then works through an example calculation using these rules to find the currents I1, I2, and I3 and the total voltage VT in a circuit with multiple branches and loops.Swan all pass
Swan all passHoopeer Hoopeer
油
The document discusses the design of a CMOS voltage adjustable all-pass circuit intended for variable phase control, with potential applications in phase-locked loops and phase correction. It outlines the theoretical framework and circuit architecture, including references to previous work, and includes simulation results using SPICE and symbolic analysis with Mathcad. Additionally, it lists various research topics from the Microsystems Laboratory, including applications in hearing loss and heart rhythm modeling.Bee (kvl)
Bee (kvl)nafisa rahman
油
This presentation summarizes Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL). KVL states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be equal to zero. It is one of Kirchhoff's circuit laws derived by Gustav Kirchhoff. KVL can be expressed as the algebraic sum of all the voltage rises and drops around a closed loop equalling zero. An example circuit is provided and KVL is applied to solve for the currents and voltages.Kirchhoffs laws
Kirchhoffs lawsamckaytghs
油
Kirchhoff's laws describe how electric current and voltage behave in circuits:
1) Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving it.
2) Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of the voltages around any closed circuit loop is equal to zero. The voltage provided must equal the voltage used.
3) These laws allow analysis of complex circuits involving multiple batteries, cells, and circuit components by systematically tracing loops and applying the rules that voltage is positive when traveling in the direction of conventional current and negative when traveling opposite.Lab 7 Report Voltage Comparators and Schmitt Triggers
Lab 7 Report Voltage Comparators and Schmitt TriggersKatrina Little
油
The document outlines the objectives and procedures for a laboratory experiment focused on voltage comparators and Schmitt triggers using operational amplifiers. It details the setup, simulations, data collection, and analysis methods, including circuit designs and comparisons with theory. The conclusion highlights the significance of using voltage comparators in circuit design, the application of Schmitt triggers, and the successful implementation of a pulse width modulator. RLC circuit
RLC circuitUNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
油
The document discusses the parallel RLC circuit and its response over time. It examines the circuit's behavior under different conditions such as being overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped. Graphs and equations are presented showing the voltage response of RLC circuits under these conditions. Examples are also provided of determining the current and voltage outputs of various RLC circuits over time.Matlab solving rlc circuit
Matlab solving rlc circuitAmeen San
油
This document discusses solving RLC series parallel circuits using Simulink. It introduces Kirchhoff's voltage law and differentiating the voltage equations to express the RLC response in general form. It provides a Simulink model for a series RLC circuit and instructs the reader to change component values and make a parallel RLC model. It also introduces the SimPowerSystems library for modeling electrical systems in Simulink and lists some commonly used blocks with an example circuit.Kirchhoff law
Kirchhoff lawVASUDEV SHRIVASTAVA
油
Kirchhoff's laws describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. The two laws are:
1. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a node in a circuit equals the total current leaving it, expressing the conservation of electric charge.
2. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltages in any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero, expressing the conservation of energy.
The laws were first described by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845 and are foundational to circuit theory. They allow analysis of currents and voltages in circuits.DigSILENT PF - 2 dcc
DigSILENT PF - 2 dccHimmelstern
油
The 2DCC relay series model covers all common non-directional relays and allows for separate earth fault CT inputs. While the actual high set element multiplies the phase current settings, the model uses a separate high set for each phase and earth current for simplicity. The relay's high set time curve is approximated using a discrete time function since PowerFactory cannot directly model the curve.KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAW
KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAWSiddhi Shrivas
油
This document discusses Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), which states that the algebraic sum of currents in any node of an electrical circuit is equal to zero. It provides examples of nodes, closed loops, and how to apply KCL to find unknown currents. Kirchhoff's Current Law results from the conservation of electric charge and means the total current entering a node equals the total current leaving that node.mesh analysis
mesh analysisVimal Sangar
油
Mesh analysis is a technique for analyzing electrical circuits using loops or meshes. It involves assigning a mesh current to each loop and writing Kirchhoff's voltage law equations for each mesh. The mesh equations take the form of a matrix equation that can be solved for the unknown mesh currents. Key aspects of mesh analysis include defining mesh currents, writing KVL equations clockwise around each mesh, identifying common resistance terms between meshes, and handling circuits with current sources by removing the source and including it as a constraint.Voltage series feedback
Voltage series feedbackPRAVEENA N G
油
This document discusses voltage series feedback amplifiers. It defines voltage series feedback as a voltage amplifier topology where voltage is sampled at the output and mixed at the input. The key properties are:
- The voltage gain (Av) is VO/VI and the feedback factor (硫) is Vf/Vo.
- Input resistance (Rif) increases compared to the open loop input resistance (Ri), where Rif = Ri(1 + 硫Av).
- Output resistance (Rof) decreases compared to the open loop output resistance (Ro), where Rof = Ro/(1 + 硫Av).Power system fault analysis ppt
Power system fault analysis pptkarikalan123
油
The document appears to be a technical paper on electrical engineering topics related to symmetrical components, transformer energization, and fault analysis. It includes diagrams of symmetrical component representations of faults, discussions of transformer magnetic flux and core saturation during energization, and waveform diagrams of currents and voltages under different fault conditions.EXpt 04 on EEE lab
EXpt 04 on EEE lab ForaziRobin
油
This document describes an experiment to solve an electrical circuit using mesh analysis. The key steps of mesh analysis are: 1) identify the number of meshes in the circuit, 2) assign a current to each mesh, and 3) apply Kirchhoff's voltage law around each loop to generate equations that can be solved for the mesh currents. The experiment uses a DC circuit board to build a 2-mesh circuit and measures the mesh currents experimentally and theoretically to compare the results.Viewers also liked (20)
L38 3ph im
L38 3ph imSatyakam
油
The document discusses different types of starters used for induction motors, including direct online, star-delta, and autotransformer starters. It explains that starters are needed to limit high starting currents in induction motors, which could damage motor windings. The star-delta starter is described in more detail, noting that it initially connects the stator in a wye configuration to reduce starting current and torque by a factor of sqrt(3) compared to direct online starting, allowing the motor to safely accelerate before switching to a delta connection for full voltage operation.L36 3ph im
L36 3ph imSatyakam
油
This document discusses the working principle and key concepts of induction motors, including:
- Rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator which cuts the rotor conductors and induces current in them. This current opposes the magnetic field and generates torque causing the rotor to rotate.
- Synchronous speed is determined by the number of poles and supply frequency. Slip is the difference between synchronous and actual rotor speed.
- Rotor frequency and emf are proportional to slip speed which is the difference between synchronous and actual rotor speed. Rotor resistance and reactance also vary with slip speed.
- An example problem is given to determine synchronous speed, slip, and various speeds for a 4-pole inductionL40 stepper motor
L40 stepper motorSatyakam
油
Stepper motors are incremental motion machines that rotate through a specific angle for each electrical pulse received. They have a slotted, multi-pole, multi-phase stator winding and a rotor without windings. Stepper motors operate by applying a train of pulses to a drive circuit which supplies current to the stator windings, causing the rotor to follow the axis of the air gap magnetic field. Stepper motors provide precise angular positioning and are commonly used in computer-controlled systems, machine tools, printers, and robotics due to their compatibility with digital control and ability to control angular displacement without feedback.L41 instruments
L41 instrumentsSatyakam
油
This document discusses measuring instruments used in electrical systems. It describes the classification of analog and digital instruments and the essential features of measuring instruments, which include the deflecting, controlling, and damping systems. It also provides details on various types of instruments like permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) instruments, and how instrument ranges can be extended using ammeter shunts or voltmeter multipliers. PMMC instruments are described as having advantages like high sensitivity, uniformly divided scales, and low power consumption, but disadvantages like inability to measure AC and higher cost. Methods to use a given PMMC instrument as an ammeter with a 0-100A range or voltmeter with a 0-750V range are also presentedL39 1ph im
L39 1ph imSatyakam
油
The document discusses single phase induction motors. It describes the construction of single phase induction motors, which have the same stator and rotor construction as three phase induction motors but with a single phase winding. It explains that a single phase induction motor does not self start due to the double revolving magnetic field set up by the single phase winding. It then discusses different methods to enable starting, including capacitor start motors, capacitor run motors, split phase motors, and shaded pole motors. Finally, it lists some common applications of single phase induction motors.Lect27 handout
Lect27 handoutnomio0703
油
1) Nuclear reactions conserve nucleon number, charge, and energy/momentum. Alpha particles are nuclei, beta particles are electrons, and gamma particles are high-energy photons.
2) Radioactive decay follows first-order kinetics described by half-life, the time for half of the radioactive atoms to decay. Carbon dating determines a sample's age by measuring its remaining radioactive carbon-14.L37 3 ph-im
L37 3 ph-imSatyakam
油
The document describes the equivalent circuit model of an induction motor rotor. It shows the rotor represented as a resistance R2 and reactance X2 at standstill, which change to R2 and a slip-dependent reactance X2r when operating. The rotor induced emf and current also change from E2 and I2 to E2r and I2r due to slip. Mechanical load on the motor is represented by impedance terms containing the slip s. Power transfers through the motor are explained, with the stator input power reduced by losses to become the rotor input power, or gross power output, which is then reduced by rotor losses to give the net power output.T4 magnetic induction
T4 magnetic inductionSatyakam
油
This document contains examples of calculating electromagnetic induction in coils and coupled inductors. It provides the formulas and steps to calculate:
1) The emf induced in a moving conductor in a magnetic field for different orientations.
2) The average emf induced in a coil when the current reversing over time causes the magnetic flux to change.
3) The mutual inductance and induced emf in two coupled coils when the current in one coil changes.
4) The self and mutual inductances, coupling coefficient, and equivalent inductance of coupled coils.L42 instruments
L42 instrumentsSatyakam
油
The document discusses moving iron type instruments, which have attraction and repulsion types. They work by having a soft iron vane that moves when current flows through a coil, with the attraction type moving towards the stronger magnetic field and the repulsion type having two soft iron rods that repel each other. Moving iron type instruments are cheap, sturdy, and reliable but have less precision for DC measurements due to iron hysteresis. Dynamo type wattmeters also measure power by having the torque produced by the current proportional to the voltage times the cosine of the phase angle.T5 1 ph-ac
T5 1 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document contains 7 tutorials with physics and math problems involving AC circuits. Tutorial 1 involves calculating impedance, current, power factor, and power for an R-L series circuit. Tutorial 2 is similar but with an R-C series circuit. Tutorial 3 involves calculating voltage, frequency, and power loss for a circuit with a capacitor and inductor. The remaining tutorials involve additional AC circuit calculations like determining component values, impedances, and drawing phasor diagrams.L43 energy meter
L43 energy meterSatyakam
油
This document discusses single phase energy meters. It describes how energy meters measure the total energy consumed over a time period using a rotating disc. The disc's rotation is driven by the interaction of magnetic fluxes from a shunt magnet and series magnet. The number of revolutions is proportional to the energy consumed. The document provides an example calculation to determine the percentage error and speed of a disc that made 1020 revolutions while measuring the consumption of a 230V, 10A load over 30 minutes.Lect02 handout
Lect02 handoutnomio0703
油
The document discusses Coulomb's law and electric fields. It defines electric fields as the force a charge would feel at a given location. Electric fields are calculated similarly to Coulomb's law but for any location, not just where a charge is located. Electric field lines are used to represent electric fields graphically, with closer lines indicating stronger fields and arrow directions showing the field direction. Conductors have no electric field inside them as free electrons redistribute to eliminate any field.T8 1 ph-tr
T8 1 ph-trSatyakam
油
This document contains 5 examples of transformer circuit calculations. Each example provides the parameters of a transformer circuit and calculates various values such as flux, induced emf, current, power factor, voltage regulation and efficiency. The answers to each calculation are provided.T2 dc circuits
T2 dc circuitsSatyakam
油
This document provides a tutorial on DC circuit analysis techniques including mesh analysis and node voltage analysis. It includes 5 example circuits and exercises asking the reader to use different analysis methods to solve for various current and voltage values. Mesh analysis is used to find the current through a 2 ohm resistor in the first circuit and node voltage analysis is used to solve for the voltage vx in the second circuit. Loop equations are written and solved for the current ix in the third circuit. Mesh current analysis is used to solve for the current through a 3 ohm branch in the fourth circuit. Finally, nodal analysis is used to solve for the current i2 in the fifth circuit.Lect05 handout
Lect05 handoutnomio0703
油
1) The document discusses circuits, Ohm's law, resistors, and capacitors. It provides definitions and equations for current, voltage, resistance, power, capacitance, and how these concepts relate to series and parallel circuits.
2) Key points include: current is the flow of charge, voltage causes current to flow, and resistance regulates current flow as described by Ohm's law. Resistors in series add their resistances while resistors in parallel reduce the total resistance.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits using Ohm's law.L18 1 ph-ac
L18 1 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document introduces phasors and their graphical representation. It discusses that a phasor can represent the magnitude and angular position of a sinusoidal quantity. It also describes that a phasor diagram can show the relative relationship of sine waves of the same frequency. The document outlines different forms to represent a phasor including rectangular, trigonometric, exponential and polar forms. It discusses operations that can be performed on phasors such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in both rectangular and polar forms. Finally, it describes how phasors can be graphically added and subtracted on a phasor diagram.Lect09 handout
Lect09 handoutnomio0703
油
1) The document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture on magnetic forces and currents, including the right-hand rule.
2) Magnetic forces can act on both moving charges and on currents. A current-carrying loop placed in a magnetic field experiences both forces and torque.
3) The direction of the magnetic field generated by a long straight wire or solenoid is given by the right-hand rule. Using this rule, the magnetic interactions between two current-carrying wires or solenoids can be determined.T9 3 ph-im
T9 3 ph-imSatyakam
油
The document contains 5 problems related to induction motors. Problem 1 provides specifications for a 3-phase induction motor and asks to calculate various speeds. Problem 2 provides additional specifications for a 4-pole induction motor and asks to calculate slip, rotor EMF, reactance, and current. Problem 3 gives specifications for a star-connected rotor motor and asks to determine rotor current under starting and full load conditions. Problem 4 provides full load torque and speed information and asks to determine slip, operating speed, power outputs, losses, and efficiency. Problem 5 gives efficiency and loss information for a 36 kW motor and asks to calculate total losses, core loss, copper loss, friction/windage loss, power output, and rotor input.Lect10 handout
Lect10 handoutnomio0703
油
1) Faraday's law of induction states that an induced electromotive force (emf) is generated in a loop of wire when there is a change in the magnetic flux through the loop. The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the negative rate of change of the magnetic flux.
2) Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced current and states that it will flow in the direction that opposes the change which produced it. This means the induced magnetic field will be in a direction opposite to the change in the external magnetic field.
3) Some examples covered include motional emf from a moving conductor in a magnetic field, an induction cannon demonstration where a coil produces a changing magnetic fieldLecture11
Lecture11nomio0703
油
The document discusses momentum and impulse, including key equations and examples. It covers how impulse relates to changes in momentum and how momentum is conserved in a system when the net external force is zero. Examples include balls dropping on the floor, ice skaters pushing each other, and firing guns with and without bullets.Ad
More from Satyakam (17)
T7 3 ph-ac
T7 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document contains 5 practice problems and their solutions related to analyzing electrical circuits with 3-phase power supplies. The problems involve calculating line currents, neutral currents, displacement voltages, power, power factor, and wattmeter readings for various star- and delta-connected resistive loads.T3 magnetic circuits
T3 magnetic circuitsSatyakam
油
This document contains 5 problems related to calculating magnetic properties such as flux and magnetizing current in magnetic circuits. Problem 1 asks to calculate the current required to produce a flux of 0.8mWb in an iron ring with given dimensions. Problem 2 calculates the total reluctance of a steel ring with an air gap wound with 500 turns of wire. Problem 3 calculates various reluctances and flux in a magnetic frame with two limbs and air gaps. Problem 4 calculates the current required to produce a flux of 1mWb in a magnetic circuit with a central limb and side limbs. Problem 5 calculates the current required to produce a flux of 1.8mWb in a symmetrical cast steel frame with an air gap and given magnetizationT1 basic circuits
T1 basic circuitsSatyakam
油
This document contains a tutorial and exercises on DC circuit analysis. It begins with calculating the temperature coefficient of resistance using resistance measurements at two different temperatures. Subsequent exercises involve calculating current through parallel wires of different materials, determining current through a resistor in a multi-branch circuit, reducing a circuit to a single voltage source and resistor using source transformation, and determining a current source value given power dissipation in a resistor. The document provides instructions and answers for circuit analysis problems using techniques like network reduction and source transformation.L35 3ph im
L35 3ph imSatyakam
油
This document discusses the 3-phase induction motor. It introduces the motor, explaining that it converts electrical power to mechanical power via electromagnetic induction. It then describes how a rotating magnetic field is produced through a balanced 3-phase winding, allowing constant rotation in sync with supply frequency called synchronous speed. The document classifies motors based on construction, connection, and application. It provides diagrams of the cross-section and key components like the stator, rotor, bearings and housing. It details the construction of squirrel cage and slip ring rotors.L34 1 ph-tr
L34 1 ph-trSatyakam
油
Losses in transformers include core losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents, and copper losses due to winding resistances. Core losses depend on material, flux density, frequency, and core dimensions. Copper losses depend on current and load. Total losses equal core losses plus copper losses. Efficiency is calculated as the output power divided by the input power. Regulation is the percentage change in output voltage with load. An auto-transformer uses a single winding with a variable point to provide multiple voltages. It has lower costs but also lower safety due to lack of isolation between primary and secondary.L33 1 ph-tr(1)
L33 1 ph-tr(1)Satyakam
油
- The document discusses the workings and equivalent circuit models of practical transformers under no-load and on-load conditions. It explains the components that make up the no-load current and how transformers supply load current.
- An ideal and approximate equivalent circuit is shown referring quantities to the primary and secondary sides. This includes transferring resistances and reactances between windings and determining equivalent circuit values.
- An example exercise is included to calculate the equivalent resistance, reactance, and impedance when referred to different sides of a sample transformer along with its total copper loss.L33 1 ph-tr
L33 1 ph-trSatyakam
油
- The document discusses the basics of transformer operation including no-load and on-load conditions. It describes the primary and secondary windings, core losses, and equivalent circuit models.
- Key components of the equivalent circuit models include the magnetizing current, core loss current, primary and secondary resistances and reactances, and load impedance.
- The document shows how to derive the equivalent circuit parameters referred to either the primary or secondary side, and discusses approximate equivalent circuit models for analysis.L32 1 ph-tr
L32 1 ph-trSatyakam
油
This document provides an introduction and overview of transformers. It discusses how transformers work, their basic components like the core and windings, different types of transformer construction, and equations for transformer operation. Specifically, it explains that transformers transfer energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction using a common magnetic core, without changing the frequency. Diagrams show the primary and secondary windings on the core and the relationships between voltage, current, turns, and power ratings. Formulas are given for induced emf and the transformation ratio relating input and output voltage and current. An example problem calculating transformer specifications is also included.L31 3 ph-ac
L31 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document discusses methods for measuring power in a three-phase circuit using wattmeters. It describes the one wattmeter method, two wattmeter method, and three wattmeter method. The two wattmeter method is most commonly used and involves connecting two wattmeters between two line voltages and currents. The document provides equations for calculating total power using the two wattmeter method for both balanced and unbalanced loads. It also examines how the wattmeter readings vary with changes in the power factor of the load.L30 3 ph-ac
L30 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
The document describes three methods - loop current analysis, mesh analysis, and neutral displacement method - for analyzing circuits with star-connected loads. It provides examples of using these methods to calculate line currents and the voltage of the common load point for a three-phase, three-wire system with an unbalanced star-connected load where the branch impedances are given. The examples show applying the techniques to determine the specific voltages and currents for the circuit diagrams presented.L29 3 ph-ac
L29 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document discusses analyzing unbalanced three-phase circuits. It describes unbalanced delta and star connected loads. It provides the voltage and current equations for unbalanced three-phase circuits. It also describes a method to convert a star connected load to a delta connection to analyze an unbalanced load using delta connections. An example problem demonstrates using star-delta transformation to find line currents for an unbalanced three-phase circuit.L28 3 ph-ac
L28 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
The document discusses star connections of three-phase systems including:
- Line and phase voltages and currents in a star-connected balanced three-phase load.
- Phasor diagrams showing the phase relationships between voltages and currents.
- Equations for calculating active and reactive power in star-connected systems.
- An example calculation of line and phase voltages and currents, as well as power, for a star-connected balanced load using three choke coils.L27 3 ph-ac
L27 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
This document discusses delta connected systems with balanced loads. It contains information about line and phase voltages and currents in delta connected systems. It also contains the phasor diagram for a delta connected system with balanced loads and the relationship between line and phase currents. It provides an example problem calculating resistance, inductance, active power and reactive power for a delta connected system with three coils taking a line current of 5A at 0.8 power factor lagging.L26 3 ph-ac
L26 3 ph-acSatyakam
油
The document discusses three phase circuits and their advantages over single phase circuits. Some key benefits of three phase circuits include higher efficiency, lower costs, size reduction, and unidirectional torque production in three phase motors. It also describes how three phase voltages are generated by rotating magnetic fields, ensuring the sum of the instantaneous voltages is always zero. The document outlines delta and star connections for three phase systems and defines various terminology used in three phase analysis such as phase sequence, phase voltage, and line voltage.L25 resonance
L25 resonanceSatyakam
油
This document discusses parallel resonance in RLC circuits. It states that at resonance, voltage and current must be in phase. The resonant frequency depends on the circuit configuration and the net admittance of the circuit must be resistive. It provides examples of calculating resonant frequency and current for different RLC circuits operating at resonance.L24 resonance
L24 resonanceSatyakam
油
1) A series RLC circuit exhibits resonance when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance. At resonance, the circuit's impedance is purely resistive and the power factor is unity.
2) The resonant frequency is defined as the frequency at which the imaginary part of the equivalent impedance is zero.
3) The quality factor Q is a measure of selectivity near the resonant frequency, defined as the ratio of the resonant frequency to the bandwidth.L23 cpckt ac
L23 cpckt acSatyakam
油
Coupled circuits can be analyzed by representing them as equivalent circuits. The equivalent circuit for a magnetically coupled circuit contains mutual inductance terms that account for the magnetic coupling between coils. The equivalent circuit equations relate the voltages across each inductor to the currents through each inductor, the resistances, and the mutual inductance. As an example, a magnetic circuit is shown and its equivalent conductively coupled circuit is to be drawn to calculate the current supplied by the voltage source.Ad
Mock test
- 1. MOCK TEST 1 1. For the circuit if fig.1 , Using Source transformation determine the value of current I if the power dissipated by 5 resistor is 15W. (3 Marks) 2. For the circuit shown in the fig. 2 using the network reduction technique find the current through 10 resistor (4 Marks) 3. Using mesh current analysis for the circuit in fig.3 find the value of R. (5 Marks) 4. For the circuit shown in fig.4 apply nodal analysis and find Vx. (5 Marks) 5. Derive the expression for voltage during discharging of capacitor through a resistor and plot the graph. (3 Marks) 08/20/13 Basic Electrical Technology - ELE 102 1
Editor's Notes
- #2: 08/20/13 Harshendra N Shet, Department of E&E Basic Electrical Technology- ELE102