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Module 10 Dr Naeem - Weeds and IWM in Tomato crop.pptx

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Abdul Hafeez
Abdul Hafeez

Weeds and Integrated Weed MAnagement

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Module 10 Weeds and its Management in Tomato Crop Challenges, Impacts, and Solutions Dr Muhammad Naeem Aslam This session of Module 10 focuses on weeds, and integrated weed management (IWM) in tomato crop production in Pakistan. Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Crop Challenges and Weeds in Tomato Weeds compete with tomatoes for water, nutrients, sunlight, affecting growth and yield. Pests like aphids and fruit worms threaten crop health, leading to potential yield loss. Diseases, including blights, wilt, can spread rapidly in tomato fields, effecting plant vitality. Weeds not only affect plant yield, but can be a source of pests, disease pathogens. To mitigate these challenges, farmers need to adopt effective management practices Weeds compete directly with tomato plants for resources, reducing crop yield and quality. Weeds affect nutrient availability in soil, taking up vital minerals needed by tomato plants. Uncontrolled weed growth can create favorable environments for Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weeds and Identification in Tomato Fields Tomato fields in Pakistan are often affected by common weeds BLW, NLW, sedges. Weeds are aggressive, resilient, capable of spreading, thus posing challenge for farmers. Weeds vary in growth patterns and resource needs, affecting tomato crops. Understanding weed types helps farmers implement targeted and efficient weed control. Effective identification of weed types is crucial to selecting appropriate control methods. Visual identification is a method for recognizing common weed types in tomato fields. Early identification is essential to prevent weed establishment - reducing impact on crops. Farmers can use growth patterns, leaf shape, color to distinguish between different weeds. Regular monitoring helps identify weeds at early growth Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weeds in Tomato Fields Tomato crop is also affected by common weeds broad and narrow leaf and sedges. Critical period of weed competition is reported by 30-40 days after sowing. Do frequent weeding, hoeing and earthing-up to keep crop weed free till 45 days. If weed left uncontrolled then it will reduce crop yield up to 70%. List of weeds in tomato crop: Lehli, Convolvulus arvensisi; Leh, Cirsium arvense; Qulfa, Portulaca oleracea; Bathu Chenopodium album; Cholai, Amaranthus; piazi, Asphodelus; Maina, Medicago polimorpha; Senji, Melilotus indica; Billi booti, Anagallis arvensis; Chhatri dhodak, Euphorbia helioscopia; Pohli, Carthamus oxyacantha; Shahtra, Fumaria officinalis; Krund, Chenopodium murali; Dranak, Polygonum plebejum. Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weeds in Tomato Fields Tomato grown in Balochistan (Quetta Div), KPK (Dargai area) and in Katha Saghral, Katha Misral and in some villages of Khushab districts in Punjab are severely attacked by parasitic plant Orobanche or broomrapes. The farmers suffer heavy losses on account of this problem. Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Herbicides on Tomato crop No herbicide is registered on Form-1 for weed control in tomato crop Herbicides are not frequently sprayed in tomato crop for weed control (BLW, Sedges, grasses) However, following reports of herbicides in use as OFF-label use: Paraquat dichloride 24% EC @ 1000 ml/A as non crop practices Glyphosate 48 EC/490/540 SL @ 1 2 L /A as non crop practices Pendimethaline 330 EC, or 450 SC @ 1000 ml/A, or 750 ml/A as pre-plant soil mix S - metolachlor 960 EC @ 800 ml/A within 24-48 hrs on beds avoiding tomato plants Now some herbicides are being registered with control on BLWs in broad leaf crop tomato, pulses, etc. .. lactofen, oxyflurofen etc., that needs attention on the other hand Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Introduction to Weeds and its management . Definition of weeds Types of weeds (broadleaf, grass, sedges) Importance of weed management Impact on tomato crop yield Competitive behavior of weeds Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Common Weeds in Tomato Fields Broadleaf weeds: Amaranthus, Chenopodium, etc. Grasses: Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica Sedges: Cyperus rotundus Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Problems Caused by Weeds Competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight Habitat for pests and diseases Increased labor and production costs Reduced quality and yield Interference with harvesting Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Economic Impact of Weeds Reduction in crop yield (up to 50% or more) Increased input costs Loss of marketable quality Cost-benefit ratio of weed management Long-term soil health implications Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weed Life Cycle . Germination stage Vegetative growth Reproductive stage Seed production and dispersal Dormancy mechanisms Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Integrated Weed Management (IWM) Overview Definition of IWM Importance in sustainable agriculture Combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods Reducing herbicide reliance Enhancing soil health and biodiversity Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Cultural Methods for Weed Control Crop rotation practices Mulching with organic materials Intercropping systems Timely planting schedules Weed-free seed selection Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Mechanical Weed Control Hand weeding and hoeing Use of weeders (manual/mechanical) Rotary hoe and cultivator use Advantages of mechanization Challenges in adoption Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Biological Weed Control Introduction to biological control agents Role of fungi, bacteria, and insects Examples: Pathogens targeting specific weeds Integration with other methods Limitations and risks Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Chemical Weed Control Pre-emergence herbicides: ???? Pendimethalin / off label Post-emergence herbicides: ???? Glyphosate / off label Proper application techniques Safety precautions Environmental and health concerns Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Herbicide Resistance Causes of resistance Examples in common weeds Strategies to manage resistance Herbicide rotation Integrated approaches to delay resistance Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Mulching in Weed Management Types: Organic (straw, leaves) and synthetic (plastic) Benefits: Weed suppression, moisture retention Challenges: Cost and disposal Practical implementation Mulch selection for tomato crop Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Cover Crops for Weed Suppression Definition and examples Benefits of cover crops Role in preventing weed germination Integration into crop cycles Examples: Legumes, grasses, and others Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weed Management in Nursery Importance of weed-free nursery beds Seed treatment Use of sterilized soil/media Hand weeding in nurseries Regular monitoring practices Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Weed Management During Transplanting Site preparation and weed removal Spacing to minimize weed growth Timely irrigation management Immediate weeding post- transplant Preventing weed seed introduction Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Impact of Climate on Weed Growth Influence of temperature and rainfall Changes in weed behavior with climate New weed species introduction Adaptation of management practices Predicting future weed issues Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Monitoring and Evaluation Regular field scouting for weeds Maintaining weed control records Identifying new or resistant weed species Using mobile apps or digital tools Adjusting strategies based on observations Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Challenges in Weed Management Labor availability Rising costs of inputs Herbicide resistance Limited access to biological agents Knowledge and technology gaps Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Conclusion and Recommendations Importance of integrated approaches Focus on sustainable methods Need for farmer education and awareness Policy support for weed management research Continuous monitoring and improvement Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Q&A Activity Module 10 Group work (20 min) Divide participants into small groups: each assigned a different weed management method (manual weeding, mulching, cover cropping, herbicide use, or integrated weed management). Develop a step-by-step plan for implementing their weed management strategy in a tomato field. Brief by the each Group Lead (10 min each) Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
Day 3 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE

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Module 10 Dr Naeem - Weeds and IWM in Tomato crop.pptx

  • 1. Module 10 Weeds and its Management in Tomato Crop Challenges, Impacts, and Solutions Dr Muhammad Naeem Aslam This session of Module 10 focuses on weeds, and integrated weed management (IWM) in tomato crop production in Pakistan. Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 2. Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 3. Crop Challenges and Weeds in Tomato Weeds compete with tomatoes for water, nutrients, sunlight, affecting growth and yield. Pests like aphids and fruit worms threaten crop health, leading to potential yield loss. Diseases, including blights, wilt, can spread rapidly in tomato fields, effecting plant vitality. Weeds not only affect plant yield, but can be a source of pests, disease pathogens. To mitigate these challenges, farmers need to adopt effective management practices Weeds compete directly with tomato plants for resources, reducing crop yield and quality. Weeds affect nutrient availability in soil, taking up vital minerals needed by tomato plants. Uncontrolled weed growth can create favorable environments for Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 4. Weeds and Identification in Tomato Fields Tomato fields in Pakistan are often affected by common weeds BLW, NLW, sedges. Weeds are aggressive, resilient, capable of spreading, thus posing challenge for farmers. Weeds vary in growth patterns and resource needs, affecting tomato crops. Understanding weed types helps farmers implement targeted and efficient weed control. Effective identification of weed types is crucial to selecting appropriate control methods. Visual identification is a method for recognizing common weed types in tomato fields. Early identification is essential to prevent weed establishment - reducing impact on crops. Farmers can use growth patterns, leaf shape, color to distinguish between different weeds. Regular monitoring helps identify weeds at early growth Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 5. Weeds in Tomato Fields Tomato crop is also affected by common weeds broad and narrow leaf and sedges. Critical period of weed competition is reported by 30-40 days after sowing. Do frequent weeding, hoeing and earthing-up to keep crop weed free till 45 days. If weed left uncontrolled then it will reduce crop yield up to 70%. List of weeds in tomato crop: Lehli, Convolvulus arvensisi; Leh, Cirsium arvense; Qulfa, Portulaca oleracea; Bathu Chenopodium album; Cholai, Amaranthus; piazi, Asphodelus; Maina, Medicago polimorpha; Senji, Melilotus indica; Billi booti, Anagallis arvensis; Chhatri dhodak, Euphorbia helioscopia; Pohli, Carthamus oxyacantha; Shahtra, Fumaria officinalis; Krund, Chenopodium murali; Dranak, Polygonum plebejum. Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 6. Weeds in Tomato Fields Tomato grown in Balochistan (Quetta Div), KPK (Dargai area) and in Katha Saghral, Katha Misral and in some villages of Khushab districts in Punjab are severely attacked by parasitic plant Orobanche or broomrapes. The farmers suffer heavy losses on account of this problem. Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 7. Herbicides on Tomato crop No herbicide is registered on Form-1 for weed control in tomato crop Herbicides are not frequently sprayed in tomato crop for weed control (BLW, Sedges, grasses) However, following reports of herbicides in use as OFF-label use: Paraquat dichloride 24% EC @ 1000 ml/A as non crop practices Glyphosate 48 EC/490/540 SL @ 1 2 L /A as non crop practices Pendimethaline 330 EC, or 450 SC @ 1000 ml/A, or 750 ml/A as pre-plant soil mix S - metolachlor 960 EC @ 800 ml/A within 24-48 hrs on beds avoiding tomato plants Now some herbicides are being registered with control on BLWs in broad leaf crop tomato, pulses, etc. .. lactofen, oxyflurofen etc., that needs attention on the other hand Weeds, IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 8. Introduction to Weeds and its management . Definition of weeds Types of weeds (broadleaf, grass, sedges) Importance of weed management Impact on tomato crop yield Competitive behavior of weeds Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 9. Common Weeds in Tomato Fields Broadleaf weeds: Amaranthus, Chenopodium, etc. Grasses: Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica Sedges: Cyperus rotundus Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 10. Problems Caused by Weeds Competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight Habitat for pests and diseases Increased labor and production costs Reduced quality and yield Interference with harvesting Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 11. Economic Impact of Weeds Reduction in crop yield (up to 50% or more) Increased input costs Loss of marketable quality Cost-benefit ratio of weed management Long-term soil health implications Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 12. Weed Life Cycle . Germination stage Vegetative growth Reproductive stage Seed production and dispersal Dormancy mechanisms Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 13. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) Overview Definition of IWM Importance in sustainable agriculture Combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods Reducing herbicide reliance Enhancing soil health and biodiversity Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 14. Cultural Methods for Weed Control Crop rotation practices Mulching with organic materials Intercropping systems Timely planting schedules Weed-free seed selection Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 15. Mechanical Weed Control Hand weeding and hoeing Use of weeders (manual/mechanical) Rotary hoe and cultivator use Advantages of mechanization Challenges in adoption Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 16. Biological Weed Control Introduction to biological control agents Role of fungi, bacteria, and insects Examples: Pathogens targeting specific weeds Integration with other methods Limitations and risks Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 17. Chemical Weed Control Pre-emergence herbicides: ???? Pendimethalin / off label Post-emergence herbicides: ???? Glyphosate / off label Proper application techniques Safety precautions Environmental and health concerns Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 18. Herbicide Resistance Causes of resistance Examples in common weeds Strategies to manage resistance Herbicide rotation Integrated approaches to delay resistance Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 19. Mulching in Weed Management Types: Organic (straw, leaves) and synthetic (plastic) Benefits: Weed suppression, moisture retention Challenges: Cost and disposal Practical implementation Mulch selection for tomato crop Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 21. Cover Crops for Weed Suppression Definition and examples Benefits of cover crops Role in preventing weed germination Integration into crop cycles Examples: Legumes, grasses, and others Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 22. Weed Management in Nursery Importance of weed-free nursery beds Seed treatment Use of sterilized soil/media Hand weeding in nurseries Regular monitoring practices Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 23. Weed Management During Transplanting Site preparation and weed removal Spacing to minimize weed growth Timely irrigation management Immediate weeding post- transplant Preventing weed seed introduction Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 24. Impact of Climate on Weed Growth Influence of temperature and rainfall Changes in weed behavior with climate New weed species introduction Adaptation of management practices Predicting future weed issues Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 25. Monitoring and Evaluation Regular field scouting for weeds Maintaining weed control records Identifying new or resistant weed species Using mobile apps or digital tools Adjusting strategies based on observations Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 26. Challenges in Weed Management Labor availability Rising costs of inputs Herbicide resistance Limited access to biological agents Knowledge and technology gaps Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 27. Conclusion and Recommendations Importance of integrated approaches Focus on sustainable methods Need for farmer education and awareness Policy support for weed management research Continuous monitoring and improvement Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE
  • 28. Q&A Activity Module 10 Group work (20 min) Divide participants into small groups: each assigned a different weed management method (manual weeding, mulching, cover cropping, herbicide use, or integrated weed management). Develop a step-by-step plan for implementing their weed management strategy in a tomato field. Brief by the each Group Lead (10 min each) Weeds IWM in tomato crop Module 10 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE