Money their types and functions
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Evolution and function of money
Evolution and function of moneyGhulam Hasnain
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Im a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
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Evolution and Function of Money
Evolution and Function of MoneyGhulam Hasnain
油
Im a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
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Functions Of Money
Functions Of MoneyMohsin Akbar
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The document discusses different aspects of monetary systems including:
1) It defines money and lists its key properties and functions such as being a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
2) It outlines different types of money including commodity money, convertible paper money, inconvertible paper money, bank deposits, and electronic money.
3) It explores the demand for money and identifies three motives for holding money: transactions demand, precautionary demand, and speculative demand. Interest rates are a major factor in determining the amount of money people hold.
The politics of growth in Bangladesh
The politics of growth in BangladeshAnna Webster
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1) Bangladesh has experienced steady economic growth despite weaknesses in governance, which has been termed a "development paradox."
2) This is attributed to a form of "growth-enhancing governance" characterized by de facto rent sharing across political divides, separation of economic and political rents, and a largely ordered environment for deals across sectors.
3) This ordered deals environment has provided credible commitment from the state and transactional certainty for private actors, enabling steady growth despite weaknesses in other market-enhancing institutions.The Uses of National Income Data
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Uses and problems of GDP as a measure including alternatives to GDP as a measure of economic performanceFiscal Policy and its effects of Economy.Eop Abid Hussain Sindhu, M14BBA036,...
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Government spending can positively or negatively impact the economy of Pakistan. Productive government spending on sectors like agriculture, industry, education and services can increase productivity, boost living standards, and promote development by creating jobs. However, unproductive spending like large debts and subsidies can reduce resources, hinder productivity and lead to high inflation. Additionally, taxes can negatively impact the economy by reducing productivity, investment, GDP and causing unemployment, poverty and income inequality if not implemented carefully. While foreign aid and loans provide some benefits, they also reduce self-sufficiency and future taxation may be required for repayment. Overall, both government earnings and spending must be balanced and directed towards productive sectors to positively impact Pakistan's economy.Ch05
Ch05LUXSVB
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The document summarizes several theories about what determines interest rates:
1) The classical theory argues that interest rates are determined by the supply of household savings and the demand for business investment.
2) The liquidity preference theory views interest rates as the price that induces people to hold cash rather than bonds given transactions, precautionary, and speculative demands for money.
3) The loanable funds theory sees interest rates as set by the overall demand for and supply of credit from various sources like domestic savings, money creation, and foreign lending.Determination on interest rate
Determination on interest rateKanchan Kandel
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The document discusses various determinants of interest rates, including the real risk-free rate which is the risk-free rate plus inflation premium, the nominal risk-free rate which includes a premium against the risk of default on payments, the default risk premium which covers the risk of a borrower failing to make interest or principal payments, the liquidity risk premium which covers the difficulty of selling less marketable securities, and the maturity risk premium which covers the risk of interest rates changing for bonds with longer maturities.Module 25 banking and money creation
Module 25 banking and money creationAmerican School of Guatemala
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This document discusses how banks create money through fractional reserve banking. It begins by explaining how goldsmiths in the 16th century issued receipts for gold deposits, which became used as money and allowed the goldsmiths to loan out more gold than they had in reserves. This established the concept of fractional reserve banking. It then discusses the functions of modern banks, including how they act as intermediaries between depositors and borrowers. The document also covers bank regulation implemented after the 1930s crisis, including deposit insurance, capital requirements, and reserve requirements, which help prevent bank runs.Determination of national income
Determination of national incomeShashank Singh
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The document summarizes Keynesian income determination through the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model. It defines consumption and investment functions, which together determine aggregate demand. Consumption depends on income through the marginal propensity to consume. Investment is assumed constant in the short-run. Equilibrium income is reached at the point where aggregate demand equals aggregate supply. This can be modeled as either the AD-AS approach where equilibrium Y satisfies C+I=C+S, or the savings-investment approach where I=S. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the equilibrium income calculation under each approach.
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亟仗仂于亟 乂亠弍舒仆 . 亟仂 亰弍仆亳从舒 亰舒亟舒 亰 仍亠弍亳 亰舒 11 从仍舒. 于仂亳 亠亰仍磻 .., 仂仍仂仆从亳亶 .., 亊从 .弌.
仂亰于'磶仆亳从 于亳于仍ﾑ 亠仄亳 从仍仆仂 仗仂亞舒仄亳 亰 舒仍亞亠弍亳 亰舒 11 从仍舒. 亟仗仂于亟 亟仂舒仆仂 亟仂弍亠 仂亰仗亳舒仆 亟仍 仂亰仄仆仆 从仂仍舒仄亳. 丐舒从仂亢 弍舒从亳 仄仂亢 从仂仆仂仍ﾐ火委亳 仗舒于亳仍仆 仂弍亳仍亠仆 于亳从仂仆舒仆亳 亟仄亳.Unemployment Presentation By BGC Trust University
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The document discusses whether economic reforms in India have caused regional inequality in growth across states. It acknowledges that while reforms aim to increase efficiency nationwide, they may lead to investment reallocating towards states with better infrastructure, skills, and policies. This can accelerate growth in some states but decelerate it in others less well-positioned to attract investment. The determinants of state growth, like investment ratios, plan expenditures, human capital and infrastructure quality, are then analyzed to better understand their relationship with economic reforms and divergence in state growth rates.History of money
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Bartering and commodities like cattle and seeds were some of the earliest forms of money. Cowry shells were used as currency in China in 1200 BC, while metal tools were used as early metal currency in China around 1000 BC. Silver became used as currency imprinted with rulers' faces in 500 BC Turkey. Paper money originated in China between the 9th-15th centuries before disappearing, while gold became the standard currency backed by weight in 1816 Britain and 1900 America. Modern currency has evolved to coins and paper notes, with future forms potentially including payment cards and microchips in jewelry.Determinants of foreign exchange
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The document defines foreign exchange and foreign exchange markets. It discusses the key participants in foreign exchange markets including individuals, firms, banks, governments, and international agencies. It also outlines some of the main functions and determinants of foreign exchange markets. Long-term determinants include balance of payments, relative economic strength, interest rates, inflation, money supply, and national income. Short-term determinants include central bank intervention, export/import payments and flows, foreign investment flows, political factors, speculation, and capital movements. The document also provides context on the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) in India.Evolution of Money
Evolution of MoneyGhulam Hasnain
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Im a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
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Exchange rate determination
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This document discusses foreign exchange rates and their determination. It explains that foreign exchange rates are the rates at which one country's currency can be converted into another's. These rates are determined by currency supply and demand in global foreign exchange markets. The key factors that influence supply and demand - and thus exchange rates - include interest rates, inflation rates, government budgets, and political stability. The document also outlines different exchange rate systems like fixed, floating, and managed rates.
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1) Bangladesh has experienced steady economic growth despite weaknesses in governance, which has been termed a "development paradox."
2) This is attributed to a form of "growth-enhancing governance" characterized by de facto rent sharing across political divides, separation of economic and political rents, and a largely ordered environment for deals across sectors.
3) This ordered deals environment has provided credible commitment from the state and transactional certainty for private actors, enabling steady growth despite weaknesses in other market-enhancing institutions.The Uses of National Income Data
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Government spending can positively or negatively impact the economy of Pakistan. Productive government spending on sectors like agriculture, industry, education and services can increase productivity, boost living standards, and promote development by creating jobs. However, unproductive spending like large debts and subsidies can reduce resources, hinder productivity and lead to high inflation. Additionally, taxes can negatively impact the economy by reducing productivity, investment, GDP and causing unemployment, poverty and income inequality if not implemented carefully. While foreign aid and loans provide some benefits, they also reduce self-sufficiency and future taxation may be required for repayment. Overall, both government earnings and spending must be balanced and directed towards productive sectors to positively impact Pakistan's economy.Ch05
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The document summarizes several theories about what determines interest rates:
1) The classical theory argues that interest rates are determined by the supply of household savings and the demand for business investment.
2) The liquidity preference theory views interest rates as the price that induces people to hold cash rather than bonds given transactions, precautionary, and speculative demands for money.
3) The loanable funds theory sees interest rates as set by the overall demand for and supply of credit from various sources like domestic savings, money creation, and foreign lending.Determination on interest rate
Determination on interest rateKanchan Kandel
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The document discusses various determinants of interest rates, including the real risk-free rate which is the risk-free rate plus inflation premium, the nominal risk-free rate which includes a premium against the risk of default on payments, the default risk premium which covers the risk of a borrower failing to make interest or principal payments, the liquidity risk premium which covers the difficulty of selling less marketable securities, and the maturity risk premium which covers the risk of interest rates changing for bonds with longer maturities.Module 25 banking and money creation
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油
This document discusses how banks create money through fractional reserve banking. It begins by explaining how goldsmiths in the 16th century issued receipts for gold deposits, which became used as money and allowed the goldsmiths to loan out more gold than they had in reserves. This established the concept of fractional reserve banking. It then discusses the functions of modern banks, including how they act as intermediaries between depositors and borrowers. The document also covers bank regulation implemented after the 1930s crisis, including deposit insurance, capital requirements, and reserve requirements, which help prevent bank runs.Determination of national income
Determination of national incomeShashank Singh
油
The document summarizes Keynesian income determination through the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model. It defines consumption and investment functions, which together determine aggregate demand. Consumption depends on income through the marginal propensity to consume. Investment is assumed constant in the short-run. Equilibrium income is reached at the point where aggregate demand equals aggregate supply. This can be modeled as either the AD-AS approach where equilibrium Y satisfies C+I=C+S, or the savings-investment approach where I=S. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the equilibrium income calculation under each approach. 舒仍亞亠弍舒 亠亰仍磻 11 从仍舒. 亟仗仂于亟 乂亠弍舒仆RomanYukhym
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亟仗仂于亟 乂亠弍舒仆 . 亟仂 亰弍仆亳从舒 亰舒亟舒 亰 仍亠弍亳 亰舒 11 从仍舒. 于仂亳 亠亰仍磻 .., 仂仍仂仆从亳亶 .., 亊从 .弌.
仂亰于'磶仆亳从 于亳于仍ﾑ 亠仄亳 从仍仆仂 仗仂亞舒仄亳 亰 舒仍亞亠弍亳 亰舒 11 从仍舒. 亟仗仂于亟 亟仂舒仆仂 亟仂弍亠 仂亰仗亳舒仆 亟仍 仂亰仄仆仆 从仂仍舒仄亳. 丐舒从仂亢 弍舒从亳 仄仂亢 从仂仆仂仍ﾐ火委亳 仗舒于亳仍仆 仂弍亳仍亠仆 于亳从仂仆舒仆亳 亟仄亳.Unemployment Presentation By BGC Trust University
Unemployment Presentation By BGC Trust University爨爭爨 爨爭爨萎爨鉦Κ爨む
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This presentation summarizes information about unemployment presented to Mr. Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury by Group C. The presentation defines unemployment as when capable and willing workers cannot find work. It outlines the main types of unemployment including frictional, seasonal, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Causes of unemployment in developing countries discussed include insufficient development rates, rapid population growth, increasing university graduates, and backward agriculture. The effects of unemployment on the economy include increased financial costs, reduced spending power, and recession. Effects on society are increased mental health issues, health diseases, tension at home, crime, violence, and suicide. Unemployment rates in Bangladesh and several other countries are provided. The presentation concludes with fiscal and monetaryTypes Of Money
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This document describes different US dollar bills, including the one, five, ten, twenty, fifty, and one hundred dollar bills. For each bill, details are provided about the image on the front as well as the back of the bill.The determinants of growth in the states
The determinants of growth in the statesGAURAV. H .TANDON
油
The document discusses whether economic reforms in India have caused regional inequality in growth across states. It acknowledges that while reforms aim to increase efficiency nationwide, they may lead to investment reallocating towards states with better infrastructure, skills, and policies. This can accelerate growth in some states but decelerate it in others less well-positioned to attract investment. The determinants of state growth, like investment ratios, plan expenditures, human capital and infrastructure quality, are then analyzed to better understand their relationship with economic reforms and divergence in state growth rates.History of money
History of moneyworthingtonch
油
Bartering and commodities like cattle and seeds were some of the earliest forms of money. Cowry shells were used as currency in China in 1200 BC, while metal tools were used as early metal currency in China around 1000 BC. Silver became used as currency imprinted with rulers' faces in 500 BC Turkey. Paper money originated in China between the 9th-15th centuries before disappearing, while gold became the standard currency backed by weight in 1816 Britain and 1900 America. Modern currency has evolved to coins and paper notes, with future forms potentially including payment cards and microchips in jewelry.Determinants of foreign exchange
Determinants of foreign exchangeDeepak Singh Thakur
油
The document defines foreign exchange and foreign exchange markets. It discusses the key participants in foreign exchange markets including individuals, firms, banks, governments, and international agencies. It also outlines some of the main functions and determinants of foreign exchange markets. Long-term determinants include balance of payments, relative economic strength, interest rates, inflation, money supply, and national income. Short-term determinants include central bank intervention, export/import payments and flows, foreign investment flows, political factors, speculation, and capital movements. The document also provides context on the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) in India.Evolution of Money
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Im a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Exchange rate determination
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油
This document discusses foreign exchange rates and their determination. It explains that foreign exchange rates are the rates at which one country's currency can be converted into another's. These rates are determined by currency supply and demand in global foreign exchange markets. The key factors that influence supply and demand - and thus exchange rates - include interest rates, inflation rates, government budgets, and political stability. The document also outlines different exchange rate systems like fixed, floating, and managed rates.More from RomanYukhym (6)
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- 1. 丐 丕 丐丕 : 丿 , 丱 丐 个丕丶 28.11.2016
- 2. 丐丕丐 弌 仂 亟仍 仂亰仄仆亳 仍ﾐ莞黍 亰舒仂弍仂仄, 亟仍 亟仆于 仄亠仂 ( . 亠从亠仍)
- 3. 丐亊
- 4. 丐亠仄舒 仂从: 仂, 于亳亟亳 舒 仆从 仍舒仆 1. 仂 于亳仆亳从仆亠仆仆 亞仂亠亶 2. 弌 舒 仆从 亞仂亠亶 3. 仍舒亳于仂 亞仂亠亶
- 5. 弌丐亊 亊 丿
- 6. 亊 丐丐丐 丿 丕 丐丱, 乂 丐亂 丕 弌 弌丐, 丕丿 丕 丿 弌丕 丕 亊丱 丿丕 弌亂丕 丱丕丕. 丶 丐丱 丿, 弌弌丐丐弌亂 弌 弌丕. 丕 丿丕 亊 1 丱.
- 7. 丐丼 亊
- 8. 弌丕丐亂 丐 个丕丶 丿
- 9. 弌丐亊 丕弌亂
- 10. 弌丐弌丐 丿
- 11. 弌亂 丿 丕丐 丕? 亟仗仂于亟 仆舒仄 亟舒 于仆礌仆 仂弍亞 (仄仂亟亠仍 .个亠舒): MV=PQ M 亞仂仂于舒 仄舒舒 (从仍从 亞仂亠亶, 仂 仗亠亠弍于舒ﾑ 于 仂弍亞); V 于亳亟从 仂弍亞 亞仂亠亶 (从仍从, 亞仂亟, 磻 从仂亢仆舒 亞仂仂于舒 仂亟亳仆亳 仂弍仍亞仂于于舒仍舒 于仗仂亟仂于亢 仂从); P 亠亠亟仆 仆舒 仂于舒于 仗仂仍亞 (亠仆 仂于舒仆亳 仆); Q 从仍从 仗仂亟舒仆亳 仂于舒于 仗仂仍亞.
- 12. 丼 丱丕丐, 弌亂 丿 丱 丕弌丐丐 , 亊乂 亂 ( 丶亂 丕丐), 豫 750 丕., 丿弌丐亂 丐亊 丿 丶 弌丐丐亂 6 . 丿 弌 丼丐丕 丕 弌丐 90 丕..
- 13. 丕亂亊 弌弌丐丐丶亊 亂 1.乂仂 舒从亠 亞仂? 2. 乂仂 仗仂仍亢亳仍仂 仗亳亳仆仂 于亳仆亳从仆亠仆仆 亞仂亠亶? 3.亊从舒 亳舒 亰 从舒仆从仂 亞亳于仆亠 仆舒 仂亞仂亟仆仆亶 亟亠仆?
- 14. 丐弌丐 丼 丿丱 乂弌丐亊? 1. 亠亠亟 于舒仄亳 仗仂舒于 于亳弍: 弍舒亞舒舒 仍ﾐ莞湖出 亰 仄舒亳仆仂 亳 仍ﾐ莞湖出 亠亟仂于舒仆舒, 磻舒 仄仂亢亠 亰仆舒亶亳 于亳亟 亰 弍亟-磻仂 亳舒, 舒仍亠 弍亠亰 亞仂亠亶. 仂亞仂 于亳 于亳弍亠亠亠? 舒) 丐仂亞仂, 仂 亳仄仗舒亳仆亳亶; 弍) 仂亞仂, 仂 弍舒亞舒亳亶; 于) 仂仆ﾑ 仍ﾐ莞黍 亰舒 仂仂弍亳 磻仂, 仂仄 于亟亟舒仄 仗亠亠于舒亞 亟亞亶 仍ﾐ莞湖術. 2. 亠仍亳从亳亶 仗亳亶仂仄, 仗亠仄舒 于 亠舒, 亟亳从仂亠从舒, 于亳舒于从舒. 舒) 仆仂亟 仄亠仆 亠 从舒于仂; 弍) 亰舒于亢亟亳 仗亳亶仄舒 亰 亰舒于舒仂仄; 于) 仂仄仍ﾑﾑ. 3. 亊从 于亳 舒于亳亠 亟仂 仂弍, 磻亠 于亳仄舒亞舒 亰仆舒仆亳 亞仂仂于亳 于亳舒? 舒) 亠仆 从仂亟舒 仆舒 亠 亞仂; 弍) 仄亠仆亠 仆亠仄舒 仄仂亢仍亳于仂 仄舒亳 舒从亠 仂弍; 于) 仆舒 仂亟仆亠 亰 仂弍 于亟亟舒于 弍亳 于 亞仂. 4. 仂仍亳 于亳 亟仄舒亠 仗仂 亞仂, 磻 仂亰舒仂于亠 于亳舒亳亳 于仗仂亟仂于亢 亳亢仆: 舒) 于亳舒舒亠 亰舒 仂亟亳仆 亳亢亟亠仆; 弍) 仆仂亟 于亳舒舒, 舒 仆仂亟 仆; 于) 仂亰仗仂亟仍亠 于仆仂仄仆仂. 5. ﾐ莞, 磻 仗亟 仍仂于仂仄 束舒晛 仂亰仄ﾑ 弍舒亞舒于仂 亞舒仆亠 亢亳: 舒) 于亳从仍亳从舒ﾑ 仗于, 舒亟亢亠 仗舒于亢仆 舒 仗仂仂亟亳 仗仂于亰 仆亳; 弍) 仄亠仆 仆亠仗亳仄仆, 舒亟亢亠 于仂仆亳 仆亠 于仄ﾑ 仆于舒亳 仗舒于亢仆 仆仆仂; 于) 仂亰仄仆, 舒亟亢亠 从舒亠 弍亳 亰亟仂仂于亳仄 弍舒亞舒亳仄, 仆亢 弍亟仆亳仄 于仂亳仄. 6. 丼仂仄 仍ﾐ莞 弍亠 亞仂 于 弍仂亞? 舒) 仆亶 亠亠亟仆亶 亟仂亟 亰舒仆舒亟仂 仆亳亰从亳亶; 弍) 仂 亢亳亳 从舒亠, 仆亢 仄仂亢; 于) 仆亳 于亠 舒 亰磦仍ﾑ 仆亠仗亠亠亟弍舒于舒仆 于亳舒亳.
- 15. 个弌亊 丐 亊 弌丕 丕丕
- 16. 丿 亊 仗舒ﾐ火委亳 仂仗仂仆亳亶 从仂仆仗亠从 , 磻亳亶 亰仆舒仂亟亳 于舒 仆舒 仂仍舒. 亳仗亳舒亳 仆舒亰于亳 亞仂仂于亳 仂亟亳仆亳 亰舒弍亢仆亳 从舒仆. 亳亞舒亟舒亳 于仂亳 从舒仆从亳 亰舒弍亢仆亳 舒于仂于, 磻亳 仂亰从亳于舒 仗仂弍仍亠仄舒 亞仂亠亶.