際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Moral dilemma

Anna Jo
Anna Jo

This document discusses several studies on the neural foundations of moral reasoning and antisocial behavior. It aims to investigate instrumental aggression in moral decision-making among schizophrenic criminal offenders using moral dilemmas. The study assumes impairments in brain regions involved in moral cognition and emotion may underlie rule-breaking behavior in antisocial populations. It will examine reaction times and skin conductance responses to dilemmas to test dual-process theories of moral judgment.

Convert to study guideBETA

Transform any presentation into a summarized study guide, highlighting the most important points and key insights.

1 of 9
The instrumental aggression of Schizophrenic criminal offenders during moral decision-making ANNA JO BRAIN DYNAMICS LABORATORY DEPT. OF BIO & BRAIN ENGINEERING KAIST
Guilt, Social norm, and Aggression Guilt: a natural but contested candidate for the sort of emotional sanction for wrongdoing that might supply motivational force in dilemmas. (by P.S. Greenspan) Morality Ethics Social Norm Social Norm 則 Customary rules of behavior that coordinate our interactions with others. 則 Norms and equilibria 則 Norm enforcement 則 Norms and efficiency Crime Motivation Aggression Introduction
Theory of moral judgment (posed by Joshua Greene) Deontological Utilitarian moral judgments moral judgments Moral Dilemma 端Consequentialist 端 Rights, duties Tension b/w (driven by automatic 端 Promoting the greater moral emotional responses) philosophies goods(driven by cognitive process) Emotion Reason Dual Process Moral Judgment vmPFC DLPFC Introduction
Moral Dilemmas and the Trolley problem (posed by the philosophers Philippa Foot and Judith Jarvis Thomson) To apply the methods of cognitive neuroscience to the study of moral judgment Switch dilemma Footbridge dilemma An alternate set of tracks where it An alternate set of tracks where it will kill one person instead of five. will kill one person instead of five. Introduction
An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment (Greene, J.D., Sommerville, R.B., Nystrom, L.E., Darley, J.M., Cohen, J.D. (2001) Science, 293, 21058.) 則 Brain scanning using fMRI to investigate the neural circuitry and the role of reason and emotion in moral judgment 則 Nine participants responded to each of 60 dilemmas by indicating whether they judged the action it proposes to be appropriate or inappropriate. 則 Different brain areas in activity among the moral-personal, moral-impersonal, and non-moral conditions. whether to travel by bus or by train given certain time Non- constraints moral which of two coupons to use at a store moral-personal: footbridge dilemma(more emotional) Moral , crying baby dilemma(more difficult) moral-impersonal: switch dilemma(less emotional) Background
Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments (Adrian Raine and Yaling Yang(2006) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience SCAN 1, 203213) 則 Focal bilateral damage to the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex(VMPC), a brain region necessary for the normal generation of emotions and, in particular, social emotions, produces an abnormally 'utilitarian' pattern of judgments on moral dilemma. 則 Patients with VMPC lesions exhibit generally diminished emotional responsivity and markedly reduced social emotions 則 Each 6 patient with adult-onset, focal bilateral VMPC lesions, neurologically normal,and brain-damaged comparison(BDC) subjects. Conclusion 則 The VMPC group's response differed only for personal moral scenarios. 則 VMPC patients' judgments differed from comparison subjects' only for high-conflict personal moral dilemma. 則 The VMPC patients' abnormally high rate of utilitarian judgments is attributed to diminished social emotion 則 VMPC patients may exhibit short-temper, irritability, and anger. Background
Neural foundations to moral reasoning and antisocial behavior (Adrian Raine and Yaling Yang(2006) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience SCAN 1, 203213) 則 A common feature of the antisocial, rule-breaking behavior that is central to criminal, violent and psychopathic individuals is the failure to follow moral guidelines. 則 Key areas found to be functionally or structurally impaired in antisocial populations include dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex. 則 Regions most commonly activated in moral judgment tasks consist of the polar/medial and ventral PFC, amygdala, angular gyrus and posterior cingulate. Conclusion 則 Brain areas associated with both moral reasoning and antisocial behavior significantly overlap; 則 The rule-breaking, immoral behavior of antisocial and psychopathic individuals may in part be due to impairments in those brain regions subserving moral cognition and emotion; 則 While impairments to the moral emotional system may be primary in anti-socials, disruption of moral cognitive and cognitive-emotional systems are also possible. Background
Main questions to investigate instrumental aggression during moral dilemmas in behavioral experiment Goal i. Using classic moral dilemmas to identify behavioral influences such as reaction time and skin conductance underlying moral decision-making in schizophrenic criminal offenders. ii. Investigating the issue of instrumental aggression to prove a dual-process theory of moral judgment from utilitarian perspective(endorsing harmful actions that promote the greater good) Assumption 則Functionally or structurally impaired in antisocial populations include dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex. 則 Regions most commonly activated in moral judgment tasks consist of the polar/medial and ventral PFC, amygdala, angular gyrus and posterior cingulate. 則 Impairments to the emotional component that comprises the feeling of what is moral are viewed as the primary deficit in anti-socials, although some disruption to the cognitive and cognitive-emotional components of morality. The Aim of Study
Experiment: The significance of study Interpersonal Factor - glib, superficially charming - callous, manipulative - pathological lying - grandiose sense of self worth Lifestyle factor Affective Factor - stimulation seeking - lack of remorse or guilt - impulsive, irresponsible Instrumental - shallow affect - parasitic lifestyle Aggression - callous, lacking empathy - lack of realistic goals - failure to accept responsibility Antisocial factor - poor behavioral controls - early behavior problems - juvenile delinquency - revocation of conditional release - criminal versatility Experiment Analysis

More Related Content

Moral dilemma

  • 1. The instrumental aggression of Schizophrenic criminal offenders during moral decision-making ANNA JO BRAIN DYNAMICS LABORATORY DEPT. OF BIO & BRAIN ENGINEERING KAIST
  • 2. Guilt, Social norm, and Aggression Guilt: a natural but contested candidate for the sort of emotional sanction for wrongdoing that might supply motivational force in dilemmas. (by P.S. Greenspan) Morality Ethics Social Norm Social Norm 則 Customary rules of behavior that coordinate our interactions with others. 則 Norms and equilibria 則 Norm enforcement 則 Norms and efficiency Crime Motivation Aggression Introduction
  • 3. Theory of moral judgment (posed by Joshua Greene) Deontological Utilitarian moral judgments moral judgments Moral Dilemma 端Consequentialist 端 Rights, duties Tension b/w (driven by automatic 端 Promoting the greater moral emotional responses) philosophies goods(driven by cognitive process) Emotion Reason Dual Process Moral Judgment vmPFC DLPFC Introduction
  • 4. Moral Dilemmas and the Trolley problem (posed by the philosophers Philippa Foot and Judith Jarvis Thomson) To apply the methods of cognitive neuroscience to the study of moral judgment Switch dilemma Footbridge dilemma An alternate set of tracks where it An alternate set of tracks where it will kill one person instead of five. will kill one person instead of five. Introduction
  • 5. An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment (Greene, J.D., Sommerville, R.B., Nystrom, L.E., Darley, J.M., Cohen, J.D. (2001) Science, 293, 21058.) 則 Brain scanning using fMRI to investigate the neural circuitry and the role of reason and emotion in moral judgment 則 Nine participants responded to each of 60 dilemmas by indicating whether they judged the action it proposes to be appropriate or inappropriate. 則 Different brain areas in activity among the moral-personal, moral-impersonal, and non-moral conditions. whether to travel by bus or by train given certain time Non- constraints moral which of two coupons to use at a store moral-personal: footbridge dilemma(more emotional) Moral , crying baby dilemma(more difficult) moral-impersonal: switch dilemma(less emotional) Background
  • 6. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments (Adrian Raine and Yaling Yang(2006) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience SCAN 1, 203213) 則 Focal bilateral damage to the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex(VMPC), a brain region necessary for the normal generation of emotions and, in particular, social emotions, produces an abnormally 'utilitarian' pattern of judgments on moral dilemma. 則 Patients with VMPC lesions exhibit generally diminished emotional responsivity and markedly reduced social emotions 則 Each 6 patient with adult-onset, focal bilateral VMPC lesions, neurologically normal,and brain-damaged comparison(BDC) subjects. Conclusion 則 The VMPC group's response differed only for personal moral scenarios. 則 VMPC patients' judgments differed from comparison subjects' only for high-conflict personal moral dilemma. 則 The VMPC patients' abnormally high rate of utilitarian judgments is attributed to diminished social emotion 則 VMPC patients may exhibit short-temper, irritability, and anger. Background
  • 7. Neural foundations to moral reasoning and antisocial behavior (Adrian Raine and Yaling Yang(2006) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience SCAN 1, 203213) 則 A common feature of the antisocial, rule-breaking behavior that is central to criminal, violent and psychopathic individuals is the failure to follow moral guidelines. 則 Key areas found to be functionally or structurally impaired in antisocial populations include dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex. 則 Regions most commonly activated in moral judgment tasks consist of the polar/medial and ventral PFC, amygdala, angular gyrus and posterior cingulate. Conclusion 則 Brain areas associated with both moral reasoning and antisocial behavior significantly overlap; 則 The rule-breaking, immoral behavior of antisocial and psychopathic individuals may in part be due to impairments in those brain regions subserving moral cognition and emotion; 則 While impairments to the moral emotional system may be primary in anti-socials, disruption of moral cognitive and cognitive-emotional systems are also possible. Background
  • 8. Main questions to investigate instrumental aggression during moral dilemmas in behavioral experiment Goal i. Using classic moral dilemmas to identify behavioral influences such as reaction time and skin conductance underlying moral decision-making in schizophrenic criminal offenders. ii. Investigating the issue of instrumental aggression to prove a dual-process theory of moral judgment from utilitarian perspective(endorsing harmful actions that promote the greater good) Assumption 則Functionally or structurally impaired in antisocial populations include dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex. 則 Regions most commonly activated in moral judgment tasks consist of the polar/medial and ventral PFC, amygdala, angular gyrus and posterior cingulate. 則 Impairments to the emotional component that comprises the feeling of what is moral are viewed as the primary deficit in anti-socials, although some disruption to the cognitive and cognitive-emotional components of morality. The Aim of Study
  • 9. Experiment: The significance of study Interpersonal Factor - glib, superficially charming - callous, manipulative - pathological lying - grandiose sense of self worth Lifestyle factor Affective Factor - stimulation seeking - lack of remorse or guilt - impulsive, irresponsible Instrumental - shallow affect - parasitic lifestyle Aggression - callous, lacking empathy - lack of realistic goals - failure to accept responsibility Antisocial factor - poor behavioral controls - early behavior problems - juvenile delinquency - revocation of conditional release - criminal versatility Experiment Analysis