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Catriona Smillie

A mule presented with weakness and shaking after being bought four days prior. Diagnostics showed mild abnormalities and treatment with antibiotics and fluids was started. The mule's condition deteriorated over the next day with increased weakness and pale mucous membranes until it was unable to rise and had to be euthanized. At post mortem, a displaced small intestine was found between the body wall and an enlarged, congested spleen, along with a very firm, rounded-edge liver.

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Case presentations Week two
Mule with strangles • Presented on the 25/11 with a days inappetance, some coughing and a swelling of the ventral neck/jaw. • T = 37.8, P = 44, R = 20 with abdominal effort and a noisy trachea.
• Presentation typical of strangles (Streptococcus equi equi). • Isolation controls, penicillin 20mg/kg BID, hot compress QID.
Case Presentations Week 3
Rectal Prolapse • Adult mare presented on 3/12 with rectal prolapse (since previous evening) and lameness. • Rectum replaced under epidural (xylazine and lidocaine), and Bunna suture placed. • Forefeet radiographed, trimmed and pads placed.
Morocco presentations
Morocco presentations
Case Presentations Week Four
Anterior Uveitis • Young adult, male, horse. • Presented on 8/12 with a closed eye and overflowing tears following probable trauma when rubbing face on a branch three days ago. • Examination facilitated by auriculopalpebral (motor) and supraorbital (sensory) nerve blocks.
• Findings: blepharospasm, enophthalmos, epiphora, miosis, aqueous flare and hyphaema in ventral anterior chamber, and neovascularisation ventrally. • Treatment: flunixin 1.1mg/kg BID IV, atropine eye drops BID/to effect, dexamethasone eye drops TID (sub palpebral lavage). • Response: eye lids quickly opened, pupil partially dilated with no synchea formed, and anterior chamber beginning to clear. • Plan: continue decreasing anti-inflammatory program while waiting for chamber to resorb debris. Ideally maintain treatment for one month after clinical signs resolved.
Weak Mule American Fondouk Case of Interest
Presentation • Presented on 27th having been weak and shaking since bought on 23rd. • Appeared ataxic/weak at walk, easily pulled by tail and slow placement responses. • Odd style of eating, chomping at hay rather than chewing properly. • T = 38.1, P = 80-100 fluctuating, R = 20, gut sounds normal. • MM pale and slightly blue.
Diagnostics 27/11/14 28/11/14 am 28/11/14 pm Haematology HCT 44% mild neutrophilia TP 7g/dl HCT 42% neutrophila increased TP 7g/dl PCV 40-42% TP 6.3 g/dl Biochemistry mild low BUN mild low CREA mild high GGT mild high AST mild high BIL
Treatment • Cetiofur TID, gentamicin SID started 27/11. • 0.9% NaCl IV fluid therapy started 28/11 running fast to replace estimated 8% dehydration (based on high HCT not clinical signs).
Case Progression • Heart rate remained high but fluctuating. • MM became pink from 2000 27/11 until 1200 28/11 but then became pale and blue again. • Seen head pressing 1700 27/11 and developed dull demeanour. • Weakness increased until recumbent and unable to rise or shift self along the floor approx. midday 28/11/14 • Exhalation grunt, nystagmus and rapid heart rate developed from 1200-1500. • Euthanised 1540.
Post Mortem Findings • Displaced SI between body wall and spleen. • Enlarged spleen speckled with congestion. • Exceedingly firm nutmeg liver, rounded edges. • No abnormalities detected in the heart, lung or kidney.
Morocco presentations
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Morocco presentations

  • 2. Mule with strangles • Presented on the 25/11 with a days inappetance, some coughing and a swelling of the ventral neck/jaw. • T = 37.8, P = 44, R = 20 with abdominal effort and a noisy trachea.
  • 3. • Presentation typical of strangles (Streptococcus equi equi). • Isolation controls, penicillin 20mg/kg BID, hot compress QID.
  • 5. Rectal Prolapse • Adult mare presented on 3/12 with rectal prolapse (since previous evening) and lameness. • Rectum replaced under epidural (xylazine and lidocaine), and Bunna suture placed. • Forefeet radiographed, trimmed and pads placed.
  • 9. Anterior Uveitis • Young adult, male, horse. • Presented on 8/12 with a closed eye and overflowing tears following probable trauma when rubbing face on a branch three days ago. • Examination facilitated by auriculopalpebral (motor) and supraorbital (sensory) nerve blocks.
  • 10. • Findings: blepharospasm, enophthalmos, epiphora, miosis, aqueous flare and hyphaema in ventral anterior chamber, and neovascularisation ventrally. • Treatment: flunixin 1.1mg/kg BID IV, atropine eye drops BID/to effect, dexamethasone eye drops TID (sub palpebral lavage). • Response: eye lids quickly opened, pupil partially dilated with no synchea formed, and anterior chamber beginning to clear. • Plan: continue decreasing anti-inflammatory program while waiting for chamber to resorb debris. Ideally maintain treatment for one month after clinical signs resolved.
  • 11. Weak Mule American Fondouk Case of Interest
  • 12. Presentation • Presented on 27th having been weak and shaking since bought on 23rd. • Appeared ataxic/weak at walk, easily pulled by tail and slow placement responses. • Odd style of eating, chomping at hay rather than chewing properly. • T = 38.1, P = 80-100 fluctuating, R = 20, gut sounds normal. • MM pale and slightly blue.
  • 13. Diagnostics 27/11/14 28/11/14 am 28/11/14 pm Haematology HCT 44% mild neutrophilia TP 7g/dl HCT 42% neutrophila increased TP 7g/dl PCV 40-42% TP 6.3 g/dl Biochemistry mild low BUN mild low CREA mild high GGT mild high AST mild high BIL
  • 14. Treatment • Cetiofur TID, gentamicin SID started 27/11. • 0.9% NaCl IV fluid therapy started 28/11 running fast to replace estimated 8% dehydration (based on high HCT not clinical signs).
  • 15. Case Progression • Heart rate remained high but fluctuating. • MM became pink from 2000 27/11 until 1200 28/11 but then became pale and blue again. • Seen head pressing 1700 27/11 and developed dull demeanour. • Weakness increased until recumbent and unable to rise or shift self along the floor approx. midday 28/11/14 • Exhalation grunt, nystagmus and rapid heart rate developed from 1200-1500. • Euthanised 1540.
  • 16. Post Mortem Findings • Displaced SI between body wall and spleen. • Enlarged spleen speckled with congestion. • Exceedingly firm nutmeg liver, rounded edges. • No abnormalities detected in the heart, lung or kidney.