Morphology
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This document provides an overview of morphology, the study of morphemes and words. It defines key morphological terms like morpheme, allomorph, morph, free and bound morphemes. It also distinguishes between different types of words like content words and function words. Additionally, it discusses inflections and how they create variants of the same lexeme. The document concludes by outlining different processes of word formation including derivation, conversion, compounding, clipping, blending, backformation and acronyms.
Morphology
- 1. Unit 5: Morphology, the study of morphemes and words
- 2. Words TAKE Syntactic words Orthographic words Lexeme Take, takes, took, taken _take_ Words Content words Function words Noun, verb, adj., adverb, preposition Conjunction, pronouns, auxiliaries
- 3. Inflections the inflected words are the variants of a lexeme Lexeme: go go, goes, went, gone, going
- 4. Morpheme: The smallest meaningful units of language, which cannot be subdivided without losing their meaning. Allomorphs are the positional alternants of a morpheme, they have the same meaning and are in complementary distribution. Morphs are the physical realizations of morphemes
- 5. Morpheme: Free morpheme Bound morpheme: It can occur by itself as a whole word. It must be attached to other morpheme {house}, {albatross}, {kangaroo}, {lullaby}, {table}, {-s}, {-ly}, {-er}, {-ment}, {-ness}, {il_}, {im_}, A stem: the part of a word which remains if we remove the suffix or prefix that has entered the word last.
- 6. An Example of stem analysis: If we remove all affixes, we arrive at the absolute stem, called root (also known as base), which is always a single morpheme. Thus, the root of unfriendliness is {friend}, underlined in (2). Word segmentation
- 7. Word formation 1. Derivational 2. Conversion 3. Compounding 4. Clipping 5. Blending 6. Backformation 7. acronym