Morphology
- 2. MORPHOLOGY Investigating basic forms in a language is called morphology. Nitakupenda I will love you.
- 3. MORPHEMES The definition of a morpheme is "a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function.
- 4. Free Morphemes That can stand by themselves as single words. New Tour
- 5. Bound Morphemes Can not stand alone and attached to another form. Re- re-new-ed -ist tour-ist -ed walk-ed
- 6. Lexical Morphemes IT IS THOUGHT 束OPEN CLASS損 MORPHEMES. WE CAN CREATE NEW WORDS. EXAMPLES: GIRL, MAN, HOUSE, TIGER, SAD.
- 7. Functional Morphemes It is thought 束closed class損 morphemes. We almost never add new functional morphemes to language. Conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns.
- 8. Bound Morphemes Derivational Morphemes To make new words or to make words of different grammatical category from the stem. -ful -less Inflectional Morphemes Indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word. Noun + -s, -s Verb +-s, -ing, -ed, -en Adjective +-er, -est
- 10. Inflectional Morphemes Jims two sisters are really different. One likes to have fun and is always laughing. The other liked to read as a child and has always taken things seriously. One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter than a mouse.
- 11. There is an order in usage of derivational and inflectional morphemes. First derivational morpheme is added. Teach-er Than inflectional morpheme is added. teacher-s
- 12. Problems in Morphological Description Inflectional morpheme s is added to noun to make it plural. Cat cat-s There are exceptions like Plural form of man men sheep sheep
- 13. 1 What are the functional morphemes in the following sentence? When she walked into the room, the doctor asked me if I had a sore throat or an annoying cough.
- 14. 2 (i) List the bound morphemes in these words: fearlessly, happier, misleads, previewer, shortening, unreconstructed
- 15. (ii) Which of these words has a bound stem: consist(it has the meaning "remain; stand; stay. '' This meaning is found in such words as: assist, consist, desist, inconsistent, insist, irresistible, persist, resist, subsist, subsistence.) Deceit ive, used with the meaning again or again and again to indicate repetition, or with the meaning back or backward Introduce, intro occasionally used in the formation of new words Repeat, used with the meaning again or again and again to indicate repetition, or with the meaning back or backward
- 16. (iii) Which of these words contains an allomorph of the morpheme past tense: are, have, must, sitting, waits? Are were Have had Sitting sat Waits waited
- 17. 3 What are the in鍖ectional morphemes in these expressions? (a) Have you eaten yet? (b) Do you know how long Ive been waiting? (c) Shes younger than me and always dresses in the latest style. (d) We looked through my grandmothers old photo albums. (e) My parents parents were all from Scotland.
- 18. 4 What are the allomorphs of the morpheme plural in this set of English words? Criteria - Criterion Dogs - Dog Oxen - Ox Deer - Deer Judges - Judge Stimulus - Stimuli
- 19. 5 In Indonesian, the singular form translating child is anak and the plural form (children) is anakanak. What is the term used to describe this relationship? The process involved here is technically known as reduplication (=repeating all or part of a form).
- 20. Provide equivalent forms, in the languages listed, for the English translations shown on the right below. Ganda omulogo (twin) (twins) abalogo Ilocano tawtawa (windows) (window) tawa Ilocano talon (鍖eld) (鍖elds) taltalon Kanuri nmkji (sweetness) (sweet) kji Tagalog bili (buy) (will buy) bibili Tagalog kain (eat) (Eat!) kumain!
- 21. What are enclitics and proclitics? Does English have both? What are some typical English examples? Why arent they just called af鍖xes? In English morphology and phonology, a clitic is a word or part of a word that is structurally dependent on a neighboring word (its host) and cannot stand on its own. they are attached at the end as enclitics: she's (she is or she has), don't (do not). Occasionally they are proclitics: d'you (do you), 'tis (it is). A clitic is said to be "phonologically bound," which means that it's pronounced, with very little emphasis, as if it were affixed to an adjacent word.