際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Mrsa 2009

S
suzannerawlins

MRSA is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to methicillin and other commonly used antibiotics. It can cause infections of the skin or deeper tissues and organs. Healthcare-associated MRSA is often contracted by patients in healthcare settings, while community-associated MRSA is most common in healthy individuals who participate in contact sports or share personal items. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected skin or contaminated surfaces. Treatment involves antibiotics like vancomycin, and prevention focuses on hand washing and disinfecting surfaces to avoid spreading the infection.

1 of 16
MRSAmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusBy Karen S. Rawlins, BA, CDPT
DefinitionCaused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria staphResistant to the antibiotics commonly used for staphMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be fatalHealthcare-associated (HA-MRSA)Community-associated (CA-MRSA)
MRSAStaph infections (including MRSA) generally start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites.
MRSAThese can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that may require surgical draining or other care from your doctor.
MRSASometimes the bacteria stays just in the skin.But sometimes it penetrates into the bones, joints, surgical wounds, blood, heart valves and lungs.
WHO HAS IT?Staph is normally found on skin or in the nose in about 1/3 of population.Those who carry staph in this way are said to be colonized but not infected.Colonized people can be healthy, but pass the germ on to others.Staph are generally harmless unless they enter body through cut or wound.For older adults or those with weakened immune systems it can be very serious.Recently it has even spread to normally healthy people such as athletes who share equipment or personal items.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCEHumans bear most of the responsibility for antibiotic resistance.Unnecessary antibiotic use.Antibiotics in food and water.Germ mutation.
RISK FACTORSCA-MRSAYoung age.Participating in contact sports.Sharing towels or athletic equipment.Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions.Association with health care workers.HA-MRSAA current or recent hospitalization.Living in a long-term care facility.Invasive devices.Recent antibiotic use.
When to seek medical advice
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSRedness, warmth and tendernessPus a yellowish-white fluid that may have a foul smellFever
TESTS & DIAGNOSISDoctors diagnose MRSA with a tissue sample or by testing nasal secretions.The lab cultures the tissue or secretion sample (about 2 days).Newer tests can check for DNA (a few hours) .
TREATMENT& DRUGSBoth HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA still respond to certain medications. Vancomycin is frequently used in the hospital.
PREVENTIONHospitals are tracking outbreaksInvestigating alternative surfaces and materialsBEST WAY TO PREVENT SPREAD: Washing hands and disinfecting surfacesWear PPE when working with people infected with resistant bacteria
What you can do in your communityWash your handsKeep personal items personalKeep wounds coveredShower after athletic games or practices or other contact-type activitiesSit out of contact activities if you have a concerning infectionSanitize linensGet testedUse antibiotics appropriately
If your infection isnt improving after a few days of taking an antibiotic,contact your doctor.
Material adapted from www.mayoclinic.com/print/mrsa Downloaded March 10, 2009

More Related Content

Mrsa 2009

  • 2. DefinitionCaused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria staphResistant to the antibiotics commonly used for staphMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be fatalHealthcare-associated (HA-MRSA)Community-associated (CA-MRSA)
  • 3. MRSAStaph infections (including MRSA) generally start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites.
  • 4. MRSAThese can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that may require surgical draining or other care from your doctor.
  • 5. MRSASometimes the bacteria stays just in the skin.But sometimes it penetrates into the bones, joints, surgical wounds, blood, heart valves and lungs.
  • 6. WHO HAS IT?Staph is normally found on skin or in the nose in about 1/3 of population.Those who carry staph in this way are said to be colonized but not infected.Colonized people can be healthy, but pass the germ on to others.Staph are generally harmless unless they enter body through cut or wound.For older adults or those with weakened immune systems it can be very serious.Recently it has even spread to normally healthy people such as athletes who share equipment or personal items.
  • 7. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCEHumans bear most of the responsibility for antibiotic resistance.Unnecessary antibiotic use.Antibiotics in food and water.Germ mutation.
  • 8. RISK FACTORSCA-MRSAYoung age.Participating in contact sports.Sharing towels or athletic equipment.Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions.Association with health care workers.HA-MRSAA current or recent hospitalization.Living in a long-term care facility.Invasive devices.Recent antibiotic use.
  • 9. When to seek medical advice
  • 10. SIGNS & SYMPTOMSRedness, warmth and tendernessPus a yellowish-white fluid that may have a foul smellFever
  • 11. TESTS & DIAGNOSISDoctors diagnose MRSA with a tissue sample or by testing nasal secretions.The lab cultures the tissue or secretion sample (about 2 days).Newer tests can check for DNA (a few hours) .
  • 12. TREATMENT& DRUGSBoth HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA still respond to certain medications. Vancomycin is frequently used in the hospital.
  • 13. PREVENTIONHospitals are tracking outbreaksInvestigating alternative surfaces and materialsBEST WAY TO PREVENT SPREAD: Washing hands and disinfecting surfacesWear PPE when working with people infected with resistant bacteria
  • 14. What you can do in your communityWash your handsKeep personal items personalKeep wounds coveredShower after athletic games or practices or other contact-type activitiesSit out of contact activities if you have a concerning infectionSanitize linensGet testedUse antibiotics appropriately
  • 15. If your infection isnt improving after a few days of taking an antibiotic,contact your doctor.
  • 16. Material adapted from www.mayoclinic.com/print/mrsa Downloaded March 10, 2009