This document discusses tree-based machine translation using synchronous context-free grammar (SCFG). SCFG is an extension of context-free grammar that can model correspondences between sentences in two languages. The document explains the formal definition of SCFG, provides examples of rewrite rules and derivations, and discusses some key characteristics like the inability to binarize higher-rank rules. It also outlines the contents to be covered, including training SCFG models.