The document discusses co-factors and co-enzymes, which are additional components that some enzymes need to function properly. Co-factors can be co-enzymes, prosthetic groups, or inorganic ions. Co-enzymes are organic compounds that transfer chemical groups or electrons during enzymatic reactions. Prosthetic groups are non-protein organic or inorganic groups that bind tightly to an enzyme and are essential for its activity. Inorganic ions like magnesium, calcium, and iron also serve as co-factors that are required by certain enzymes.
