Mutasi genetik

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Dokumen ini menjelaskan berbagai jenis perubahan pada materi genetik seperti mutasi gen dan kromosom akibat faktor-faktor seperti radiasi, mutagen, dan suhu. Berbagai tipe mutasi termasuk monosomik, nulisomik, trisomik, dan tetrasomik serta mekanisme seperti delesi, duplikasi, dan translokasi dibahas. Penjelasan lebih lanjut tentang aneuploidi dan ketidaksempurnaan kromatid selama meiosis juga disajikan.

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Perubahan
yang terjadi
pada materi genetik
( DNA atau RNA)

TINGKAT
MACAM
GEN
KROMOSOM
MACAM SEL
SIFATGENETIK
ARAH MUTASI
KEJADIANNYA
MUTASI

Monosomik
(2n-1)
Nulisomik
(2n-2)
Trisomik
(2n+1)
Tetrasomik
(2n+2)

FAKTOR
ANEUPLOIDI
1.Tidak melekatnya kromatid pada
benang gelendong pada anfase
meiosis 1
2.Tidak melekatnya kromatid pada
benang gelendong pada anafase
meiosis 2

(XO)
(XXY)
(trisomi pd kromosom ke 16, 17, 18)
(trisomi pd kromosom ke 21)
(trisomi pd kromosom ke 13, 14, 15)

DELESI
KATENASI
DUPLIKASI
TRANSLOKASI
INVERSI
ISOKROMOSOM

KEKURANGAN SEGMEN KROMOSOM
1. TERMINAL (UJUNG)
2. INTERTIAL (TENGAH)
3. CINCIN (HILANGNYA SEGMEN SHG
BERBENTUK SEPERTI CINCIN)
4. LOOP (DELESI CINCIN YANG
MELENGKUNG PADA WAKTU MEIOSIS)

(SALING
BERTUKAR)
(HANYA SATU YANG
BERTUKAR)
(PENGGABUNGAN
2 KROMOSOM AKROSENTRIK
MENJADI SATU KROMOSOM
METASENTRIK)

KATENASI
BERTEMUNYA DUA UJUNG NONHOMOLOG YANG
BARU MEMBELAH

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Mutasi genetik

2. Perubahan yang terjadi pada materi genetik ( DNA atau RNA)

4. RADIASI MUTAGEN KIMIA TEMPERATUR

5. 1.

6. HGEB C DA F

7. 2.

8. 3.

9. TINGKAT MACAM GEN KROMOSOM MACAM SEL SIFATGENETIK ARAH MUTASI KEJADIANNYA MUTASI

10. MUTASI GEN

12. C G T A A G CTTACG T C

13. C GT GAA CTAG T CC A

15. C G T A A G CTTACG A T G C

16. C G T A A G CTTACG

17. MUTASI KROMOSOM

26. Monosomik (2n-1) Nulisomik (2n-2) Trisomik (2n+1) Tetrasomik (2n+2)

27. FAKTOR ANEUPLOIDI 1.Tidak melekatnya kromatid pada benang gelendong pada anfase meiosis 1 2.Tidak melekatnya kromatid pada benang gelendong pada anafase meiosis 2

28. (XO) (XXY) (trisomi pd kromosom ke 16, 17, 18) (trisomi pd kromosom ke 21) (trisomi pd kromosom ke 13, 14, 15)

29. DELESI KATENASI DUPLIKASI TRANSLOKASI INVERSI ISOKROMOSOM

30. KEKURANGAN SEGMEN KROMOSOM 1. TERMINAL (UJUNG) 2. INTERTIAL (TENGAH) 3. CINCIN (HILANGNYA SEGMEN SHG BERBENTUK SEPERTI CINCIN) 4. LOOP (DELESI CINCIN YANG MELENGKUNG PADA WAKTU MEIOSIS)

33. DUPLIKASI abcde  abcdee

34. (SALING BERTUKAR) (HANYA SATU YANG BERTUKAR) (PENGGABUNGAN 2 KROMOSOM AKROSENTRIK MENJADI SATU KROMOSOM METASENTRIK)

42. KATENASI BERTEMUNYA DUA UJUNG NONHOMOLOG YANG BARU MEMBELAH

47. hanks Wifda R H Khoirn nisa HS

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Mutasi genetik

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