際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Nano materials

Download as PPTX, PDF
S
Sahil Anande

Nano Material Introduction and Synthesis Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (109 meter) but is usually 1100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]). Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties. Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]

Convert to study materialsBETA

Transform any presentation into ready-made study materialselect from outputs like summaries, definitions, and practice questions.

1 of 14
Downloaded 381 times
NANO MATERIALS Introduction and synthesis
INTRODUCTION In simple, any physical substance with structural dimensions between 1- 100nm can be defined as NANOMATERIAL Nano materials NANO +MATERIALS dwarf=quantum
WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS?
WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS? Nanomaterials: Materials possessing one or more dimensional features having length of order of a billionth of a metre. Simply ,1 inch = 2,54,00,000 nm. If one marble =1 nm,1 m would be size of earth.
WHY NANOMATERIALS ARE CALLED SO? NANOSCALE: Border line between macro scale and quantum scale. MACRO -------> NANO -------> QUANTUM > 100nm 1-100nm < 1nm
IMPORTANCE AND PROPERTIES 1 nm = 1000 millionth of a metre. e.g.(1)Red blood cells = 7000 nm(approx.) (2)water molecule = 0.3 nm. At Nanoscale , the properties of materials can be very different from those at larger scale.Such as (1)Optical (4) Melting (7)Bandgap (2)Catalysis (5) Conductivity (8)Surface area (3)Reactivity (6) Solubility (9)Mechanical properties
SIGNIFICANCE Composites made of nano particle become much stronger than predicted. e.g. grain size (10 nm)is 7 times harder and tougher than grain size (100 nm). The properties of materials can be differentat nanoscale due to 2 main reason (1)Larger surface area chemically more reactive (2)Quantum effects begin to dominate the behaviour of matter at nano scale.
CLASSIFICATION
APPEARANCE OF NANOMATERIALS
SYNTHESIS APPROACH OF NANOMATERIALS TOP DOWN METHOD: From bulk materials to nanomaterial.(MACRO to NANO scale) BOTTOM UP METHOD: From quantum material to nano material.(QUANTUM to NANO scale)
SYNTHESIS APPROACH OF NANOMATERIALS TOP DOWN (BULK to NANO) METHODS: 1. MECHANICAL GRINDING: (a)larger scale materials are grinded to nanoscale. 2. LITHOGRAPHY: (a)tiny chips from relatively large structure. BOTTOM UP (QUANTUM to NANO) METHODS: 1. SELF ASSEMBLY: (a) Desired Nanostructures are self assembled without any external manipulation. 2. POSITIONAL ASSEMBLY: (a)We can program to manipulate atom & molecule at will.
NANOMATERIALSSYNTHESISTECHNIQUES GAS PHASE METHODS: (1)Vapor Evaporation/Condensation (2)Chemical Vapor Deposition (3)Laser Ablation CHEMICAL METHODS: (1)Precipitations (2)Micro-emulsion Synthesis (3)Sol gel Synthesis (4)Spray Drying/Spray Pyrolysis (5)Thermal Decomposition MECHANICAL DEFORMATION: (1)Mechanical Alloying (2)Chemo - Mechanical Alloying (3)Severe Mechanical Deformation
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOP DOWN AND BOTTOM UP APPROACH Bottom up Approach 1. QUANTUM to NANO. 2. It can be found from nature. 3. Higher precision accuracy. 4. No wastage of material. Top down Approach 1. BULK to NANO. 2. It cannot be found from nature. 3. Lower precision accuracy. 4. Wastage of material occurs.
ANSWER IS : BOTTOM UP 1. When object size is getting smaller in nanofabrication , bottom up approach is an increasingly important complement to top down techniques. 2. Bottom up approach can be found from nature, where biological systems have exploited chemical forces to create structure for cells needed for life. Whereas , top down approach is uncommon/rare in nature. 3. Limitations to top down approach are surfaces & edges are not perfect as they are wrinkly or containing cavities , wastage of material & restriction to get smaller size.

More Related Content

Nano materials

  • 2. INTRODUCTION In simple, any physical substance with structural dimensions between 1- 100nm can be defined as NANOMATERIAL Nano materials NANO +MATERIALS dwarf=quantum
  • 4. WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS? Nanomaterials: Materials possessing one or more dimensional features having length of order of a billionth of a metre. Simply ,1 inch = 2,54,00,000 nm. If one marble =1 nm,1 m would be size of earth.
  • 5. WHY NANOMATERIALS ARE CALLED SO? NANOSCALE: Border line between macro scale and quantum scale. MACRO -------> NANO -------> QUANTUM > 100nm 1-100nm < 1nm
  • 6. IMPORTANCE AND PROPERTIES 1 nm = 1000 millionth of a metre. e.g.(1)Red blood cells = 7000 nm(approx.) (2)water molecule = 0.3 nm. At Nanoscale , the properties of materials can be very different from those at larger scale.Such as (1)Optical (4) Melting (7)Bandgap (2)Catalysis (5) Conductivity (8)Surface area (3)Reactivity (6) Solubility (9)Mechanical properties
  • 7. SIGNIFICANCE Composites made of nano particle become much stronger than predicted. e.g. grain size (10 nm)is 7 times harder and tougher than grain size (100 nm). The properties of materials can be differentat nanoscale due to 2 main reason (1)Larger surface area chemically more reactive (2)Quantum effects begin to dominate the behaviour of matter at nano scale.
  • 10. SYNTHESIS APPROACH OF NANOMATERIALS TOP DOWN METHOD: From bulk materials to nanomaterial.(MACRO to NANO scale) BOTTOM UP METHOD: From quantum material to nano material.(QUANTUM to NANO scale)
  • 11. SYNTHESIS APPROACH OF NANOMATERIALS TOP DOWN (BULK to NANO) METHODS: 1. MECHANICAL GRINDING: (a)larger scale materials are grinded to nanoscale. 2. LITHOGRAPHY: (a)tiny chips from relatively large structure. BOTTOM UP (QUANTUM to NANO) METHODS: 1. SELF ASSEMBLY: (a) Desired Nanostructures are self assembled without any external manipulation. 2. POSITIONAL ASSEMBLY: (a)We can program to manipulate atom & molecule at will.
  • 12. NANOMATERIALSSYNTHESISTECHNIQUES GAS PHASE METHODS: (1)Vapor Evaporation/Condensation (2)Chemical Vapor Deposition (3)Laser Ablation CHEMICAL METHODS: (1)Precipitations (2)Micro-emulsion Synthesis (3)Sol gel Synthesis (4)Spray Drying/Spray Pyrolysis (5)Thermal Decomposition MECHANICAL DEFORMATION: (1)Mechanical Alloying (2)Chemo - Mechanical Alloying (3)Severe Mechanical Deformation
  • 13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOP DOWN AND BOTTOM UP APPROACH Bottom up Approach 1. QUANTUM to NANO. 2. It can be found from nature. 3. Higher precision accuracy. 4. No wastage of material. Top down Approach 1. BULK to NANO. 2. It cannot be found from nature. 3. Lower precision accuracy. 4. Wastage of material occurs.
  • 14. ANSWER IS : BOTTOM UP 1. When object size is getting smaller in nanofabrication , bottom up approach is an increasingly important complement to top down techniques. 2. Bottom up approach can be found from nature, where biological systems have exploited chemical forces to create structure for cells needed for life. Whereas , top down approach is uncommon/rare in nature. 3. Limitations to top down approach are surfaces & edges are not perfect as they are wrinkly or containing cavities , wastage of material & restriction to get smaller size.