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Narrative family therapy
Presenter; Sarah Nondo
2024/HD0/21088E

founders; Michael White (1948-2008)
 Born on 29th
of December 1948
 Began his professional life as a mechanical draftsman
 He discovered he enjoyed people more than paper
 He earned a master’s of social work degree from the
University of South Australia and began his work as a
family therapist
 In the late 1970s and early 1980 was initially attracted to
the work of Gregory Bateson and Bateson’s explanatory
model of systems analysis
 He is known as the founder of narrative therapy
 Before his death in April 2008, White had set up the
Adelaide Narrative Therapy Centre as a facility for
counseling and training, He died on 4th of April 2008.

David Epston 1994 -
- Born on 30th
of August 1944 in Canada and began his
studies at the University of British Columbia in 1963
- migrated to New Zealand at age 19 years in 1964, where he
completed a degree in sociology and anthropology at
Auckland University in 1969.
-earned a master’s degree in applied social studies from
Warwick University in the United Kingdom and a Certificate
of Qualification in Social Work.
-Met Michael White in late 1970s ; they started collaborating.
-Together they created what is now known as Narrative
Therapy

Quick question 10sec
What do you understand by the word ‘narrative’?

definitions
Narrative; a spoken or written account of connected events; or a story
What Is Family Narrative Therapy?;Family Narrative Therapy is a form of
psychotherapy that centers on the narratives or stories that families construct
about their lives. The therapy encourages people to identify their values, skills,
and knowledge that have been overshadowed by negative stories.
This approach is based; on the idea that our perceptions and behaviors are
influenced by the narratives we hold about ourselves and our relationships. In
therapy, families are encouraged to share their individual stories, revealing how
each member perceives their experiences and relationships Not diagnosis.
What Is The Main Idea Of Narrative Therapy?;The main idea of narrative
therapy is that our identities and behaviors are shaped by the narratives or
stories we construct about our lives

Treatment Techniques
Externalization people are separate from their problems by
externalizing issues, can help families reframe and rewrite
their stories
Re-authoring Conversations; guided convos to see beyond
the problem
the Influence(effect) of the Problem on the person; how the
problem has influenced various aspects of family members’
lives and relationships.
The influence(effect)of the person on the problem
Predicting sets backs; what to do when the problem reoccur
are best dealt with when they are planned for or anticipated
 Ceremonies and Rituals and certificates of
accomplishment

Treatment techniques cont.
Rising dilemmas; to get client-families to examine possible
aspects of a problem before the need arises
Using questions;
A) Exception question; challenging the family view about the
problem with what and when they consider it i.e.; (snark)
B) Significance questions; unique redescription questions
“Now that you are more aware of how you acted in this
situation, to what do you attribute that behavior?”
Writing letters

REFLECTION
Think of a problem one or more members of your family is facing or faced
and how you can externalize it. How do you think your family would have or
can address the problem or externalize it

ROLE OF THE THERAPIST
 The therapist views problems as oppressive to families and
in need of elimination.
 The therapist works to find unique outcomes, that is,
exceptions, to families’ problems. The
 therapist uses questions and helps families create new
stories in which they, and not their problems, are in control.
PROCESS AND OUTCOME The process consists of three
phases:
• Deconstructing the dominant cultural narrative.
• Externalizing the problem.
• Reauthoring the story

UNIQUE ASPECTS OF NFT
Unique aspects of narrative family therapy include the following:
 Families learn to value their life experience and stories and
reauthor their lives.
 Families learn to find exceptions to their regular patterns of
living.
 Problems are externalized and worked on cooperatively.
 Expectations of setbacks and the raising of dilemmas help to
lower resistance.
 Letters to families by their therapists are sent regarding their
progress.
 Celebrations by families and therapists are held when goals
are reached.

Comparison with Other Theories
 Narrative therapy is postmodern and based on a social
constructionist viewpoint, like solution focused therapy.
 The theory originally developed outside of the United
States and is completely nonsystemic.
 The emphasis of therapy is on the present, as compared
with the historical emphasis of Bowen and psychoanalytic
approaches.
 The focus of the approach is on a collaborative effort of
families and therapists, like strategic and solution focused
family therapies.
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Comparison chart
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

How to deal with resistance from a family:
I. Understand the resistance. People often resist when they
experience being pushed into something they are unsure of
doing. therefore avoid pressuring or ultimatums.
II. Agree on what will be addressed in therapy. It is
recommended to come to an understanding and, most
important, agree on the areas to be addressed in family
therapy.
III. Determine the timeframe. It is helpful to discuss the
duration of therapy.
IV. Be empathic and emphasis on confidentiality
V. Talk about the importance, the use and possible
outcomes, create comfort.

“
”
The problem is the problem, the person is not the
problem
By Michael white and David epston
Thank you

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