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ลัทธิชาตินิยม(پDzԲ)

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Thongkum Virut
Thongkum Virut

จะเห็นได้ว่าลัทธิชาตินิยมที่พยายามจะลบล้างคำว่า “ลาว” ออกไป ได้แทรกอยู่บนหน้าหนังสือแบบเรียนดังจะยกมาบางตอน ดังนี้ หนังสือภูมิศาสตร์ประเทศสยาม “…ชาติลาว เดี๋ยวนี้เรียกว่า ละว้า หรือ ลวะ คือตอนลุ่มแม่น้ำเจ้าพระยาตลอดจนลุ่มแม่น้ำโขงตอนเหนือและตะวันออก เช่น มณฑลพายับ นครราชสีมา อุบล อุดร ร้อยเอ็ด…พวกละว้านี้มีเชื้อสายสืบมาจากพวกขอมโบราณเหมือนกัน ส่วนชนที่เราเรียกกันว่าลาวในบัดนี้ และมีอยู่ในมณฑลพายับ มหาราษฎร์ อุบล อุดร ตลอดจนฝั่งแม่น้ำโขงนั้น หาใช่ลาวเดิมคือพวกละว้าไม่ เป็นพวกไทยหรือเรียกว่าลาว-ไทย เป็นชนที่ได้บ่าลงมาอยู่ในตอนหลัง เป็นต้น

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ลัทธิชาตินิยม(پDzԲ)
qnr5nlcmerro~n'n&iQiiuu(Characteristic of Nationalism) 1 6161n'mn~iuua~6iii"aiiQuuWiuinuiu ~~n:Ciouii7~Cumn'uSgi41 "ai&"'~ation)aa:ig (State) 116adijlrrimlu R'nltru: ~ Q Ya~R'nhiGiitluflmuifno: v u .Y f l ~ 1 3 ~ l b l ~ J ~ n i i ~ o d i d n i i d7 ~~nirriwuiirSn'raiGiiuuiiCaa'nltwnir~iluffu7Qn uadnduaii~if~ d d ~ r n ~ 1 ~ o : i ? ~ n ~ ~ n i i d n 7 i u f i ~ " r ~~ ~ n : ~ l t i ~ ~ d ~ R ' n l t w ~ t i u df:t)iai?i n?iu~~u~u~il~~uriu7~lln:diuisua~aiin71u~u1tlua~61~7"Nation" J n a d~ud~iin%uauluC~nud~~~dniin~uauluC~nud~~~ud~:nin~nu~aaaiG~~u~n'u~~ ~niud~fin~iu7n'uri7s:ua~~nltwnii~aiG(Nation) fio:dr:nau~d6~tlIu~~1~ (Territory) %mnrl~(Culture) nilti (Language) dr:%qiamf (History) 613 7 ~~di$~i~iulu#~~riua~vi3iidr:nauld6~tldr=:ainrn~ul~~&dd8n~iu$nts$1; [j7ui7uIui4-~uTii~7 # n h ? h ~ 6 uiw$u i~~aaiidu7n'uQunnu~is7n'u ~flu6u61 4 ' o:ua~luR'nltm:nirC~~nm#?'ml$iluR'nltm:ua~aii~~u~~~tlinllrinirmr?o~au~wob~ .d d , t d lJ 7 ~ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ t l ~ n ~ i u ~ 6 a u a ~ d ' 1 : a i a u # d n ~ i u ~ ~ n u a ~ u i ~ u ~ n i u u ~ n ~ ~ n u ~ i n m f u i ~ r i i u ~ ~ u i i n i l t i ~ ~ n : : n i r i m 6 a ~ a ~ i r ~ i l u r ~ n l t m : # ua~n~iu~fluaiRu~:R'nkilQuuriniz~inmfC(dn7iu~da~$u~u~~Karl W. Deutsch d~uo~iinirhuidkui~u~~a:nira~idR'n~aii~tlu(Nationalism) ~fimoinnirdnir&o RIduR'nina~l!tl?& nir'Ramr#~d~:bn'rniwd~:nau~d~~unilti (Language), nir L!~U (Painting) ~ J ~ o u ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L o ~ ~ ~ Mu~n'uva~y~~j~~unnu.C J ~ U ua:mG R'nh~irou~unaiu~~itl#~dtl~~un'u~munir&iiC~n~iy~nG~n'u~~45 ' .Yu ~ ~ u u u i i ~ ~ u d a u ~ u n i ~ ~ m ~ n u id ~ ~ ~ u i ; ~ d ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ m u a ~ u ~ w 6 n ' u ? ~ a i i # ~ u i u J Y n ~ i u r 6 a ~ ~ ~ i ~ o : ~ ~ t l ~ ~ ~ n ' u n ~ i u ~ n n n t l a u r ' u n ~ i u ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ u a ~ a i i n wan~nai~~~uaioo:~fim~u~uR'n~ru:~rir~~~ud8naiimut8u~~ni odi~~~tlaudr~uniruuiudiuio~ B L Z ~ JU W ~ E T ~ I I ~ W Y ~ J ~ I ~ ~ Ulu#iLrio:dnira'til ll~~R'n13ru:uo~R'n'r~i~fiuu~uu~~uniluaJni.r&Jni?i (Nation building) ~u$nww# fiun<ililu formative nationalism ~ u f l ~ u i u ~ ~ ~ u ? u n i r ~ ( j i ~ ~ i ~ ~ m u ~ 6 wuluiuuuiu diuioaanld rt?dup.J~~uud~a~~u~.riaioo:~?onii ~ilu expansive nationlism ~nawfi?fi7luniruoioR'nkiAQouoanld ri~~oin$ninarue~~~~o~d~:niru'i~~u~~r~'~ lrio:~~lnm~,uiidrrainf~uai~n7~la:oi~~uijni~~7~ija~ii~R'n~~i~iitlu~61un7~dogiu ~n3oimiQnu(Colonialism) r~odclndlounu~o~ltlu^om:~?ui$wru:~n%ai~fiuu~u
clfa~~~d$nacutuaani~~nmli&n~~urnnqilwnaaiiinwd7u$ntviRf suuuuuiB (Nazi) ua~~oo~~u~~uni~ua1sd~u%~un~~~finmun~oud~:a1vu~udf:~ner8uud aditb~~iu$nww:ua~~lvlbai~~sudt~n~un'udr:~n~n~~~u~~uu~~~6o1o~:f ~ddsu~~dac$ninam:ld~ilu~~uu6ul6tdo~?aiu~:~oni~tddouuda~~dniodia~riu$nt u at; aii~suuatrsaru'u'Lu~181~3~wd20 ~~dmr~dumaoan~du"u~d~uu~duio~nan%n~~~ L: cl rr A ~ ~ u u u uformative LL~: L ~ ~ L I I I ? O ( ~ J L A U A U " O H ~ ~ ~ ~w.d 19 d~iilri~lnnlununon~iu U - u ~daubntni~ai?ntviRQsu(Nationalism) ~~arannonrqss8uu(Irnpenilism) da~fin t oinuwqlnnqiui;~hdua~ai~nuu~:dni~uwuuiun~nitniunni~,nindaa. ~w.raj5o~~a:iww~~u~d~d~:~n~~aau~~anii~$i u Y. a15 (Nation) htn'uhil ig (State) quunuiudc nd+aoni~ni.ndo~C( ~flu'ocn:va:duou~u~~ua~~u~~nuit~~udud.r:uungnuiu~iluuaanu~o~us:idiuiowo ~ds~Fio:dn~o~n?lu~u~1~BIu~oa~6<i~:~dw8n~~u?nian~a?j (State) ifA a ~ n d n ni~ngnuiu~ra:rnniio~Iuuw:daiiiaiii (Nation) dFnw.cutlu~%~J(nintn~ R I U T J ~ U (Psychocultural) d i h a i $ u ~ : ~ a i ~ 0 r u ~ n n ' u ~ 66a~aiGaio~:~:llii~virndigoio~~d s i l f l i i ~dalnfiniun"a2 d~:ni1$if7udoni( A ~ I ~ G W L L I ~ U ~ ~ U M ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ U L L ~ ~dsi-raaiGadim6Runii Qa71(Nation-state) &ULOJ ~ i i i i ~ a i R ~ u n a i u ~ u i ~ C ( ~ ~ n ' Y ad Jd oj~ua.lnno ainnudi~ioijt~f:nianif~6~~ ~do~flunjnhqdiiim?I (Nation) ttR:?j (State) 1:lldn~u&a~fin6u wiau7 rh ua:fiuonld6iio:l1~finb;riou-~k k o l i i at.duluqIndd~a~nq33w.#19 d a i ? i ~ f i ~ d ~ r i o u ~ ~ a t ~J L ~ ~ R L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ U ~ I U I I R ~ I U ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ : L ~ Q I A I ~ J ~ ' C U ~ I(developing, ,dU Y countries) d~u~nqu~~uuriou~~orijm?I~ o r i i ~ ~ r i u ~ n i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i j ~ ~ i ~ a a a i o o ~ tfluG-ai6i (Nation-state) uiriou u d ~ u ~ w d n ~ u d ~ : ~ n d u ~ ~ n u a i ~ n i ~ n u o ~ i i ~ U Y * State-nation (c61&?1) R J U L ~ U ~ U ni~~aui<n8%iAiiuu(Developmentof Nationalism) ~n%i~~ou~ilu~nwwcdu~uri~aQIn~3~w.d19 ~ r n ~ n d u w f a u ~ u n i ~ d f i ~ d k ~ ~ ~(The French Revotstion) ~~odn~ttdiuy~dfld~u~nw'un'ur'jai~ inruasru t~a:dni.nm~~aand~n~ia~~n$u~uu"u~'nacut&Bu~'nicutuoan37u aa?n n'nldoaiRn (Patriotism) ~~~~nnditoon'ltle7nn~1u~n~i]uaiRiiou(Nationalism) ~w.nr$n'ia~~iiuulxildi~uiuo^~n~~~~~'~~il PS 390 15
, riaudmo:~ni.rdifiJ~n~ni~ii~~u~u~~~~~m~nwd19 LLR: 20 ~7ifin71 ~ ~ w ~ N ~ ~ J ~ ~ Y ~ J ~ ? ~ u ~ ~ ' I I I ~ Q ~ u L # ~ ~ ~ ~ u riou~~ma:~airnr7fi~R'n%i~~~1u~una~flma'zfwd 19 LLA: 20 ~mfic1al I or~oi~rui~~durua~c1aiu~nni~iiuu~~driau e t r Y naiuo'f~naiu~n?nniR ~~umuua~uywuuu~nmtluuinauw~~~mu t ~awi:adi~d~ludlr~ndn~do~oinnini)a'nua:~d~~~~:c1~iu~o'f~~u~muu$~1/iI$' uun$aaanui L ~ UL W ~ LCIWLQU (Hellenes) ~ ~ a : ~ a i i m u ~ a ~ ~ o ' f ~ n i i r ( a n"fludi~fiou~ w+adkun+i Barbarians luru:~udc~nnn3nAuii~1aiuAm~iuan'unmu~ilu?~ni6 (City-state) ~ m u u o ~ i i ~ n n a ~ a ~ ~ : ~ d u ~ a t : L d a c i . ~ ~ ' ~ a ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ i i ' ~ : u u n i ' ~ ~ d a ~ uctuk:fi?w~i~6of6a~$ni'zi~uflan'u~ ~ d a i i ~ ~ ~ f i m i u ~ u d a ~ u ' n i ' z i ~ u n ' w ~ ~ u n i lsiuinu'n ~UuR'nunr=claiu~doua~c1uhuu'auC~Jllidni~rr~a~aanIuR'nwwni~~ ~ f i ~ t u h ? n u n i a ~ o ~ m r l ~d i 6 i ~ ~ ~ : u i ~ ~ c h ~ r i i z ui?ld~ilunaiuAtil~a~nun"~wutilIun'f n ~uqn~uclu~~uitki)R'nawclaiu~~a~~uuslmnsliiuull (Universalism) 4~ h~aonldoinuuaAmni3(isu(Nationalism) niaii~t~n~ri%a~n?n~~~::~'Z~uu"u~~~$u ~ ~ n a i u ~ f l u ~ u w d ~ h ~ ~uan'uva3ut)wlJ'n78 ~tilu~~uun~nu"u~~uni'z'zau6u~mtlfi?'61~ dl:IJn'Clo:a~i JalruI~nl(Empire) hutlaJ l l ~ A ' n :lniversalisin Lfim#uoin HIRUI" (Church) 6~~fldL0~~6nn1liuui~Uu~A'nwni11a~c1aiua^?ln r J a 1 ~ U . ~ ? J R R ? X W ~16 LLRr 17 L U U ~ ~ J C ( L ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W R ' J L ~ ' ~ U ~ S JL ~ u &nqu ~ k ~ n ncn~dqj ttadofy~n. ~ u d ? ~ ~ m ~ R ' n a w n i ~ i i o u t ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' u ~ ~ ijiuiaijo$uflani7m5d dauiIu$-a~maun~i~~~qnd18 R'n~aiR~uuAurioni#u~mu I i)ndu~~ihfluuuauni'zu Romantic movement ~ d u?flh 4 ~ ~ 6 3J~~uqfitilnilo~iqun'u aa~uywlJ'ni3u~:naiu~~u~~nuIud~m Romanticism ~ ~ l u ~ ~ u a ~ m l w s i d d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ f i t i l ~ ~ u J v r b y m ~ d ~~ u ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L u u ~ J ~ ~ H ~ v o ~ ~ u ~ ~ u~ ~ a f i m X [ ~ u : l j ~ ~ ~ o n u i o i n ~ n ~ n u i n u i u I u ~ a d16 - 17 IuqIn~~duluojnqlriifi Herder; schi~~er,LLR: Goethe # J L U ~ % I ? L & , I ~ ~ ~~.?u~nAin~n~k~~~fiiiRousseau LLR: Mme. de Steel fi .q:~fi~oR'n6si~~uuL~unilLLItil~aon?1a~nuRomanticism ~1qr1hdir0uyn n n h ~ q j ~ u u u a u n i . r ~ f i ~ n a inuuaaiDIQuulaud naiufim~iu~ti~doJB- m8 (Nation-State) 1~l~I3ic1qi~~dudi3~~onnuo=:ldflc1aiu I ,hKqa:hrpu ~ ~ d m n ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ a u ~ n ' ~ ~ ~ u n ~ u f i ~ ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~nuqiin 16 PS 390
nirrqupau, niri~omuirudj~u(common will), nisdfionrruiqu (collective participation) ~~n:diuioo^ad~n~J~~n(Popular sovereignty) riuiiiiunuinhKqlu d ? ~ ~ n i f~ ~ ~ ~ u a ~ ~ ~ n i r d u y w d ~ ~ u ~ ~ m ~ ~ s u&~unis~uiuii~un"u~a~uywlJ'~1:~ilu uu7ni~mi~~~Ru?!Cini7 Dnfnun~otGndilrq7~ 4 uHegel ~IEn5w~daKn51iAQ~u~LLU-JASI Y DJ Hegel $u~:i~~~iludr?u~a~081~~11f3~'du1u~",s~u~i~d~n~saii7uIuIsnd dr:% r u m ~ i n n fuywuaimnnoniJ R ~ I J ~n+?ui$~iluciryR'nw.d~a~ws:~iiL ~ ~ ~ R C ~ L U W ~ ~ R (universal spirit) ~ilunirr~uI u n q i u f i ~ ~ ~ ~Hegel i i t i a j i ~ , s(The state) ~9u.i unuuociuuiw ~iMnd~gumnn~uhndt l r : ~ ~ i n m i u y w u a i ~ ~ i l u ~ r : G ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ a ~ wr:~$i ~~uni.n~uuo~wr:~$iuuInnuywu'dnin~uofusrsu?jo:~Bu6q~nwd~o~ws: ~didro:r~u^onmnnC(~~n'o?~~~unifr3~~~wnrfuLL~:?~LCII?~?~<UB ~ C u i i i ~ ~ i l u e ~ 6 3 3 ~ Y ~ ~ ~ ~ h ~7 ~ U ~ ~ L G ~ R R : M R ~ ~ : ~ U ' ~ U ' P ~ ~ U ~ ~ L U ' ~ T ~ ~ U ~ " U 4 n'nSa7Qiitluerz?'wsnnlu~m~sswl19 ~'nira~l~eun:iunn~find~~u~~ud$?"rnbjf~~~~*. n i s d $ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ n i u ~ nrmuoiaKnwru:f~~5u~o~i~ai~rr'wui$qnuo~ninia~uuuu~~auKu~iluia~iimua~au t: aunnid 6~fiuifimuinni~nir~d~).~uin~uunurnua~?jai~f!~~ui~"nfmaouda r r l - , ds:siauiiuin$'u ~~fliWfimn~iu~no~inn'n~~a~~uluninnumai~~~ar~irurnuy Ya~nirii~~aul~~a~n~r?ufnaouuo~~~dadrtniauLLR:MCI$Y~ ~ds:ai~udddai~ t u 7 n i r d f i ~ c l k ~ ~ ~ l d ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ d ~ i r ' ~ I h ~ ~ ~ n : K n w ~ : t d u ~ i l uI niry~i~diuiod%d~nu?1o ~ f j(Sovereignty) n i r d ~ n i ~ h P u y w ~ a uiIR.R.1789 16 h ~ j i"diuioo%d~nu~~u~o~~n'~1~1sifl~r~u1m~u~d~o~~ilu~$i~~ J L L ~ : ~ ~ ~ R T O J L L ~ ~ du?kih o i n n i ~ d f i ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f l i ~ r ~ ~ ~ i i73 - sic (Nation-state) I6~%iuii-~u~ilu~Yu ~d~~~~~Ciu?n~~~iluR'nl~.nr=d~~aioo~~on~i~iluState-nation 16 t nirdfiii~ ~ J L R R L O U ~ I P ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~or:nii~u?nnunJ M U R ~odJiuwr:um u r t nmra~rn:n~urrqnyuui~-ws:dr:slrulinqiu~Auii?jj~Ou'uo~~~iB~ijnisEunio~Qn3 L R W ~ U AJ~WU~JLLR:~~I~~~~?W& € I J Y I ? ~ w ~ : I ~ A ~ ~ ~ "~ l f ~ 7 ~ ~ f i 7 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ d ~ : n ~ ~ i f f l i ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ' n ~ w n ~ u i l ~ ~ i n u ~ i 6 ~ u u(Nationalist intellectuals) ~ ~ L Q W I : r u d ot!lJdtulf~Bules Michelet d ~ d s m n ~ ~ i u n i ~"dO?~Lwadrmaud+~LRnnMichelet ~ ~ ~ i u n i r d ~ j % d ~ ~ ~ ~ n i i ~ ~ ~ n i r ~ ' r ~ 6 ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ i u ~ o 3 ~ 6 i ~ ~ u ' i ~ o ~ u y
~ilunis~inis~nuuo~~1'I~uid3:~nflfluni~nis~a~n i f i o i i u p 6 ~ U u ~ ~ i i d ~ ~ s : ~ i l u l Cl* wk~iuds:%~imfua:wn~iuua~uyvuainnnonisdfi% R ' n w r u : n i ? ~ d u o t n i s d f i ~ i d f d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n i s ~ i ~ a i ~ i ~ i u i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ch&qluniss?uaiG ~ d ~ i ~ d $ n i s ~ s : u u n i s i ~ ~ u ~ ~ 1 1 u d s : 0 u ~ n ~ i d ~ ~ u ~ u ~ d d ~ u nic ki2~iuil%fi~n'uZ1nisnti~~naru:Cygnwdi~uCu~ d u~niswa~.sii,~ w n ~ a i i (NationalAnthems) ~~s:%niti (National Holidays) L!h46%4 nis~ftulsluo~$n%aiftGrruu'Yiiil~~iuCuWYU8nYynisi~ia~~1~iu~m LLUU~T:~I%~~~OLLUUQ~:?UUO~~dl41 "lE6Jll~JlflmTnlW LLfltn3lXILRUElfIlR" l h ~ f l wnad~ioinnisd#%d$d~~~~au#unsi~~nisfionia~1n51unis~ u " i d d 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ n i ~ dnnsatfin%lunis!fiunu rsr ~ d i i d1 m d i ~ ~ i ~ d $ ~ i u ~ f l u . s i ~ ~ ~ ~ d s ~ n i s n d d ~ nis~flwqmnnnsru(Industrialization) ~ ~ s r n l s ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 a u u n s(Urbanization) Bnds:nis M ~ Jninfluqmmnnnu~~s:ni3~fimR'~nuuns~ilwm~n?~d~fi~au&Inddd~uiuii t: diuioluni~nis~iio~u o n o i n u u n ~ i u ~ o ~ y < i ~ ~ ~ i n i ~ n i ~ i m i a ~ a ~ ~ninuft~ mnomounishsfaii~dsr~n~,.rruufiwnn d ~ i i ~7 ~ n h d u ' u i i ~ ~ w ~ i ~ i ~ d h ~ ~ d ~ b k f i ~ ~ ? ~us:knuwt~'u~~ddu R'nvru:nisfln$un'u t~u3l?tuundaii, nisidiuiolunisGmfiuvminnu vo~nuluaii m~on~udiwioo~~m~~~uuadd3daucilliir~uri.rudsnoud~niydvSi ~Ctfin~'n~~iiilrru~.~'u~nidu~~umqiuftmdiii ~ a i ~ i ~ i u i o I u n i s ~ n ~ s ~ n n s o ~ ~ u r # ~fionfdnnso~fli~Cs:uunvnstl, ~in:s:uu~wionisgnKu~ijnld n1.ndfiu3d$~~~~$~& i i r ~ u ~ m ? ~ n n : ~ ~ k 7 ~ ~ 1 u n i ~ ~ o : : r 0 i u i ~ o i ~ r u i ~ : u u a 1 ~ ~ u n ~ b ih i d 7 ~ n h d f i l ~ d ~ J l l ? ~ ~ ~ d n l ~ ~ L ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ d 6 3 ~ n l 3 ~ ~ l ~ ~ lnisdtC~nis ~ 6 i u i ~ n i ~ ~ R s ~ ~ ~ o m ~ ~ m o u n l ~ ~ i d ~ l ~~ f l ~ R ' n l u m t h ~ i ~ d & L ~ ~ ~ n i d ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ t l x' ~pu'uwm~sr~d20 oioui n i u l 6 n i s J i u o ~ b ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ o(Robespierre) as: Marat $n%aiiJuuuod d~d~~ahuinisrionioditrsiu<adu ~ n i s f i i d i u i o n i ~ n n i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ o ~ u n ~ s ~ TnB Iuil 1798 ~~uilnirmru~nnisd~~ilu~:~~:~~~~5 i~ r i u i ~ ~ u q f i ~ d i illoi?nfii~ voosin" t ~ u d s o u i ~nirudvuiuhuious:ni.r~~idna~n'w~6~nisnsr~u~u1f~ddu1n n i u w & n i n l ~ ? 3 l d h ~ ~ ~R'n^ssitiGuul6~flu~~~wfns1uadi~ni~~u~i~ h ~ q h d~dulu~mi'l.~uosi'u,mdu, ilrdu 7 n a i l ~ $ u ~ u f i n ~ i u ~ i l ~ ~ ~ ioinnis t~ f i ~ ~ i ~ j n i d n n i s u o dJ~LFIW.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n i s d u ~ i ~ ~ ~ n i ~ n i i ~ w n ' ~ ~ i w u a ~7 lu kt ..
u Y ~~alKni~~~uinir~nwiua~s~~nbiGQuulunr?'umn~duanuu~3in73l6 riiuui~~i~miKnw~KnhiiGuuuo~atu3ni~~uni~Si~Knimrnir~~uur~uuouor r1i~d~nisnii~~~~a~inu~u3rursia~i~cjiu~flum3:~~~n~?li7"(White man's burden) 114 stuesioui nu?n~iu~in~li8n'awauinirUrud~~~n~33~.~20 Inoiarn:lun3La~ A d u ~ ~ n ~ i u i i m ~ 7 u u ' ~ i i ~ 8 u ~ ~ o d i ~ n d &3ain^iiuulun~?~o~u3ni 6nbiW~uuliuiiiivnllinluaru3niIn u~~wir'lud~~~m733wd20 C u u r n'nhiiQuu~~~n~iu~uw'unn~nnnni~ni31~a~durdu FasCism LLR: Nazism ria:! ni3l$n7iu~uii.rtua~~~'aaiGPuulud~rin~6au~w~i~fluaLii~~in ~ L M I ~ I J R ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ : ~ L R ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ' I Ivdrm mui.rnorWiPIuignmK~7 u~~Knhi6Gsu~umu~ni~ia:Jiui~ilu~iu~~nluni~i~n~irVi % ?ni f u n ~ ih ~ q 6 ~ i o ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ r i n i f r ] ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n " u(The American Revolution) iguK7 iinn:~ilunnui3uoi~ni~d(iRa~uinifil4riluKnwwni~d~~~n'i'111WP1uttdrUu nin~uniiAauad.rrIu'11u'i7ul u n i . r ~ ~ i ~ n ~ i u i i l u ~ ~ ~ f = : o i n n i ~ ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u a ~ o j n q w ,n1.r uouiu~qqiiilu~n"ungarsuai~(natural law) t%-hiu~~u?Ji~ (natural rights) nqa~ua~ni.rd~%i~ V S ~ I J7 ~ ~ d i ~ r ~ ~ d 0 l ~ u ~ u 1 1 1 ~ ~ 3 d ~ % a ~ ~ ~ n ' u ~ ~ m u ' lunaudaiu~~?nv618 ? ~ ~ n i u a ~ k n q d 6 a a n n ~ ~ u i u ~ ~ u u i n 3 1q -A luni~n~u?uiri3mwni~~~3~.,~iio10~d~:~n~1aimiGnuInu~awi:u'oriryqninu7Cy ainsrr~nud(Stamp Act) ~ ~ i ~ u i i ~ d ~ ~ u n i i ~ n n l ~ ~ u " i d ~ : ~ n f l ~ ~ n ~ wiiad3:~rin3~n d3 m m ~ ~ ~ ~ n i s n u n i d a $ i i u ~ ~ u i a i 7 " ~ n q ~ ur d a f l n i . r d & ~ i u ? ~ u i n ~ ~ n ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n a ~ n ~ i s i ~ i u i n ~ u ~ u I u r i a ~ u o ~ < ur i ? ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' ~ g l ~ ~ d 3 ~ ' 1 1 l n 3 0 ~ ~ f n i f l ~ 7 i ~ ~ n i sauh'a u~rrini~r5un~a~imirlun13dnn30~nu~b~~~a:o:~~iuin~u?uni~~iiuniB~a~ ~ n u n i ~ d u a ~ i h u d ~ ~ ~ ~ f i n ~ u o i n ~ v ~ u a n j n d i ~ u i ~ 6 u o i t r ~ u n i ~ r A v a Y $ u - a r ni.~.raufi~~usinnunof~uusi?n~:~uua~qmuni3dd3raiauni~n~~nnaY n i ~ d ~ : n i ~ Zmniyw (The Declaration of Independence) riluni~~irrumiuGnua~Bohn Locke
n i r d a l u i n i r h i ~ u ~ u n d R r i u ~ a n ~ s " ~ ~1 ii~fiannniipnnr:#$nudi Quuuo~nualuih li~u~~~6~~oiioluinililuai~d~Jb~~~a:s:CoioJ~nwil~d~n?lu yblmrukarR2iugn~~~'II~~~?h&6 Woodraw Wilson lG~nondi2l5ii"~dlo?nwil-!i $~r:uulh:aitd~uuo~ai~Ian~~~ u ~ i u n i u a ~ d r r a i u i b uWilson ~u~Awiialu3rYu 3 ~ i l u a i i d t ~ I ~ d&~uo~uini~vii~ur:~~u~?nw1~~6~rru~l6.an~~Wilson Rnii ~ ~ u i n a i ~ s : ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ n u u o ~ ~ o i ~ u ~ a n ~ d l ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ a l L d 0 ~ 7 ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ 1 ~ a iW Q u u d : n u d n . ~ .1930 ~ i l u 3 $ ~ 1 ~ r w ; ~ o a ~ u i n i ~ n ~ infi:dlo~~ilu R ~ M ~ Z K ~winiri~~~~un$i2oon1do~1nn~$o~1uynd~ilu$nwm:dbani? isolationism dauim lo 3 nirfiini~8u~J~1anuoro~uini~n~n'anunuinar~~aro~uini~;iuu-1~~n' Qq~i~~rw;fis-knumuluaiimu u d a i n m ~ ~ u o ~ n i r w i u ~ ~ w ' u o ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~R.R. 1940 ~ 1 1 ~ ~ l ~ 1 ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ? ~ n ~ ~ d ~ ~ d l ~ ~ : ~ ; i ~ ~ l n " l ~@TfElll"El7:llll ~ i d nnarsinnirn$uuiiiunuin~~u~ii~anu"~a~~i1~~o~ilu~~i71~7~ u~uuiudi~drr~n~n~uin'u~u~o~Y'u~risr~nii~unuinhuu"uo~o~u'in'uda~d~un'iu X '1IOJUY1U s ~ ~ % I ~ G ~ u ~ ~ ? ' H o ~ ~ ' ~ H H Q I ~ T T Y ~20 . ' n i a i ~ f~ul~d2dRn253~d20 ~ h q u u i $ J r : ~ n n h ~7 niruountiu Don "$n%91?1QoulMa?' (The New ~ationalkm) ~ ~ ~ $ i u i d ~ n ~ i n ~ ~ ~ u n ~ u d ~ : ~ moana$uaimif nu ~ n u i l ~ n ~ m ~ ~ u n i r d a 6 1 ~ r t ~ n ~ a r ? ' u n nnisdaniuo:~8udoc U -a. n i ~ r r w u ~ i u ~ n a s n s ~ ~ r 6 ~ ~ ~ m t i u ~ n~ ~ ~ t n ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ 7 d n n ~ o ~ ~ r : ~ n ~ o i m i RlNFIf 6 i 2 ~ n t . a i lQ uulunquds:~n~airuiQnulflullslngnirmn ~nnuulaa a ~ r u ~ i ~ u a d d ~ : ~ ~ i ~ a f n ~ ~ n n d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ n ~ ~ ~ ' i ~ o i m i ~ n ~ ~nirrioku+?n oimifinuiiuiuiuwo~un?suoid~iru16<afi1ud2d~n"~~~firiuInnn5"~62
LOU 3 Lrill~g1970 i ~ ~ d r : ~ ~ ~ ~ R ' n u a d ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ? i ~ u u u a ~ d r : ~ n n a i ~ ~ i ~ n ~ ~ ~ a n6mnirnw ?uua~dr:ana'n1?rr6Guu uc3:~Yi~ig-niR (nation-state) IKi;iut~rinCiuun'~r'~ d au7 ~u$nwru:dR'nn)ni6!lGu1luataimilrou~$n~1~:d~~nnciii~~1innrfini~Guu~u~Cu ~ n ? r r d19 lulhnnfiqlsd k d Lord Hailey lGyd?ii '~u?unirniliruuaifii Y ~~nndi~oinuu~unirni6!lQuulua:7'u~nn j ~ u ~ ~ n ~ r b u n u u ~ u n i ~ n i ? i ~ u u ~ ~ u u u i ~ 4 u J "a7fin'ucuu" (Africanism) mdn James Coleman m"nii?~-irdun'uiindidlr6miu ~'nwwniruin~~n~uua~$n5ni~li~uu1uaifini~u~ l r ? ~ ~ d a u i i ~ : ~ i l u ~ d ~ d ~ a u ~ u ' i f i n u J d CLI l d~4u~~~~~:d~~u~Iuun~nai~ai~n'uill~nwudlri~~~adnr~~~~LL~~:IT~~JR~IIJ 5 aanuilu~dnnui~ni~d~~%nimfua~ni~~ii~ni~n"~luqI~d~~~:lu~ifini~~ ~ r i a i o o : ~ d ~ ' n w n c n ~ ~ ~ u u n " ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ u u~aundq~.rdnriunnt~aruadn~u d.r:~nndnna~luoimi~~~ulG~ilu2 LLYU n~?iQuu~u~~~~n:iuaandR'nwf~:ua~nir"a t riiu<nrar.r6~t~um:iwnn aa:~~nvwuadnirda~iu~~n::ni~d~%~~a:~iaun~d~1:aonui luR'nwnr:ua~nirR3i~n~ia~u~~r~ A w n i ~ ~ a ~ i u u ~ : u ~ ~ u n ~ ~ d ~ ~ n u a ~ n ~ u d r : ~ n ~ d ~ n u n n a ~ ~ u a i n r i G n gnanr:~a~niru1~n~~anni~8olinui~~n~iu<~u'a~~ooianimndnirrian~iu~uus~~ri ~ ~ u ~ u d ~ ) r ~ i lU ~ I ~ A ~ ~ J ~ ~ I U L O U ~ ~ M ~ J E T U L ~u ? n ' u u a d n u ~ ~ ~ ~ u dda6iudiwoua~ didn'i?~riilfuk i ~ u n i n ~ t u r t i i ~ n i l 6 n G ~ uFrantr Fanon rinimjnu i & n ~d~kbfi ni1lnwcinanr:ni~nrndua~~r:~nfi<n~~rr6~uu~a~r:~nfiainri~nuluai~ni~~~1M' - - r l duniadi~ludr:~nnaas~ r u~ ~ n i r n a ~ u a d n i ? ~ ~ f ~ ~ R ~ d a n i ~ w " u ~ ~ a ~~flu~nwm11a~ JA- n i s n ~ u n n m i i u ~ u ~ ~ n ~ d ~ w ' u f ~ d ~ ~ f l u ~ ~ d a u ~ m ~Fanon ndi2ii ucin'aairu~QnlnFlu
Y O J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W I U , W Q J " ~ ~ U L ~ U ' F I ~(nation) 1aulunqudc~nn~~ci~dd7i7'117~d
Ma7tlfrih Ldu (1) 147 (tribe), (2) ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ s l n 7 f ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ' ~ 0 d ~ l ~ ~ l ~(The colonial administrative boundaries) ~ 4 %%7til~%%1,n i ~ iYRY (3) h u du ~lfinisl:?~ aan, aifinia:ium, aifininaw. (4) li?ud~ilw Continent ~ d uwqn Pan- Africanisrn ua: (5) ~Baq~ti(the race) %6i~'~atd?uint7 d n c i i ~ u i d ~ ~ u ~ a ~ t t I < ~ Iunv4nw7~ n i n r n ~ i i t l ~ I u ~ ~ r ~ n ~ A ~ ~ o ~ n a ~ I u a i ~ i ~ ~ u I ~ ~~~wiraiv~rn7
1 Karl W. Deutsch, "The Growth of Nations: some Recurrent Patterns of Political and Social Integration, " World Polltlcs, V, No.2 (Jan, 1959), 168-195; "Nation and World," in Contemporary Polltlcal Sclence: Towad Empirlcel Theory, Ed. by lthiel de Sola Pool, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967. 2 ' l f l J ~ l J ,p.10. 3 Ray Baker, Woodraw Wllson and World Settlement, 3 Vols. (New York: Doubleday, p. 1923) 4 Lord Hailey, An Afrlcan Survey Revised 1956 (London and New York : Oxford University Press, 1957), pp. 251 ff 5 James Coleman, Nigeria in Thomas Hodgkin, Natlonallsm In col~nlalAfrlca (New York: New York UniversityPress, 1957) pp. 16-17. 6 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York :Grove Press, 1968), pp. 61, 86, 94. 7 f James Coleman. "Nigeria' IUThomas Hodgkin, Natlonallsm In Colonlal Africa (New York: New York University Press, 1957) p. 45.

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ลัทธิชาตินิยม(پDzԲ)

  • 2. qnr5nlcmerro~n'n&iQiiuu(Characteristic of Nationalism) 1 6161n'mn~iuua~6iii"aiiQuuWiuinuiu ~~n:Ciouii7~Cumn'uSgi41 "ai&"'~ation)aa:ig (State) 116adijlrrimlu R'nltru: ~ Q Ya~R'nhiGiitluflmuifno: v u .Y f l ~ 1 3 ~ l b l ~ J ~ n i i ~ o d i d n i i d7 ~~nirriwuiirSn'raiGiiuuiiCaa'nltwnir~iluffu7Qn uadnduaii~if~ d d ~ r n ~ 1 ~ o : i ? ~ n ~ ~ n i i d n 7 i u f i ~ " r ~~ ~ n : ~ l t i ~ ~ d ~ R ' n l t w ~ t i u df:t)iai?i n?iu~~u~u~il~~uriu7~lln:diuisua~aiin71u~u1tlua~61~7"Nation" J n a d~ud~iin%uauluC~nud~~~dniin~uauluC~nud~~~ud~:nin~nu~aaaiG~~u~n'u~~ ~niud~fin~iu7n'uri7s:ua~~nltwnii~aiG(Nation) fio:dr:nau~d6~tlIu~~1~ (Territory) %mnrl~(Culture) nilti (Language) dr:%qiamf (History) 613 7 ~~di$~i~iulu#~~riua~vi3iidr:nauld6~tldr=:ainrn~ul~~&dd8n~iu$nts$1; [j7ui7uIui4-~uTii~7 # n h ? h ~ 6 uiw$u i~~aaiidu7n'uQunnu~is7n'u ~flu6u61 4 ' o:ua~luR'nltm:nirC~~nm#?'ml$iluR'nltm:ua~aii~~u~~~tlinllrinirmr?o~au~wob~ .d d , t d lJ 7 ~ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ t l ~ n ~ i u ~ 6 a u a ~ d ' 1 : a i a u # d n ~ i u ~ ~ n u a ~ u i ~ u ~ n i u u ~ n ~ ~ n u ~ i n m f u i ~ r i i u ~ ~ u i i n i l t i ~ ~ n : : n i r i m 6 a ~ a ~ i r ~ i l u r ~ n l t m : # ua~n~iu~fluaiRu~:R'nkilQuuriniz~inmfC(dn7iu~da~$u~u~~Karl W. Deutsch d~uo~iinirhuidkui~u~~a:nira~idR'n~aii~tlu(Nationalism) ~fimoinnirdnir&o RIduR'nina~l!tl?& nir'Ramr#~d~:bn'rniwd~:nau~d~~unilti (Language), nir L!~U (Painting) ~ J ~ o u ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L o ~ ~ ~ Mu~n'uva~y~~j~~unnu.C J ~ U ua:mG R'nh~irou~unaiu~~itl#~dtl~~un'u~munir&iiC~n~iy~nG~n'u~~45 ' .Yu ~ ~ u u u i i ~ ~ u d a u ~ u n i ~ ~ m ~ n u id ~ ~ ~ u i ; ~ d ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ m u a ~ u ~ w 6 n ' u ? ~ a i i # ~ u i u J Y n ~ i u r 6 a ~ ~ ~ i ~ o : ~ ~ t l ~ ~ ~ n ' u n ~ i u ~ n n n t l a u r ' u n ~ i u ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ u a ~ a i i n wan~nai~~~uaioo:~fim~u~uR'n~ru:~rir~~~ud8naiimut8u~~ni odi~~~tlaudr~uniruuiudiuio~ B L Z ~ JU W ~ E T ~ I I ~ W Y ~ J ~ I ~ ~ Ulu#iLrio:dnira'til ll~~R'n13ru:uo~R'n'r~i~fiuu~uu~~uniluaJni.r&Jni?i (Nation building) ~u$nww# fiun<ililu formative nationalism ~ u f l ~ u i u ~ ~ ~ u ? u n i r ~ ( j i ~ ~ i ~ ~ m u ~ 6 wuluiuuuiu diuioaanld rt?dup.J~~uud~a~~u~.riaioo:~?onii ~ilu expansive nationlism ~nawfi?fi7luniruoioR'nkiAQouoanld ri~~oin$ninarue~~~~o~d~:niru'i~~u~~r~'~ lrio:~~lnm~,uiidrrainf~uai~n7~la:oi~~uijni~~7~ija~ii~R'n~~i~iitlu~61un7~dogiu ~n3oimiQnu(Colonialism) r~odclndlounu~o~ltlu^om:~?ui$wru:~n%ai~fiuu~u
  • 3. clfa~~~d$nacutuaani~~nmli&n~~urnnqilwnaaiiinwd7u$ntviRf suuuuuiB (Nazi) ua~~oo~~u~~uni~ua1sd~u%~un~~~finmun~oud~:a1vu~udf:~ner8uud aditb~~iu$nww:ua~~lvlbai~~sudt~n~un'udr:~n~n~~~u~~uu~~~6o1o~:f ~ddsu~~dac$ninam:ld~ilu~~uu6ul6tdo~?aiu~:~oni~tddouuda~~dniodia~riu$nt u at; aii~suuatrsaru'u'Lu~181~3~wd20 ~~dmr~dumaoan~du"u~d~uu~duio~nan%n~~~ L: cl rr A ~ ~ u u u uformative LL~: L ~ ~ L I I I ? O ( ~ J L A U A U " O H ~ ~ ~ ~w.d 19 d~iilri~lnnlununon~iu U - u ~daubntni~ai?ntviRQsu(Nationalism) ~~arannonrqss8uu(Irnpenilism) da~fin t oinuwqlnnqiui;~hdua~ai~nuu~:dni~uwuuiun~nitniunni~,nindaa. ~w.raj5o~~a:iww~~u~d~d~:~n~~aau~~anii~$i u Y. a15 (Nation) htn'uhil ig (State) quunuiudc nd+aoni~ni.ndo~C( ~flu'ocn:va:duou~u~~ua~~u~~nuit~~udud.r:uungnuiu~iluuaanu~o~us:idiuiowo ~ds~Fio:dn~o~n?lu~u~1~BIu~oa~6<i~:~dw8n~~u?nian~a?j (State) ifA a ~ n d n ni~ngnuiu~ra:rnniio~Iuuw:daiiiaiii (Nation) dFnw.cutlu~%~J(nintn~ R I U T J ~ U (Psychocultural) d i h a i $ u ~ : ~ a i ~ 0 r u ~ n n ' u ~ 66a~aiGaio~:~:llii~virndigoio~~d s i l f l i i ~dalnfiniun"a2 d~:ni1$if7udoni( A ~ I ~ G W L L I ~ U ~ ~ U M ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ U L L ~ ~dsi-raaiGadim6Runii Qa71(Nation-state) &ULOJ ~ i i i i ~ a i R ~ u n a i u ~ u i ~ C ( ~ ~ n ' Y ad Jd oj~ua.lnno ainnudi~ioijt~f:nianif~6~~ ~do~flunjnhqdiiim?I (Nation) ttR:?j (State) 1:lldn~u&a~fin6u wiau7 rh ua:fiuonld6iio:l1~finb;riou-~k k o l i i at.duluqIndd~a~nq33w.#19 d a i ? i ~ f i ~ d ~ r i o u ~ ~ a t ~J L ~ ~ R L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ U ~ I U I I R ~ I U ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ : L ~ Q I A I ~ J ~ ' C U ~ I(developing, ,dU Y countries) d~u~nqu~~uuriou~~orijm?I~ o r i i ~ ~ r i u ~ n i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i j ~ ~ i ~ a a a i o o ~ tfluG-ai6i (Nation-state) uiriou u d ~ u ~ w d n ~ u d ~ : ~ n d u ~ ~ n u a i ~ n i ~ n u o ~ i i ~ U Y * State-nation (c61&?1) R J U L ~ U ~ U ni~~aui<n8%iAiiuu(Developmentof Nationalism) ~n%i~~ou~ilu~nwwcdu~uri~aQIn~3~w.d19 ~ r n ~ n d u w f a u ~ u n i ~ d f i ~ d k ~ ~ ~(The French Revotstion) ~~odn~ttdiuy~dfld~u~nw'un'ur'jai~ inruasru t~a:dni.nm~~aand~n~ia~~n$u~uu"u~'nacut&Bu~'nicutuoan37u aa?n n'nldoaiRn (Patriotism) ~~~~nnditoon'ltle7nn~1u~n~i]uaiRiiou(Nationalism) ~w.nr$n'ia~~iiuulxildi~uiuo^~n~~~~~'~~il PS 390 15
  • 4. , riaudmo:~ni.rdifiJ~n~ni~ii~~u~u~~~~~m~nwd19 LLR: 20 ~7ifin71 ~ ~ w ~ N ~ ~ J ~ ~ Y ~ J ~ ? ~ u ~ ~ ' I I I ~ Q ~ u L # ~ ~ ~ ~ u riou~~ma:~airnr7fi~R'n%i~~~1u~una~flma'zfwd 19 LLA: 20 ~mfic1al I or~oi~rui~~durua~c1aiu~nni~iiuu~~driau e t r Y naiuo'f~naiu~n?nniR ~~umuua~uywuuu~nmtluuinauw~~~mu t ~awi:adi~d~ludlr~ndn~do~oinnini)a'nua:~d~~~~:c1~iu~o'f~~u~muu$~1/iI$' uun$aaanui L ~ UL W ~ LCIWLQU (Hellenes) ~ ~ a : ~ a i i m u ~ a ~ ~ o ' f ~ n i i r ( a n"fludi~fiou~ w+adkun+i Barbarians luru:~udc~nnn3nAuii~1aiuAm~iuan'unmu~ilu?~ni6 (City-state) ~ m u u o ~ i i ~ n n a ~ a ~ ~ : ~ d u ~ a t : L d a c i . ~ ~ ' ~ a ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ i i ' ~ : u u n i ' ~ ~ d a ~ uctuk:fi?w~i~6of6a~$ni'zi~uflan'u~ ~ d a i i ~ ~ ~ f i m i u ~ u d a ~ u ' n i ' z i ~ u n ' w ~ ~ u n i lsiuinu'n ~UuR'nunr=claiu~doua~c1uhuu'auC~Jllidni~rr~a~aanIuR'nwwni~~ ~ f i ~ t u h ? n u n i a ~ o ~ m r l ~d i 6 i ~ ~ ~ : u i ~ ~ c h ~ r i i z ui?ld~ilunaiuAtil~a~nun"~wutilIun'f n ~uqn~uclu~~uitki)R'nawclaiu~~a~~uuslmnsliiuull (Universalism) 4~ h~aonldoinuuaAmni3(isu(Nationalism) niaii~t~n~ri%a~n?n~~~::~'Z~uu"u~~~$u ~ ~ n a i u ~ f l u ~ u w d ~ h ~ ~uan'uva3ut)wlJ'n78 ~tilu~~uun~nu"u~~uni'z'zau6u~mtlfi?'61~ dl:IJn'Clo:a~i JalruI~nl(Empire) hutlaJ l l ~ A ' n :lniversalisin Lfim#uoin HIRUI" (Church) 6~~fldL0~~6nn1liuui~Uu~A'nwni11a~c1aiua^?ln r J a 1 ~ U . ~ ? J R R ? X W ~16 LLRr 17 L U U ~ ~ J C ( L ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W R ' J L ~ ' ~ U ~ S JL ~ u &nqu ~ k ~ n ncn~dqj ttadofy~n. ~ u d ? ~ ~ m ~ R ' n a w n i ~ i i o u t ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' u ~ ~ ijiuiaijo$uflani7m5d dauiIu$-a~maun~i~~~qnd18 R'n~aiR~uuAurioni#u~mu I i)ndu~~ihfluuuauni'zu Romantic movement ~ d u?flh 4 ~ ~ 6 3J~~uqfitilnilo~iqun'u aa~uywlJ'ni3u~:naiu~~u~~nuIud~m Romanticism ~ ~ l u ~ ~ u a ~ m l w s i d d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ f i t i l ~ ~ u J v r b y m ~ d ~~ u ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L u u ~ J ~ ~ H ~ v o ~ ~ u ~ ~ u~ ~ a f i m X [ ~ u : l j ~ ~ ~ o n u i o i n ~ n ~ n u i n u i u I u ~ a d16 - 17 IuqIn~~duluojnqlriifi Herder; schi~~er,LLR: Goethe # J L U ~ % I ? L & , I ~ ~ ~~.?u~nAin~n~k~~~fiiiRousseau LLR: Mme. de Steel fi .q:~fi~oR'n6si~~uuL~unilLLItil~aon?1a~nuRomanticism ~1qr1hdir0uyn n n h ~ q j ~ u u u a u n i . r ~ f i ~ n a inuuaaiDIQuulaud naiufim~iu~ti~doJB- m8 (Nation-State) 1~l~I3ic1qi~~dudi3~~onnuo=:ldflc1aiu I ,hKqa:hrpu ~ ~ d m n ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ a u ~ n ' ~ ~ ~ u n ~ u f i ~ ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~nuqiin 16 PS 390
  • 5. nirrqupau, niri~omuirudj~u(common will), nisdfionrruiqu (collective participation) ~~n:diuioo^ad~n~J~~n(Popular sovereignty) riuiiiiunuinhKqlu d ? ~ ~ n i f~ ~ ~ ~ u a ~ ~ ~ n i r d u y w d ~ ~ u ~ ~ m ~ ~ s u&~unis~uiuii~un"u~a~uywlJ'~1:~ilu uu7ni~mi~~~Ru?!Cini7 Dnfnun~otGndilrq7~ 4 uHegel ~IEn5w~daKn51iAQ~u~LLU-JASI Y DJ Hegel $u~:i~~~iludr?u~a~081~~11f3~'du1u~",s~u~i~d~n~saii7uIuIsnd dr:% r u m ~ i n n fuywuaimnnoniJ R ~ I J ~n+?ui$~iluciryR'nw.d~a~ws:~iiL ~ ~ ~ R C ~ L U W ~ ~ R (universal spirit) ~ilunirr~uI u n q i u f i ~ ~ ~ ~Hegel i i t i a j i ~ , s(The state) ~9u.i unuuociuuiw ~iMnd~gumnn~uhndt l r : ~ ~ i n m i u y w u a i ~ ~ i l u ~ r : G ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ a ~ wr:~$i ~~uni.n~uuo~wr:~$iuuInnuywu'dnin~uofusrsu?jo:~Bu6q~nwd~o~ws: ~didro:r~u^onmnnC(~~n'o?~~~unifr3~~~wnrfuLL~:?~LCII?~?~<UB ~ C u i i i ~ ~ i l u e ~ 6 3 3 ~ Y ~ ~ ~ ~ h ~7 ~ U ~ ~ L G ~ R R : M R ~ ~ : ~ U ' ~ U ' P ~ ~ U ~ ~ L U ' ~ T ~ ~ U ~ " U 4 n'nSa7Qiitluerz?'wsnnlu~m~sswl19 ~'nira~l~eun:iunn~find~~u~~ud$?"rnbjf~~~~*. n i s d $ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ n i u ~ nrmuoiaKnwru:f~~5u~o~i~ai~rr'wui$qnuo~ninia~uuuu~~auKu~iluia~iimua~au t: aunnid 6~fiuifimuinni~nir~d~).~uin~uunurnua~?jai~f!~~ui~"nfmaouda r r l - , ds:siauiiuin$'u ~~fliWfimn~iu~no~inn'n~~a~~uluninnumai~~~ar~irurnuy Ya~nirii~~aul~~a~n~r?ufnaouuo~~~dadrtniauLLR:MCI$Y~ ~ds:ai~udddai~ t u 7 n i r d f i ~ c l k ~ ~ ~ l d ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ d ~ i r ' ~ I h ~ ~ ~ n : K n w ~ : t d u ~ i l uI niry~i~diuiod%d~nu?1o ~ f j(Sovereignty) n i r d ~ n i ~ h P u y w ~ a uiIR.R.1789 16 h ~ j i"diuioo%d~nu~~u~o~~n'~1~1sifl~r~u1m~u~d~o~~ilu~$i~~ J L L ~ : ~ ~ ~ R T O J L L ~ ~ du?kih o i n n i ~ d f i ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f l i ~ r ~ ~ ~ i i73 - sic (Nation-state) I6~%iuii-~u~ilu~Yu ~d~~~~~Ciu?n~~~iluR'nl~.nr=d~~aioo~~on~i~iluState-nation 16 t nirdfiii~ ~ J L R R L O U ~ I P ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~or:nii~u?nnunJ M U R ~odJiuwr:um u r t nmra~rn:n~urrqnyuui~-ws:dr:slrulinqiu~Auii?jj~Ou'uo~~~iB~ijnisEunio~Qn3 L R W ~ U AJ~WU~JLLR:~~I~~~~?W& € I J Y I ? ~ w ~ : I ~ A ~ ~ ~ "~ l f ~ 7 ~ ~ f i 7 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ d ~ : n ~ ~ i f f l i ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ' n ~ w n ~ u i l ~ ~ i n u ~ i 6 ~ u u(Nationalist intellectuals) ~ ~ L Q W I : r u d ot!lJdtulf~Bules Michelet d ~ d s m n ~ ~ i u n i ~"dO?~Lwadrmaud+~LRnnMichelet ~ ~ ~ i u n i r d ~ j % d ~ ~ ~ ~ n i i ~ ~ ~ n i r ~ ' r ~ 6 ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ i u ~ o 3 ~ 6 i ~ ~ u ' i ~ o ~ u y
  • 6. ~ilunis~inis~nuuo~~1'I~uid3:~nflfluni~nis~a~n i f i o i i u p 6 ~ U u ~ ~ i i d ~ ~ s : ~ i l u l Cl* wk~iuds:%~imfua:wn~iuua~uyvuainnnonisdfi% R ' n w r u : n i ? ~ d u o t n i s d f i ~ i d f d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n i s ~ i ~ a i ~ i ~ i u i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ch&qluniss?uaiG ~ d ~ i ~ d $ n i s ~ s : u u n i s i ~ ~ u ~ ~ 1 1 u d s : 0 u ~ n ~ i d ~ ~ u ~ u ~ d d ~ u nic ki2~iuil%fi~n'uZ1nisnti~~naru:Cygnwdi~uCu~ d u~niswa~.sii,~ w n ~ a i i (NationalAnthems) ~~s:%niti (National Holidays) L!h46%4 nis~ftulsluo~$n%aiftGrruu'Yiiil~~iuCuWYU8nYynisi~ia~~1~iu~m LLUU~T:~I%~~~OLLUUQ~:?UUO~~dl41 "lE6Jll~JlflmTnlW LLfltn3lXILRUElfIlR" l h ~ f l wnad~ioinnisd#%d$d~~~~au#unsi~~nisfionia~1n51unis~ u " i d d 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ n i ~ dnnsatfin%lunis!fiunu rsr ~ d i i d1 m d i ~ ~ i ~ d $ ~ i u ~ f l u . s i ~ ~ ~ ~ d s ~ n i s n d d ~ nis~flwqmnnnsru(Industrialization) ~ ~ s r n l s ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 a u u n s(Urbanization) Bnds:nis M ~ Jninfluqmmnnnu~~s:ni3~fimR'~nuuns~ilwm~n?~d~fi~au&Inddd~uiuii t: diuioluni~nis~iio~u o n o i n u u n ~ i u ~ o ~ y < i ~ ~ ~ i n i ~ n i ~ i m i a ~ a ~ ~ninuft~ mnomounishsfaii~dsr~n~,.rruufiwnn d ~ i i ~7 ~ n h d u ' u i i ~ ~ w ~ i ~ i ~ d h ~ ~ d ~ b k f i ~ ~ ? ~us:knuwt~'u~~ddu R'nvru:nisfln$un'u t~u3l?tuundaii, nisidiuiolunisGmfiuvminnu vo~nuluaii m~on~udiwioo~~m~~~uuadd3daucilliir~uri.rudsnoud~niydvSi ~Ctfin~'n~~iiilrru~.~'u~nidu~~umqiuftmdiii ~ a i ~ i ~ i u i o I u n i s ~ n ~ s ~ n n s o ~ ~ u r # ~fionfdnnso~fli~Cs:uunvnstl, ~in:s:uu~wionisgnKu~ijnld n1.ndfiu3d$~~~~$~& i i r ~ u ~ m ? ~ n n : ~ ~ k 7 ~ ~ 1 u n i ~ ~ o : : r 0 i u i ~ o i ~ r u i ~ : u u a 1 ~ ~ u n ~ b ih i d 7 ~ n h d f i l ~ d ~ J l l ? ~ ~ ~ d n l ~ ~ L ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ d 6 3 ~ n l 3 ~ ~ l ~ ~ lnisdtC~nis ~ 6 i u i ~ n i ~ ~ R s ~ ~ ~ o m ~ ~ m o u n l ~ ~ i d ~ l ~~ f l ~ R ' n l u m t h ~ i ~ d & L ~ ~ ~ n i d ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ t l x' ~pu'uwm~sr~d20 oioui n i u l 6 n i s J i u o ~ b ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ o(Robespierre) as: Marat $n%aiiJuuuod d~d~~ahuinisrionioditrsiu<adu ~ n i s f i i d i u i o n i ~ n n i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ o ~ u n ~ s ~ TnB Iuil 1798 ~~uilnirmru~nnisd~~ilu~:~~:~~~~5 i~ r i u i ~ ~ u q f i ~ d i illoi?nfii~ voosin" t ~ u d s o u i ~nirudvuiuhuious:ni.r~~idna~n'w~6~nisnsr~u~u1f~ddu1n n i u w & n i n l ~ ? 3 l d h ~ ~ ~R'n^ssitiGuul6~flu~~~wfns1uadi~ni~~u~i~ h ~ q h d~dulu~mi'l.~uosi'u,mdu, ilrdu 7 n a i l ~ $ u ~ u f i n ~ i u ~ i l ~ ~ ~ ioinnis t~ f i ~ ~ i ~ j n i d n n i s u o dJ~LFIW.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n i s d u ~ i ~ ~ ~ n i ~ n i i ~ w n ' ~ ~ i w u a ~7 lu kt ..
  • 7. u Y ~~alKni~~~uinir~nwiua~s~~nbiGQuulunr?'umn~duanuu~3in73l6 riiuui~~i~miKnw~KnhiiGuuuo~atu3ni~~uni~Si~Knimrnir~~uur~uuouor r1i~d~nisnii~~~~a~inu~u3rursia~i~cjiu~flum3:~~~n~?li7"(White man's burden) 114 stuesioui nu?n~iu~in~li8n'awauinirUrud~~~n~33~.~20 Inoiarn:lun3La~ A d u ~ ~ n ~ i u i i m ~ 7 u u ' ~ i i ~ 8 u ~ ~ o d i ~ n d &3ain^iiuulun~?~o~u3ni 6nbiW~uuliuiiiivnllinluaru3niIn u~~wir'lud~~~m733wd20 C u u r n'nhiiQuu~~~n~iu~uw'unn~nnnni~ni31~a~durdu FasCism LLR: Nazism ria:! ni3l$n7iu~uii.rtua~~~'aaiGPuulud~rin~6au~w~i~fluaLii~~in ~ L M I ~ I J R ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ : ~ L R ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ' I Ivdrm mui.rnorWiPIuignmK~7 u~~Knhi6Gsu~umu~ni~ia:Jiui~ilu~iu~~nluni~i~n~irVi % ?ni f u n ~ ih ~ q 6 ~ i o ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ r i n i f r ] ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n " u(The American Revolution) iguK7 iinn:~ilunnui3uoi~ni~d(iRa~uinifil4riluKnwwni~d~~~n'i'111WP1uttdrUu nin~uniiAauad.rrIu'11u'i7ul u n i . r ~ ~ i ~ n ~ i u i i l u ~ ~ ~ f = : o i n n i ~ ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u a ~ o j n q w ,n1.r uouiu~qqiiilu~n"ungarsuai~(natural law) t%-hiu~~u?Ji~ (natural rights) nqa~ua~ni.rd~%i~ V S ~ I J7 ~ ~ d i ~ r ~ ~ d 0 l ~ u ~ u 1 1 1 ~ ~ 3 d ~ % a ~ ~ ~ n ' u ~ ~ m u ' lunaudaiu~~?nv618 ? ~ ~ n i u a ~ k n q d 6 a a n n ~ ~ u i u ~ ~ u u i n 3 1q -A luni~n~u?uiri3mwni~~~3~.,~iio10~d~:~n~1aimiGnuInu~awi:u'oriryqninu7Cy ainsrr~nud(Stamp Act) ~ ~ i ~ u i i ~ d ~ ~ u n i i ~ n n l ~ ~ u " i d ~ : ~ n f l ~ ~ n ~ wiiad3:~rin3~n d3 m m ~ ~ ~ ~ n i s n u n i d a $ i i u ~ ~ u i a i 7 " ~ n q ~ ur d a f l n i . r d & ~ i u ? ~ u i n ~ ~ n ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n a ~ n ~ i s i ~ i u i n ~ u ~ u I u r i a ~ u o ~ < ur i ? ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' ~ g l ~ ~ d 3 ~ ' 1 1 l n 3 0 ~ ~ f n i f l ~ 7 i ~ ~ n i sauh'a u~rrini~r5un~a~imirlun13dnn30~nu~b~~~a:o:~~iuin~u?uni~~iiuniB~a~ ~ n u n i ~ d u a ~ i h u d ~ ~ ~ ~ f i n ~ u o i n ~ v ~ u a n j n d i ~ u i ~ 6 u o i t r ~ u n i ~ r A v a Y $ u - a r ni.~.raufi~~usinnunof~uusi?n~:~uua~qmuni3dd3raiauni~n~~nnaY n i ~ d ~ : n i ~ Zmniyw (The Declaration of Independence) riluni~~irrumiuGnua~Bohn Locke
  • 8. n i r d a l u i n i r h i ~ u ~ u n d R r i u ~ a n ~ s " ~ ~1 ii~fiannniipnnr:#$nudi Quuuo~nualuih li~u~~~6~~oiioluinililuai~d~Jb~~~a:s:CoioJ~nwil~d~n?lu yblmrukarR2iugn~~~'II~~~?h&6 Woodraw Wilson lG~nondi2l5ii"~dlo?nwil-!i $~r:uulh:aitd~uuo~ai~Ian~~~ u ~ i u n i u a ~ d r r a i u i b uWilson ~u~Awiialu3rYu 3 ~ i l u a i i d t ~ I ~ d&~uo~uini~vii~ur:~~u~?nw1~~6~rru~l6.an~~Wilson Rnii ~ ~ u i n a i ~ s : ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ n u u o ~ ~ o i ~ u ~ a n ~ d l ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ a l L d 0 ~ 7 ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ 1 ~ a iW Q u u d : n u d n . ~ .1930 ~ i l u 3 $ ~ 1 ~ r w ; ~ o a ~ u i n i ~ n ~ infi:dlo~~ilu R ~ M ~ Z K ~winiri~~~~un$i2oon1do~1nn~$o~1uynd~ilu$nwm:dbani? isolationism dauim lo 3 nirfiini~8u~J~1anuoro~uini~n~n'anunuinar~~aro~uini~;iuu-1~~n' Qq~i~~rw;fis-knumuluaiimu u d a i n m ~ ~ u o ~ n i r w i u ~ ~ w ' u o ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~R.R. 1940 ~ 1 1 ~ ~ l ~ 1 ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ? ~ n ~ ~ d ~ ~ d l ~ ~ : ~ ; i ~ ~ l n " l ~@TfElll"El7:llll ~ i d nnarsinnirn$uuiiiunuin~~u~ii~anu"~a~~i1~~o~ilu~~i71~7~ u~uuiudi~drr~n~n~uin'u~u~o~Y'u~risr~nii~unuinhuu"uo~o~u'in'uda~d~un'iu X '1IOJUY1U s ~ ~ % I ~ G ~ u ~ ~ ? ' H o ~ ~ ' ~ H H Q I ~ T T Y ~20 . ' n i a i ~ f~ul~d2dRn253~d20 ~ h q u u i $ J r : ~ n n h ~7 niruountiu Don "$n%91?1QoulMa?' (The New ~ationalkm) ~ ~ ~ $ i u i d ~ n ~ i n ~ ~ ~ u n ~ u d ~ : ~ moana$uaimif nu ~ n u i l ~ n ~ m ~ ~ u n i r d a 6 1 ~ r t ~ n ~ a r ? ' u n nnisdaniuo:~8udoc U -a. n i ~ r r w u ~ i u ~ n a s n s ~ ~ r 6 ~ ~ ~ m t i u ~ n~ ~ ~ t n ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ 7 d n n ~ o ~ ~ r : ~ n ~ o i m i RlNFIf 6 i 2 ~ n t . a i lQ uulunquds:~n~airuiQnulflullslngnirmn ~nnuulaa a ~ r u ~ i ~ u a d d ~ : ~ ~ i ~ a f n ~ ~ n n d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ n ~ ~ ~ ' i ~ o i m i ~ n ~ ~nirrioku+?n oimifinuiiuiuiuwo~un?suoid~iru16<afi1ud2d~n"~~~firiuInnn5"~62
  • 9. LOU 3 Lrill~g1970 i ~ ~ d r : ~ ~ ~ ~ R ' n u a d ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ? i ~ u u u a ~ d r : ~ n n a i ~ ~ i ~ n ~ ~ ~ a n6mnirnw ?uua~dr:ana'n1?rr6Guu uc3:~Yi~ig-niR (nation-state) IKi;iut~rinCiuun'~r'~ d au7 ~u$nwru:dR'nn)ni6!lGu1luataimilrou~$n~1~:d~~nnciii~~1innrfini~Guu~u~Cu ~ n ? r r d19 lulhnnfiqlsd k d Lord Hailey lGyd?ii '~u?unirniliruuaifii Y ~~nndi~oinuu~unirni6!lQuulua:7'u~nn j ~ u ~ ~ n ~ r b u n u u ~ u n i ~ n i ? i ~ u u ~ ~ u u u i ~ 4 u J "a7fin'ucuu" (Africanism) mdn James Coleman m"nii?~-irdun'uiindidlr6miu ~'nwwniruin~~n~uua~$n5ni~li~uu1uaifini~u~ l r ? ~ ~ d a u i i ~ : ~ i l u ~ d ~ d ~ a u ~ u ' i f i n u J d CLI l d~4u~~~~~:d~~u~Iuun~nai~ai~n'uill~nwudlri~~~adnr~~~~LL~~:IT~~JR~IIJ 5 aanuilu~dnnui~ni~d~~%nimfua~ni~~ii~ni~n"~luqI~d~~~:lu~ifini~~ ~ r i a i o o : ~ d ~ ' n w n c n ~ ~ ~ u u n " ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ u u~aundq~.rdnriunnt~aruadn~u d.r:~nndnna~luoimi~~~ulG~ilu2 LLYU n~?iQuu~u~~~~n:iuaandR'nwf~:ua~nir"a t riiu<nrar.r6~t~um:iwnn aa:~~nvwuadnirda~iu~~n::ni~d~%~~a:~iaun~d~1:aonui luR'nwnr:ua~nirR3i~n~ia~u~~r~ A w n i ~ ~ a ~ i u u ~ : u ~ ~ u n ~ ~ d ~ ~ n u a ~ n ~ u d r : ~ n ~ d ~ n u n n a ~ ~ u a i n r i G n gnanr:~a~niru1~n~~anni~8olinui~~n~iu<~u'a~~ooianimndnirrian~iu~uus~~ri ~ ~ u ~ u d ~ ) r ~ i lU ~ I ~ A ~ ~ J ~ ~ I U L O U ~ ~ M ~ J E T U L ~u ? n ' u u a d n u ~ ~ ~ ~ u dda6iudiwoua~ didn'i?~riilfuk i ~ u n i n ~ t u r t i i ~ n i l 6 n G ~ uFrantr Fanon rinimjnu i & n ~d~kbfi ni1lnwcinanr:ni~nrndua~~r:~nfi<n~~rr6~uu~a~r:~nfiainri~nuluai~ni~~~1M' - - r l duniadi~ludr:~nnaas~ r u~ ~ n i r n a ~ u a d n i ? ~ ~ f ~ ~ R ~ d a n i ~ w " u ~ ~ a ~~flu~nwm11a~ JA- n i s n ~ u n n m i i u ~ u ~ ~ n ~ d ~ w ' u f ~ d ~ ~ f l u ~ ~ d a u ~ m ~Fanon ndi2ii ucin'aairu~QnlnFlu
  • 10. Y O J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W I U , W Q J " ~ ~ U L ~ U ' F I ~(nation) 1aulunqudc~nn~~ci~dd7i7'117~d
  • 11. Ma7tlfrih Ldu (1) 147 (tribe), (2) ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ s l n 7 f ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ' ~ 0 d ~ l ~ ~ l ~(The colonial administrative boundaries) ~ 4 %%7til~%%1,n i ~ iYRY (3) h u du ~lfinisl:?~ aan, aifinia:ium, aifininaw. (4) li?ud~ilw Continent ~ d uwqn Pan- Africanisrn ua: (5) ~Baq~ti(the race) %6i~'~atd?uint7 d n c i i ~ u i d ~ ~ u ~ a ~ t t I < ~ Iunv4nw7~ n i n r n ~ i i t l ~ I u ~ ~ r ~ n ~ A ~ ~ o ~ n a ~ I u a i ~ i ~ ~ u I ~ ~~~wiraiv~rn7
  • 12. 1 Karl W. Deutsch, "The Growth of Nations: some Recurrent Patterns of Political and Social Integration, " World Polltlcs, V, No.2 (Jan, 1959), 168-195; "Nation and World," in Contemporary Polltlcal Sclence: Towad Empirlcel Theory, Ed. by lthiel de Sola Pool, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967. 2 ' l f l J ~ l J ,p.10. 3 Ray Baker, Woodraw Wllson and World Settlement, 3 Vols. (New York: Doubleday, p. 1923) 4 Lord Hailey, An Afrlcan Survey Revised 1956 (London and New York : Oxford University Press, 1957), pp. 251 ff 5 James Coleman, Nigeria in Thomas Hodgkin, Natlonallsm In col~nlalAfrlca (New York: New York UniversityPress, 1957) pp. 16-17. 6 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York :Grove Press, 1968), pp. 61, 86, 94. 7 f James Coleman. "Nigeria' IUThomas Hodgkin, Natlonallsm In Colonlal Africa (New York: New York University Press, 1957) p. 45.