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Networking

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Abraham Dolindo
Abraham Dolindo

This document discusses several networking models and topologies. It describes peer-to-peer networks as decentralized with no central storage or control, while client-server networks are centralized with network services managed in one location. Various network topologies are also outlined, including bus, ring, star, and mesh, explaining their logical and physical connections between devices. Standards organizations like IEEE are mentioned as developing compatibility standards for networking technologies.

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Network ModelsPeer-to-peer Networking ModelA peer-to-peer network is a decentralized network model offering nocentralizedstorage of data or centralizedcontrol over the sharing of files or resources. All systems on a peer-to-peer network can share the resources on their local computer as well as use resources of other systems.Client/Server Networking ModelTheclient/servernetworking model is, without question, the most widely implemented model and the one you are most likely to encounter whenworkingin real-world environments. The advantages of theclient/serversystem stem from the fact that it is a centralized model. It allows for centralized network managementof all network services, including user management,security, and backup procedures.
Comparison of Networking Models
Network TopologiesAtopologyrefers to both the physical and logical layout of a network. The physicaltopologyof a network refers to the actual layout of thecomputer cablesand other network devices. The logical topologyof a network, on the other hand, refers to the way in which the network appears to the devices that use it.
Bus TopologyAbus networkuses a trunk or backbone to whichall of the computers on the network connect.
Ring TopologyTheringtopology is actually a logical ring, meaning that the datatravelsin circular fashion from one computer to another onthe network.
Star TopologyIn thestartopology, all computers and othernetwork devicesconnect toa central device called a hub or switch.
Mesh TopologyThemeshtopologyincorporates a uniquenetwork designin which eachcomputer on the network connects to every other, creating apoint-to-point connection between every device on the network.
IEEE and Networking StandardsThe Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers(IEEE) developed a series of networking standardsto ensure that networking technologies developedby respective manufacturers are compatible.

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Networking

  • 3. Network ModelsPeer-to-peer Networking ModelA peer-to-peer network is a decentralized network model offering nocentralizedstorage of data or centralizedcontrol over the sharing of files or resources. All systems on a peer-to-peer network can share the resources on their local computer as well as use resources of other systems.Client/Server Networking ModelTheclient/servernetworking model is, without question, the most widely implemented model and the one you are most likely to encounter whenworkingin real-world environments. The advantages of theclient/serversystem stem from the fact that it is a centralized model. It allows for centralized network managementof all network services, including user management,security, and backup procedures.
  • 5. Network TopologiesAtopologyrefers to both the physical and logical layout of a network. The physicaltopologyof a network refers to the actual layout of thecomputer cablesand other network devices. The logical topologyof a network, on the other hand, refers to the way in which the network appears to the devices that use it.
  • 6. Bus TopologyAbus networkuses a trunk or backbone to whichall of the computers on the network connect.
  • 7. Ring TopologyTheringtopology is actually a logical ring, meaning that the datatravelsin circular fashion from one computer to another onthe network.
  • 8. Star TopologyIn thestartopology, all computers and othernetwork devicesconnect toa central device called a hub or switch.
  • 9. Mesh TopologyThemeshtopologyincorporates a uniquenetwork designin which eachcomputer on the network connects to every other, creating apoint-to-point connection between every device on the network.
  • 10. IEEE and Networking StandardsThe Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers(IEEE) developed a series of networking standardsto ensure that networking technologies developedby respective manufacturers are compatible.