Optimization is the process of achieving and maintaining the required quality as designed by addressing deviations between radio network planning and real-world implementation. It involves tuning antenna parameters, radio frequencies, and neighbor lists to improve coverage, call and handover quality based on drive test results and key performance metrics. The optimization process occurs in initial, primary, and maintenance phases and utilizes tools like drive test kits and optimization software to analyze problems, identify solutions, and fine-tune the network over time.