Newton laws
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This document explains Isaac Newton's three laws of motion through examples and diagrams. Newton's First Law states that objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Friction and gravity are examples of forces that cause moving objects to eventually stop. Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). Newton's Third Law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction - when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force back on the first.
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- Galileo conducted experiments rolling balls down inclined planes and concluded that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force like friction. This tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion is called inertia.
- Newton later formalized this as his first law of motion, stating that objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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Newton laws
- 2. Newtons Contributions 1. Calculus 2. Light is composed of rainbow colors 3. Reflecting Telescope 4. Laws of Motion 5. Theory of Gravitation
- 3. Newtons First Law (law of inertia) An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- 4. Balanced Force Equal forces in opposite directions produce no motion
- 5. Unbalanced Forces Unequal opposing forces produce an unbalanced force causing motion
- 6. If objects in motion tend to stay in motion, why dont moving objects keep moving forever? Things dont keep moving forever because theres almost always an unbalanced force acting upon them. A book sliding across a table slows down and stops because of the force of friction. If you throw a ball upwards it will eventually slow down and fall because of the force of gravity.
- 7. What is meant by unbalanced force? If the forces on an object are equal and opposite, they are said to be balanced, and the object experiences no change in motion. If they are not equal and opposite, then the forces are unbalanced and the motion of the object changes.
- 8. Newtons First Law (law of inertia) MASS is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in Kilograms
- 9. Newtons First Law (law of inertia) INERTIA is a property of an object that describes how ______________________ the motion of the object much it will resist change to mass inertia more _____ means more ____
- 10. 1st Law Unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, this golf ball would sit on the tee forever.
- 11. What is this unbalanced force that acts on an object in motion? There are four main types of friction: Sliding friction: ice skating Rolling friction: bowling Fluid friction (air or liquid): air or water resistance Static friction: initial friction when moving an object
- 12. 1st Law Once airborne, unless acted on by an unbalanced force (gravity and air fluid friction) it would never stop!
- 13. Inertia
- 15. Newtons Second Law Force equals mass times acceleration. F = ma
- 16. Newtons Second Law Force = Mass x Acceleration Force is measured in Newtons ACCELERATION of GRAVITY(Earth) = 9.8 m/s2 Weight (force) = mass x gravity (Earth) Moons gravity is 1/6 of the Earths If you weigh 420 Newtons on earth, what will you weigh on the Moon? 70 Newtons If your mass is 41.5Kg on Earth what is your mass on the Moon?
- 17. Newtons Second Law WEIGHT is a measure of the force of ________ gravity on the mass of an object Newtons measured in __________
- 18. Newtons Second Law One rock weighs 5 Newtons. The other rock weighs 0.5 Newtons. How much more force will be required to accelerate the first rock at the same rate as the second rock? Ten times as much
- 19. Newtons Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- 20. Newtons 3rd Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Book to earth Table to book
- 21. Think about it . . . What happens if you are standing on a skateboard or a slippery floor and push against a wall? You slide in the opposite direction (away from the wall), because you pushed on the wall but the wall pushed back on you with equal and opposite force. Why does it hurt so much when you stub your toe? When your toe exerts a force on a rock, the rock exerts an equal force back on your toe. The harder you hit your toe against it, the more force the rock exerts back on your toe (and the more your toe hurts).
- 22. Newtons Third Law A bug with a mass of 5 grams flies into the windshield of a moving 1000kg bus. Which will have the most force? The bug on the bus The bus on the bug
- 23. Newtons Third Law The force would be the same. Force (bug)= m x A Force (bus)= Mx a Think I look bad? You should see the other guy!
- 24. Action: earth pulls on you Reaction: you pull on earth Action and Reaction on Different Masses Consider you and the earth
- 25. Action: tire pushes on road Reaction: road pushes on tire
- 26. Reaction: gases push on rocket Action: rocket pushes on gases
- 27. Consider hitting a baseball with a bat. If we call the force applied to the ball by the bat the action force, identify the reaction force. (a) the force applied to the bat by the hands (b) the force applied to the bat by the ball (c) the force the ball carries with it in flight (d) the centrifugal force in the swing
- 28. Newtons 3rd Law Suppose you are taking a space walk near the space shuttle, and your safety line breaks. How would you get back to the shuttle?
- 29. Newtons 3rd Law The thing to do would be to take one of the tools from your tool belt and throw it is hard as you can directly away from the shuttle. Then, with the help of Newton's second and third laws, you will accelerate back towards the shuttle. As you throw the tool, you push against it, causing it to accelerate. At the same time, by Newton's third law, the tool is pushing back against you in the opposite direction, which causes you to accelerate back towards the shuttle, as desired.
- 30. What Laws are represented?
- 32. Review Newtons First Law: Objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newtons Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). Newtons Third Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- 33. 1stlaw: Homer is large and has much mass, therefore he has much inertia. Friction and gravity oppose his motion. 2nd law: Homers mass x 9.8 m/s/s equals his weight, which is a force. 3rd law: Homer pushes against the ground and it pushes back.