Programi permban: Planifikimin e numrit te vleresimit te nxenesve, bazuar ne linjat e lendes sipas Programit lendor perkates; Teknikat e vleresimit, sipas Programit lendor; Objektivat e arritjeve, sipas Taksonomise se rinovuar te Bloom-it; Tabelen e shenimit te notave nga mesuesi, ne menyre qe te behet nje vleresim ne sasi te barabarte per te gjithe nx. dhe ne te gjitha linjat.
2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content MarketingSearch Engine Journal
油
The document outlines key SEO and content marketing trends for 2024, emphasizing the impact of AI, the importance of E-E-A-T (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness), and a shift towards user-centric content strategies. It advises against focusing on outdated trends like voice search and stresses the need for creating value-driven, authoritative content. Additionally, it highlights the need to leverage AI as a supportive tool rather than relying solely on it for content creation.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
油
The document outlines a livestream presentation by Chiara Aliotta on integrating storytelling into web design to enhance user experiences. It covers the storytelling process for designers, emphasizing aspects such as understanding the audience, structuring narratives, and creating emotional connections. The presentation also includes case studies and practical examples to demonstrate effective storytelling in UX/UI design.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the authors consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
油
The document discusses leveraging AI to enhance employee wellness through data analytics, automating tasks, and personalized wellness apps, emphasizing the shared responsibility of employee well-being between leaders and organizations. It outlines best practices for using AI in wellness strategies, including ensuring data privacy and security, understanding employee needs, and promoting inclusivity. Lydia Di Francesco, a wellness specialist, shares insights to optimize workplace wellness strategy using AI-driven data analytics and encourages collaboration and transparency.
2024 State of Marketing Report by HubspotMarius Sescu
油
The State of Marketing 2024 report highlights the transformative impact of AI and automation, emphasizing the importance of personalization and engagement to drive growth in a competitive landscape. Marketers are focusing on optimizing budgets, leveraging social media for brand awareness, and utilizing AI tools to enhance efficiency across tasks. Key trends for 2024 include the rise of experiential marketing, content creation that meets user needs, and strengthened connections through personalized customer experiences.
ChatGPT is an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, built on advanced language models to facilitate human-like conversational interactions. Launched in November 2022, it utilizes a transformer architecture to understand and generate text, with applications ranging from content creation to customer service. Despite its capabilities, there are concerns about potential misuse and biases in its responses, which OpenAI aims to mitigate through moderation and user feedback.
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
油
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
油
The November 2023 mental health report indicates that 70% of respondents rate their mental health as 'good' or 'excellent,' with higher diagnoses reported among African Americans and non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Asians. Younger generations, particularly Gen Z and millennials, are more likely to experience mental health challenges, seek information online, and report that their mental health impacts their work and relationships. Half of the respondents feel comfortable discussing their mental health with professionals, although Gen Z shows the least comfort in this area.
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
油
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
油
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
油
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
油
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
The 2024 social media marketing trends report highlights significant shifts influenced by generative AI, including the emergence of personalized content, the rise of virtual influencers, and a stronger focus on user-generated content. Insights were gathered from 33 experts across 23 leading independent agencies, providing a perspective that emphasizes creativity and authenticity in marketing strategies. Key trends also include the blending of B2B and B2C approaches, reflecting changes in consumer behavior and the evolving landscape of social media engagement.
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
油
The document discusses trends in paid search for 2024, highlighting changes in user behavior, the implications for financial services, and privacy challenges. It emphasizes the importance of adapting search strategies, utilizing AI-driven tools like performance max and smart bidding, and leveraging first-party data for better marketing efficacy. Key takeaways include holistic SEO and SEM approaches, monitoring shifting user intents, and the need for continuous performance evaluation.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
油
The document outlines five public speaking tips from Chris Anderson, TED Talks curator, emphasizing the importance of eye contact, vulnerability, humor, humility, and storytelling. These skills are presented as essential for engaging audiences effectively and are increasingly valuable in today's economy. The article posits that mastering these techniques can enhance speakers' ability to communicate ideas powerfully.
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
油
The document provides an overview of generative AI, particularly focusing on ChatGPT and its implications for business and the job market. It discusses the rapid growth of generative AI, its applications in marketing, and the skills needed for the AI era while addressing potential job displacement and the need for adaptation. The agenda includes a Q&A session and emphasizes rethinking work in collaboration with AI technology.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
油
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
The document provides essential tips on how to handle difficult conversations in a workplace setting, emphasizing the importance of preparation, environment, and timing. It highlights that many employees dread such conversations, often leading to avoidance and worsening situations. Ultimately, the guide aims to promote positive outcomes while maintaining professional relationships.
The document discusses the rise and importance of data science and machine learning, highlighting the growing demand for data scientists and the challenges they face. It explains machine learning concepts such as supervised and unsupervised learning, along with various real-world applications and the necessary steps involved in a machine learning workflow. Additionally, the document emphasizes the iterative process of model improvement and feature engineering used to enhance machine learning outcomes.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
油
The document outlines a livestream presentation by Chiara Aliotta on integrating storytelling into web design to enhance user experiences. It covers the storytelling process for designers, emphasizing aspects such as understanding the audience, structuring narratives, and creating emotional connections. The presentation also includes case studies and practical examples to demonstrate effective storytelling in UX/UI design.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the authors consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
油
The document discusses leveraging AI to enhance employee wellness through data analytics, automating tasks, and personalized wellness apps, emphasizing the shared responsibility of employee well-being between leaders and organizations. It outlines best practices for using AI in wellness strategies, including ensuring data privacy and security, understanding employee needs, and promoting inclusivity. Lydia Di Francesco, a wellness specialist, shares insights to optimize workplace wellness strategy using AI-driven data analytics and encourages collaboration and transparency.
2024 State of Marketing Report by HubspotMarius Sescu
油
The State of Marketing 2024 report highlights the transformative impact of AI and automation, emphasizing the importance of personalization and engagement to drive growth in a competitive landscape. Marketers are focusing on optimizing budgets, leveraging social media for brand awareness, and utilizing AI tools to enhance efficiency across tasks. Key trends for 2024 include the rise of experiential marketing, content creation that meets user needs, and strengthened connections through personalized customer experiences.
ChatGPT is an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, built on advanced language models to facilitate human-like conversational interactions. Launched in November 2022, it utilizes a transformer architecture to understand and generate text, with applications ranging from content creation to customer service. Despite its capabilities, there are concerns about potential misuse and biases in its responses, which OpenAI aims to mitigate through moderation and user feedback.
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
油
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
油
The November 2023 mental health report indicates that 70% of respondents rate their mental health as 'good' or 'excellent,' with higher diagnoses reported among African Americans and non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Asians. Younger generations, particularly Gen Z and millennials, are more likely to experience mental health challenges, seek information online, and report that their mental health impacts their work and relationships. Half of the respondents feel comfortable discussing their mental health with professionals, although Gen Z shows the least comfort in this area.
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
油
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
油
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
油
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
油
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
The 2024 social media marketing trends report highlights significant shifts influenced by generative AI, including the emergence of personalized content, the rise of virtual influencers, and a stronger focus on user-generated content. Insights were gathered from 33 experts across 23 leading independent agencies, providing a perspective that emphasizes creativity and authenticity in marketing strategies. Key trends also include the blending of B2B and B2C approaches, reflecting changes in consumer behavior and the evolving landscape of social media engagement.
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
油
The document discusses trends in paid search for 2024, highlighting changes in user behavior, the implications for financial services, and privacy challenges. It emphasizes the importance of adapting search strategies, utilizing AI-driven tools like performance max and smart bidding, and leveraging first-party data for better marketing efficacy. Key takeaways include holistic SEO and SEM approaches, monitoring shifting user intents, and the need for continuous performance evaluation.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
油
The document outlines five public speaking tips from Chris Anderson, TED Talks curator, emphasizing the importance of eye contact, vulnerability, humor, humility, and storytelling. These skills are presented as essential for engaging audiences effectively and are increasingly valuable in today's economy. The article posits that mastering these techniques can enhance speakers' ability to communicate ideas powerfully.
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
油
The document provides an overview of generative AI, particularly focusing on ChatGPT and its implications for business and the job market. It discusses the rapid growth of generative AI, its applications in marketing, and the skills needed for the AI era while addressing potential job displacement and the need for adaptation. The agenda includes a Q&A session and emphasizes rethinking work in collaboration with AI technology.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
油
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
The document provides essential tips on how to handle difficult conversations in a workplace setting, emphasizing the importance of preparation, environment, and timing. It highlights that many employees dread such conversations, often leading to avoidance and worsening situations. Ultimately, the guide aims to promote positive outcomes while maintaining professional relationships.
The document discusses the rise and importance of data science and machine learning, highlighting the growing demand for data scientists and the challenges they face. It explains machine learning concepts such as supervised and unsupervised learning, along with various real-world applications and the necessary steps involved in a machine learning workflow. Additionally, the document emphasizes the iterative process of model improvement and feature engineering used to enhance machine learning outcomes.
1. NIVELET E PRPUNIMIT T GJUHS NATYRORE
Metoda m谷 shpjeguese p谷r paraqitjen e asaj q谷 ndodh brenda nj谷 sistemi t谷 p谷rpunimit t谷
gjuh谷s natyrore 谷sht谷 me an谷 t谷 qasjes n谷 nivelet e gjuh谷s. Kjo referohet edhe si model sinkronik i
gjuh谷s dhe t谷 dallohet nga modeli i m谷parsh谷m i vijim谷sis谷, i cili supozon se nivelet e p谷rpunimit t谷
gjuh谷s njer谷zore ndjekin nj谷ri-tjetrin n谷 m谷nyr谷 rrept谷sisht vijuese. Hulumtimi psycholinguistic
sugjeron se p谷rpunimi i gjuh谷s 谷sht谷 shum谷 m谷 dinamik, si nivelet mund t谷 nd谷rveprojn谷 n谷 nj谷
shum谷llojshm谷ri rregullash. Analiz谷 e vetvetes zbulon se ne shpesh p谷rdorim informacionin q谷 e
kemi fituar nga ajo q谷 谷sht谷 menduar zakonisht si nj谷 nivel m谷 i lart谷 i p谷rpunimit p谷r t谷 ndihmuar
n谷 nj谷 nivel m谷 t谷 ul谷t t谷 analiz谷s.
P谷r shembull, njohurit谷 pragmatike se dokumenti q谷 po lexon 谷sht谷 rreth biologjis谷 do t谷
p谷rdoret kur ndeshet nj谷 fjal谷 t谷 ve巽ant谷 q谷 ka disa kuptime t谷 mundshme, dhe fjala do t谷
interpretohet si e ka kuptimin n谷 biologji. Nga nevoja, p谷rshkrimi i m谷posht谷m i niveleve do t谷
paraqitet n谷 m谷nyr谷 t谷 vijueshme. Pika ky巽e k谷tu 谷sht谷 se kuptimi 谷sht谷 p谷rcjell谷 nga secili dhe 巽do
nivel i gjuh谷s dhe kjo q谷 kur njer谷zit kan谷 treguar se p谷r p谷rdorin t谷 gjitha nivelet e gjuh谷s p谷r t谷
fituar kuptimin, sa m谷 i aft谷 t谷 jet谷 nj谷 sistem i p谷rpunimit t谷 gjuh谷s natyrore (NLP), aq m谷 shum谷
nivele t谷 gjuh谷s do t谷 p谷rdor谷.
Fonologjia
Ky nivel merret me interpretimin e tingujve fjal谷s brenda dhe p谷rtej fjal谷ve. Ka, n谷 fakt, tri
lloje t谷 rregullave t谷 p谷rdorura n谷 analiz谷n fonologjike:
1) rregullat fonetike - p谷r tingujt brenda fjal谷ve,
2) rregullat fonematike - p谷r variacionet e shqiptim kur fjal谷t fliten bashku, dhe,
3) rregullat prosodike - p谷r l谷vizjen e theksit dhe intonacionit n谷p谷r nj谷 fjali. N谷 nj谷 sistem t谷
NLP-s谷 q谷 pranon t谷 dh谷na t谷 t谷 folurit, val谷t e z谷rit analizohen dhe kodohen n谷 nj谷 sinjal
digjitalizuar p谷r interpretimin sipas rregullat t谷 ndryshme ose sipas krahasimit me modele t谷 gjuh谷s
specifike q谷 po shfryt谷zohet.
Morfologjia
Ky nivel ka t谷 b谷j me nd谷rtimin e fjal谷ve, t谷 cilat p谷rb谷hen nga morfema - nj谷sit谷 m谷 t谷 vogla
t谷 kuptimshme. P谷r shembull, fjala parashkollormund t谷 analizohet morfologjikisht n谷 tre morfema
t谷 ve巽anta: parashtesa para, rr谷nja shkoll谷 dhe prapashtesa or. Meq谷 kuptimi i 巽do morfeme mbetet
i nj谷jt谷 n谷 fjal谷 t谷 ndryshme, njer谷zit mund t谷 analizojn谷 nj谷 fjal谷 t谷 panjohur n谷 morfemat e saj
p谷rb谷r谷se n谷 m谷nyr谷 q谷 t谷 kuptojn谷 dometh谷nien e saj. N谷 m谷nyr谷 t谷 ngjashme, nj谷 sistem NLP
mund t谷 njoh谷 kuptimin e bartur nga 巽do morfem谷 n谷 m谷nyr谷 q谷 t谷 nxjerr谷 kuptimin p谷rfaq谷sues.
P谷r shembull, duke shtuar mbares谷 va n谷 nj谷 folje, t谷 b谷het e ditur se veprimi i foljes zhvillohet n谷
t谷 shkuar谷n. Kjo 谷sht谷 nj谷 pjes谷 kryesore e kuptimit, dhe n谷 fakt, vet谷m evidentohet shpesh n谷 nj谷
tekst nga p谷rdorimi i morfem谷s va.
Leksiku
N谷 k谷t谷 nivel, njer谷zit, si dhe sistemet e NLP-s谷, interpretojn谷 kuptimin e fjal谷ve individuale.
Disa lloje t谷 p谷rpunimit t谷 kontribuojn谷 n谷 t谷 kuptuarit e nivelit t谷 fjal谷ve t谷 t谷 - e para prej k谷tyre
谷sht谷 caktimi i nj谷 shenje t谷 vetme t谷 pjes谷s s谷 ligj谷rat谷s p谷r 巽do fjal谷. N谷 k谷t谷 p谷rpunim, fjal谷ve q谷
mund t谷 funksionojn谷 si m谷 shum谷 se nj谷 pjes谷 e ligj谷rat谷s u caktohen nj谷 shenj谷 m谷 e mundshme e
pjes谷s s谷 ligj谷rat谷s, bazuar n谷 kontekstin n谷 t谷 cil谷n ato ndodhin. P谷rve巽 k谷saj n谷 nivelin leksikor,
ato fjal谷 q谷 kan谷 vet谷m nj谷 kuptim t谷 mundsh谷m apo q谷 kuptimi mund t谷 z谷vend谷sohet me nj谷
p谷rfaq谷sim semantik t谷 atij kuptimi. Natyra e p谷rfaq谷simit varion sipas teoris谷 semantike t谷
p谷rdorur n谷 sistemin NLP. P谷rfaq谷simi vijues i kuptimit t谷 fjal谷s 谷sht谷 n谷 form谷n e predikateve
logjike. Si巽 mund t谷 v谷rehet, nj谷 nj谷si e vetme leksikor 谷sht谷 zb谷rthehet n谷 tiparet e saj m谷
themelore. Duke pasur parasysh se ekziston nj谷 grup primitivesh semantike t谷 p谷rdorura n谷 t谷 gjitha
2. fjal谷t, k谷to p谷rfaq谷sime t谷 thjesht谷suara leksikore b谷jn谷 t谷 mundur nj谷simin e kuptimit n谷 t谷 gjitha
fjal谷t dhe prodhojn谷 interpretime komplekse, shum谷 t谷 nj谷jta me ato q谷 b谷jn谷 njer谷zit.
(a large boat used for carrying people on rivers, lakes harbors, etc.)
((CLASS BOAT) (PROPERTIES (LARGE)
(PURPOSE (PREDICATION (CLASS CARRY) (OBJECT PEOPLE))))
Niveli leksikor mund t谷 k谷rkoj谷 nj谷 leksikon, dhe qasja e ve巽ant谷 e nd谷rmarr谷 nga nj谷 sistem
NLP do t谷 p谷rcaktoj谷 n谷se nj谷 leksikon do t谷 p谷rdoret, si dhe natyr谷n dhe shkall谷n e informacionit
q谷 谷sht谷 i koduar n谷 leksikon. Leksikonet mund t谷 jen谷 mjaft t谷 thjeshta, vet谷m me fjal谷t dhe pjes谷t
e ligj谷rat谷s q谷 i p谷rkasin, ose mund t谷 jen谷 gjithnj谷 e m谷 komplekse duke p谷rmbajtur informacione
mbi klas谷n semantik t谷 fjal谷s, 巽far谷 argumentesh merr, dhe kufizimet semantike p谷r k谷to argumente,
p谷rkufizimet e kuptimit(ve) n谷 p谷rfaq谷simin semantik q谷 shfryt谷zohen n谷 sistemin e ve巽ant谷, dhe
madje edhe fush谷n semantike n谷 t谷 cil谷n 巽do kuptim i nj谷 fjale polisemike 谷sht谷 p谷rdorur.
Sintaksa
Ky nivel fokusohet n谷 analizimin e fjal谷ve n谷 nj谷 fjali n谷 m谷nyr谷 q谷 t谷 zbuloj谷 struktur谷n
gramatikore t谷 fjalis谷. Kjo k谷rkon edhe nj谷 gramatik谷 dhe nj谷 analizues. Prodhimi i k谷tij niveli t谷
p谷rpunimit 谷sht谷 nj谷 (ndoshta jo n谷 m谷nyr谷 lineare) p谷rfaq谷sim i fjalis谷 q谷 tregon marr谷dh谷niet e
var谷sis谷 strukturore midis fjal谷ve. Ka gramatika t谷 ndryshme q谷 mund t谷 shfryt谷zohen, dhe q谷, nga
ana tjet谷r, ndikojn谷 n谷 zgjedhjen e nj谷 analizuesi. Jo t谷 gjitha aplikacionet NLP k谷rkojn谷 nj谷
analizim t谷 plot谷 t谷 fjalive, prandaj sfidat e mbetura n谷 analiz谷 gramatikore t谷 fush谷s s谷 lidhjes dhe
ngjitjes s谷 sintagmave parafjalore nuk i ngat谷rrojn谷 ato aplikacione p谷r t谷 cilat var谷sit谷 frazore dhe
t谷 fjalis谷 jan谷 t谷 mjaftueshme. Sintaksa p谷rcjell kuptimin n谷 shumic谷n e gjuh谷ve, sepse rendi dhe
var谷sia kontribuojn谷 n谷 kuptim.
P谷r shembull dy fjali:
Qeni ndjek macen
Macja ndjek qenin,
ndryshojn谷 vet谷m n谷 aspektin e sintaks谷s, por p谷rcjellin kuptime krejt t谷 ndryshme.
Semantika
Ky 谷sht谷 niveli n谷 t谷 cilin shumica e njer谷zve mendojn谷 se kuptimi 谷sht谷 i p谷rcaktuar,
megjithat谷, si巽 mund ta shohim n谷 p谷rcaktimin e niveleve, jan谷 t谷 gjitha k谷to nivele q谷 kontribuojn谷
p谷r kuptimin. P谷rpunimi semantik p谷rcakton kuptimet e mundshme t谷 nj谷 fjalie duke u fokusuar n谷
bashk谷veprimet midis kuptimeve n谷 nivelin e fjal谷s n谷 fjali. Ky nivel i p谷rpunimit mund t谷 p谷rfshij谷
qart谷simin e shum谷kuptim谷sis谷 (disambiguation) semantike t谷 fjal谷ve me kuptime t谷 shumta; n谷 nj谷
m谷nyr谷 t谷 ngjashme ashtu si qart谷simi i shum谷kuptim谷sis谷 sintaksore t谷 fjal谷ve q谷 mund t谷
funksionojn谷 si pjes谷 t谷 shum谷fishta t谷 ligj谷rat谷s
realizohet n谷 nivel sintaksor. Qart谷simi i shum谷kuptim谷sis谷 semantike lejon nj谷 dhe vet谷m nj谷
kuptim t谷 fjal谷ve polisemike t谷 p谷rzgjidhen dhe t谷 p谷rfshihen n谷 p谷rfaq谷simin semantik t谷 fjalis谷.
P谷r shembull, midis kuptimeve t谷 tjera, emri 'gryk谷' si nj谷 em谷r mund t谷 ket谷 k谷to kuptime: 1. Pjesa
e e p谷rparme e qaf谷s; fyt. I dhemb gryka. 2. Pjesa e sip谷rme dhe me e ngusht谷 e nj谷 shisheje. Gryka
e shishes. 3. Vend i ngusht谷 dhe i thell谷 midis dy maleve. Gryk谷 mali. 4. Pjesa e p谷rparme e tyt谷s s谷
nj谷 arme; tyt谷. Gryka e pushk谷s.
N谷se k谷rkohet informacion nga pjesa tjet谷r e fjalis谷 p谷r t谷 qart谷suar shum谷kuptim谷sin谷,
semantika dhe jo niveli leksikor do ta qart谷soj谷. Nj谷 gam谷 t谷 gjer谷 metodash t谷 mund t谷 zbatohen
p谷r t谷 p谷rmbushur qart谷simin e shum谷kuptim谷sis谷, disa prej t谷 cilave k谷rkojn谷 informacion n谷
lidhje me shpesht谷sin谷 me t谷 cil谷n 巽do kuptim ndodh n谷 nj谷 korpus t谷 ve巽ant谷 t谷 interesit, apo n谷
p谷rdorimin e p谷rgjithsh谷m, disa k谷rkojn谷 shqyrtimin e kontekstit lokal, dhe disa tjera shfryt谷zojn谷
njohurit谷 pragmatike t谷 fush谷s s谷 dokumentit.
3. Ligj谷rimi (Discourse)
Nd谷rsa sintaksa dhe semantika punojn谷 me fjalin谷 si nj谷si gjat谷sie, niveli i ligj谷rimit
(diskursit) t谷 NLP punon me nj谷sit谷 e tekstit m谷 t谷 gjat谷 se nj谷 fjali. Kjo n谷nkupton se ajo nuk i
interpreton tekstet me shum谷 fjali vet谷m si fjali t谷 varguara, ku secila prej tyre mund t谷 interpretohet
ve巽mas. P谷rkundrazi, ligj谷rimi fokusohet n谷 vetit谷 e tekstit si t谷r谷si q谷 p谷rcjell kuptimin duke i b谷r谷
lidhjet midis fjalive p谷rb谷r谷se. Disa lloje t谷 p谷rpunimit t谷 diskursit mund t谷 ndodhin n谷 k谷t谷 nivel,
dy m谷 t谷 zakonshmet jan谷 zgjidhja e anafor谷s dhe njohja e struktur谷s s谷 diskursit / tekstit. Zgjidhja
e anafor谷s ka t谷 b谷j谷 me z谷vend谷simin e fjal谷ve t谷 tilla si p谷remra, t谷 cilat jan谷 semantikisht boshe,
me nj谷sit谷 e p谷rshtatshme t谷 cilave u referohen. Njohja e struktur谷s s谷 diskursit / tekstit p谷rcakton
funksionet e fjalive n谷 tekst, t谷 cilat, nga ana tjet谷r, u shtohen p谷rfaq谷simit kuptimplot谷 t谷 tekstit.
P谷r shembull, artikuj gazetash mund t谷 shp谷rb谷hen n谷 komponent谷t e diskursit t谷 tilla si: Lead,
Main Story, Previous Events, Evaluation, Attributed Quotes, and Expectation.
Pragmatika
Ky nivel ka t谷 b谷j谷 me p谷rdorimin e q谷llimsh谷m t谷 gjuh谷s n谷 situata dhe p谷rdor konteksti n
ve巽 p谷rmbajtjes s谷 tekstit p谷r kuptimin. Q谷llimi 谷sht谷 q谷 t谷 shpjegoj谷 se si lexohet kuptimi shtes谷 n谷
tekste n谷 t谷 v谷rtet谷 pa qen谷 t谷 koduara. Kjo k谷rkon shum谷 njohuri nga bota, duke p谷rfshir谷 edhe
kuptimin e q谷llimeve, planeve dhe synimeve. Disa aplikacione NLP mund t谷 shfryt谷zojn谷 bazat e
njohurive dhe modulin e nxjerrjes s谷 p谷rfundimit. P谷r shembull, k谷to dy fjali k谷rkojn谷 zgjidhjen e
termit anaforik 'ata', por kjo zgjidhje k谷rkon njohuri pragmatike apo bot谷rore.
The city councilors refused the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence. -
K谷shilltar谷t e qytetit refuzuan nj谷 leje demonstruesve sepse ata kishin frik谷 dhun谷n.
The city councilors refused the demonstrators a permit because they advocated
revolution. - K谷shilltar谷t e qytetit refuzuan nj谷 leje demonstruesve sepse ata mbrojt谷n
revolucionin.
P谷rmbledhje e niveleve
Sistemet aktuale NLP kan谷 prirje p谷r t谷 zbatuar module q谷 t谷 p谷rmbushin kryesisht nivelet m谷
t谷 ul谷ta t谷 p谷rpunimit. Kjo 谷sht谷 p谷r disa arsye. S谷 pari, aplikacioni mund t谷 mos k谷rkoj谷
interpretim n谷 nivelet m谷 t谷 larta. S谷 dyti, nivelet e ul谷ta jan谷 hulumtuar dhe zbatuar m谷 thell谷. S谷
treti, nivelet m谷 t谷 ul谷ta merren me nj谷si m谷 t谷 vogla t谷 analiz谷s, p.sh. morfemat, fjal谷t dhe fjalit谷, t谷
cilat jan谷 drejtuara sipas rregullave, kundrejt niveleve t谷 larta t谷 p谷rpunimit t谷 gjuh谷s t谷 cilat merren
me tekstet dhe njohurit谷 e bot谷s, dhe t谷 cilat jan谷 drejtuara vet谷m nga rregullsia. Qasjet statistikore,
deri m谷 sot, jan谷 t谷 vlefshme n谷 nivelet m谷 t谷 ul谷ta t谷 analiz谷s, nd谷rsa qasjet simbolike jan谷 trajtuar
n谷 t谷 gjitha nivelet, edhe pse ka ende disa sisteme t谷 cilat p谷rfshijn谷 nivelet m谷 t谷 larta.
