Nucleotide chemotherapy
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Chemotherapeutic enzymes target the nucleotide biosynthetic pathway by inhibiting enzymes involved in DNA and RNA synthesis. Nucleotides are essential for cell survival and proliferation, and tumor cells have high concentrations of nucleotide metabolites. Chemotherapeutic drugs work by blocking DNA synthesis, causing lethal events in rapidly dividing cancer cells and arresting tumor progression. Specifically, antimetabolites like methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine interfere with folate and purine metabolism, halting cancer cell division. By targeting nucleotide biosynthesis, chemotherapy aims to stop uncontrolled tumor cell growth.
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This document discusses pharmacology of antineoplastic agents. It begins by classifying antineoplastic agents into cell cycle specific agents, cell cycle non-specific agents, and miscellaneous agents like antibodies. It then discusses mechanisms of action, side effects, and drug resistance. Specific agents and their mechanisms, uses, and side effects are outlined. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide and mechanisms like crosslinking DNA are explained in detail.Cancer chemotherapy part i
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This document discusses pharmacology of antineoplastic agents. It begins by classifying antineoplastic agents into cell cycle specific agents, cell cycle non-specific agents, and miscellaneous agents like antibodies. It then discusses mechanisms of action, side effects, and drug resistance. Specific agents and their mechanisms, uses, and side effects are outlined. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide and mechanisms like crosslinking DNA are explained in detail.
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Diploma nursing Extension student International institute of health science jinja,Uganda presenting the Antineoplastic drugs, the main objectives is
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- 1. Mechanism of Action of Chemotherapeutic Enzymes of the Nucleotide Biosynthetic Pathway 1
- 2. Chemotherapeutic enzymes are enzyme which are targeted for cancer treatment. In nucleotide biosynthesis, the nucleotides enzymes are the primary targets of inhibition for the treatment of cancer disorder (Zahind et al., 2002). Chemotherapeutic Enzymes 2
- 3. Roles of Nucleotides Source of DNA/RNA. Source of energy. Source of cofactors. for cell survival and proliferation. 3
- 4. Cont. High concentrations of nucleotides metabolites have been indicated in tumor cells. Leading to the development of antitumor drugs. Which work by blocking DNA synthesis and halting cell growth(Alba et al 2017) 4
- 5. Nucleotide Enzymes Chemotherapy Cause lethal cytotoxic event or apoptosis in cancer cells. Arrest tumor progression Rapidly proliferating cells are more prone to chemotherapeutic drugs (Richard, 2002). 5
- 6. Anti-metabolites are metabolic analogs Cancer cells undergo rapid energy production Their maximal toxic effect are in the S phase of the cell circle (Alba et al., 2017). Cont. 6
- 7. Cont. Antimetabolites are further classified into : Folate antagonist Purine antagonist Pyrimidine antagonist 7
- 8. Mechanism of action of Methotrexite (Anti metabolite) Folic Acid + Dihydrofolate Reductase Tetrahydrofolate Reductase thymidine Guanine adenine methionine Serine DNA Cell Dies 8
- 9. MOA of 6 Mercaptopurine (Jasdep 2016) 9
- 10. 10
- 11. Toxic effects of cancer treatment with chemotherapy Bone marrow toxicity (myelosuppression). Impaired wound healing Loss of hair (alopecia) Damage to gastrointestinal epithelium suppression of growth in children 11
- 12. Conclusion Nucleotide biosynthesis is a key step in cancer chemotherapy, because all cells comes into existence as a result of mitosis. Nucleotide chemotherapy uses substrate analogs to interfere with the enzymatic activity in DNA and RNA biosynthesis thus, halting tumor cells proliferation. 12
- 13. References Alba L. Dan Y and Mathew G (2017) Targeting metabolism for Cancer Chemotherapy, Cell Chemical Biology Review September. Jasdep Singh (2016), Cancer Chemotherapy, Departmental of Pharmacological Science, Maharaja Ranjid Technical University Bathinda. Jilian H.Davis Cancer Chemotherapy, Department of Pharmacology Howard University. 13
- 14. Cont. Richard, I., Stephen, D. Paul, K. (2002). Inhibitors of Denovo Nucleotides Biosyntheis as Drugs. Accounting of Chemical Research. 3(2):23-56. Zahind H and Siddik Anderson (2002) Mechanism of action of cancer chemotherapeutic agent, Cancer Handbook 1st Edition John Wiley and Sons 14
- 15. 15